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Constitution of India · Part VI: The States · General

Article 168: Constitution of Legislatures in States

In plain words

Every State has a Legislature made up of the Governor and one or two Houses. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh are listed in the text as having two Houses, and other States have one.

  • Where there are two Houses, they are the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. A single House is the Legislative Assembly.

A simplified explanation, prepared with AI assistance from the official text below and checked automatically against it for numbers and cross-references. The official text is the law and prevails over this summary. Not legal advice.

Official text

(1) For every State there shall be a Legislature which shall consist of the Governor, and—

(a) in the States of *** [Andhra Pradesh], Bihar, *** [Madhya Pradesh], *** [Maharashtra], [Karnataka], *** [[Tamil Nadu, Telangana]] [and Uttar Pradesh], two Houses;

(b) in other States, one House.

(2) Where there are two Houses of the Legislature of a State, one shall be known as the Legislative Council and the other as the Legislative Assembly, and where there is only one House, it shall be known as the Legislative Assembly.

Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the official text of the Constitution of India. As amended up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Text as on 10 September 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.

Supreme Court judgments citing the article 168