Indian Contract Act, 1872 · Chapter X: Agency · Ratification
Section 199: Effect of ratifying unauthorized act forming part of a transaction
In plain words
A person who ratifies an unauthorised act done for them ratifies the whole transaction it was part of.
A simplified explanation, prepared with AI assistance from the official text below and checked automatically against it for numbers and cross-references. The official text is the law and prevails over this summary. Not legal advice.
Official text
A person ratifying any unauthorized act done on his behalf ratifies the whole of the transaction of which such act formed a part.
Source: India Code (indiacode.gov.in), the consolidated text published by the Legislative Department, Government of India. Text as updated on India Code on 15 October 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.
Supreme Court judgments citing the section 199
No Supreme Court judgment in our database cites this section yet.