Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 · The industrial employment (standing orders) act, 1946
Section 12: Oral evidence in contradiction of standing orders not admissible
The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 was repealed and replaced by the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 from 21 November 2025. It still applies to matters and proceedings from before that date, as the repealing law provides.
No oral evidence having the effect of adding to or otherwise varying or contradicting standing orders as finally certified under this Act shall be admitted in any Court.
State amendments to this section
Karnataka Amendment of section 12.-In section 12 of the principal Act, after the words “finally certified”, the words “or adopted” shall be inserted. [Vide Karnataka Act 12 of 2014, s. 9] Maharashtra Amendment of section 12 of Act XX of 1946.—In section 12 of the said Act,—
(a) for the words "standing orders as finally certified under this Act” the words “standing orders or the model standing orders, or model standing standing orders” with all the amendments as finally under this Act, as case may be,” shall be substituted.
(b) in the marginal note, for the words “standing order” the words “standing orders, etc,” shall be substituted. [Vide Bombay Act XXI of 1958, s. 15]
Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the text of the Act as it stood before its repeal. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.
Supreme Court judgments citing the section 12
No Supreme Court judgment in our database cites this section yet.