Constitution of India · Part III: Fundamental Rights · Right to Freedom

Article 21A: Right to education

Official text

Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the official text of the Constitution of India. As amended up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Text as on 10 September 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.

Supreme Court judgments citing the article 21A

• Anjuman Ishaat-E-Taleem Trust v. The State of Maharashtra and Others
  2025 INSC 10631 September 2025Directions issued

  1) Whether the State can insist that a teacher seeking appointment in a minority educational institution must qualify the Teacher Eligibility Test (TET); If so, whether providing such a qualification would affect any of…

• The State of Tamil Nadu v. The Governor of Tamil Nadu & Anr.
  2025 INSC 4818 April 2025Disposed of

  a. What courses of action are available to the Governor in exercise of his powers under Article 200 of the Constitution. b. Whether the Governor can reserve a Bill for the consideration of the President when it is…

• Anjum Kadari & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors.
  2024 INSC 8315 November 2024Disposed of

  Issue arose as to correctness of the order passed by the High Court holding the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madarsa Education Act, 2004 to be unconstitutional on the ground that it violates the principle of secularism and…

• Supriyo @ Supriya Chakraborty & Anr. v. Union
  2023 INSC 92017 October 2023Disposed of
• Devesh Sharma v. Union of India and Ors.
  2023 INSC 70411 August 2023Dismissed
• Janhit Abhiyan v. Union of India
  2022 INSC 11757 November 2022Disposed of
• M/S New Noble Educational Society v. The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax 1 and Anr.
  2022 INSC 111119 October 2022Dismissed
• Aishat Shifa v. The State of Karnataka & Ors
  2022 INSC 108513 October 2022Matter placed before CJI.
• Satyajit Kumar & Ors. v. The State of Jharkhand & Ors.
  2022 INSC 7852 August 2022Partly allowed
• Maniben Maganbhai Bhariya v. District Development Officer Dahod & Ors.
  2022 INSC 47325 April 2022Appeal(s) allowed
• G H Rajneesh Kumar Pandey & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.
  2021 INSC 68928 October 2021Directions issued
• Union of India v. Rajendra N. Shah and Another
  2021 INSC 34020 July 2021Disposed of
• Ram Sharan Maurya and Others v. State of U.P. and Others
  2020 INSC 64618 November 2020Disposed of
• Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India & Ors.
  2020 INSC 3110 January 2020Disposed of
• Sanjai Kumar & Ors. v. Dr. Prabhat Kumar Etc.
  2019 INSC 137213 December 2019Disposed of
• Omkar Singh v. State of U.P. & Ors.
  2019 INSC 76516 July 2019Appeal(s) allowed
• State of Bihar & Ors. v. The Bihar Secondary Teachers Struggle Committee, Munger & Ors.
  2019 INSC 68010 May 2019Appeal(s) allowed
• State of Haryana and Another v. Sandeep Singh and Others
  2019 INSC 6286 May 2019Appeal(s) allowed
• Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India & Ors.
  2018 INSC 88026 September 2018Disposed of
• Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. v. Union of India Thr. Secretary Ministry of Law and Justice
  2018 INSC 7906 September 2018Disposed of
• A. A. Padmanbhan v. The State of Kerala & Ors.
  2018 INSC 16516 February 2018Dismissed
• State of U.P and Ors. Etc. Etc. v. Shn Kumar Pathak and Ors. Etc. Etc.
  2017 INSC 66625 July 2017Disposed of
• Vikas Sankhala & Ors. Etc. v. Vikas Kumar Agarwal & Ors. Etc.
  2016 INSC 97018 October 2016Disposed of
• State of U.P. & Ors. v. Pawan Kumar Divedi & Ors,
  2014 INSC 5802 September 2014Dismissed
• State of Karnataka & Anr. v. Associated Management of (Government Recognised ..:.. Unaided - English Medium) Primary & Secondary Schools & Ors.
  2014 INSC 3606 May 2014Disposed of
• Pramati Educational & Cultural Trust ® & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.
  2014 INSC 3626 May 2014Disposed of
• Bhusawal Municipal Council v. Nivrutti Ramchandra Phalak & Ors.
  2013 INSC 84417 December 2013Dismissed
• Re. Exploitation of Children in Orphanages in the State of Tamil Nadu v. Union of India & Ors.
  2013 INSC 83816 December 2013
• Maharshi Mahesh Yogi Vedic Vishwavidyalaya v. State of M.P. & Ors.
  2013 INSC 4283 July 2013Appeal(s) allowed
• Jatya Pal Singh & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.
  2013 INSC 26417 April 2013Dismissed
• Environment & Consumer Protection Foundation v. Delhi Administration & Ors.
  2012 INSC 4423 October 2012Disposed of
• Bhartiya Seva Samaj Trust Tr. Pres. & Anr. v. Yogeshbhai Ambalal Patel & Anr.
  2012 INSC 39914 September 2012Dismissed
• State of Kerala and Others v. The Tribal Mission
  2012 INSC 3754 September 2012Disposed of
• Brij Mohan Lal v. Union of India & Ors.
  2012 INSC 17819 April 2012Partly allowed
• Society for Un-Aided P.School of Rajasthan v. U.O.I. & Anr.
  2012 INSC 16912 April 2012Disposed of
• State of Tamil Nadu & Ors. v. K. Shyam Sunder & Ors.
  2011 INSC 5559 August 2011Dismissed
• Bachpan Bachao Andolan v. Union of India & Others
  2011 INSC 30718 April 2011Hearing Adjourned
• Childline India Foundation & Anr. v. Allan John Waters & Ors.
  2011 INSC 22518 March 2011Appeal(s) allowed
• State of Orissa & Anr. v. Mamata Mohanty
  2011 INSC 1139 February 2011Disposed of
• State of U.P. & Ors. v. Bhupendra Nath Tripathi & Ors.
  2010 INSC 75929 October 2010Dismissed
• Sindhi Education Society & Anr. v. The Chief Secretary, Govt. of NCT of Delhi & Ors.
  2010 INSC 3928 July 2010Appeal(s) allowed
• Avinash Mehrotra v. Union of India & Ors.
  2009 INSC 48913 April 2009Disposed of
• Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India & Ors
  2008 INSC 47310 April 2008Disposed of
• Election Commission of India v. St. Marys School and Ors.
  2007 INSC 12416 December 2007Dismissed
• City and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra and Anr. v. Ekta Mahila Mandal and Anr.
  2007 INSC 93417 September 2007Appeal(s) allowed
• Nano Kishore Ojha v. Madanmohan Jha
  2007 INSC 31019 March 2007Disposed of
• R.D. Upadhyay v. State of A.P. and Ors.
  2006 INSC 22513 April 2006Disposed of
• State of Maharashtra v. Sant Dnyaneshwar Shikshan Shastra Mahavidyalaya and Ors.
  2006 INSC 19031 March 2006Dismissed
• State of Bihar and Ors. v. Project Uchcha Vidya, Sikshak Sangh and Ors.
  2006 INSC 53 January 2006Disposed of