Section 4: Interpretation-clause

The following words and expressions are intended to have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively, so far as such meanings are not excluded by the context or by the nature of the subject-matter; that is to say *** the word "person", shall apply to bodies politic and corporate; and the word "parent" shall include father and mother2 and grand-father and grand-mother; and the word "child" shall include son and daughter and grand-son and grand-daughter and step-son and step-daughter.

Source: India Code (indiacode.gov.in), the consolidated text published by the Legislative Department, Government of India. Text as updated on India Code on 15 October 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.

Supreme Court judgments citing the section 4

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