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Income-tax Act, 1961 · Chapter XV: Liability in Special Cases · C.—Representative assesses- Special cases

Section 163: Who may be regarded as agent

The Income-tax Act, 1961 was repealed by the Income-tax Act, 2025 from 1 April 2026. The text is kept here because the judgments below apply it.

(1) For the purposes of this Act, —agent‖, in relation to a non-resident, includes any person in India—

(a) who is employed by or on behalf of the non-resident; or

(b) who has any business connection with the non-resident; or

(c) from or through whom the non-resident is in receipt of any income, whether directly or indirectly; or

(d) who is the trustee of the non-resident; and includes also any other person who, whether a resident or non-resident, has acquired by means of a transfer, a capital asset in India:

Provided that a broker in India who, in respect of any transactions, does not deal directly with or on behalf of a non-resident principal but deals with or through a non-resident broker shall not be deemed to be an agent under this section in respect of such transactions, if the following conditions are fulfilled, namely:—

(i) the transactions are carried on in the ordinary course of business through the first-mentioned broker; and

(ii) the non-resident broker is carrying on such transactions in the ordinary course of his business and not as a principal. [Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, the expression —business connection‖ shall have the meaning assigned to it in Explanation 2 to clause (i) of sub-section (1) of section 9 of this Act.]

(2) No person shall be treated as the agent of a non-resident unless he has had an opportunity of being heard by the [Assessing Officer] as to his liability to be treated as such.

Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the text of the Act as it stood before its repeal. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.

Supreme Court judgments citing the section 163