Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 · Chapter V: Of Documentary Evidence · Presumptions as to documents
Section 90: Presumption as to electronic messages
In plain words
The court may presume that an email sent through a mail server to the addressee matches the message the sender entered for transmission. But it cannot presume who sent the message.
A simplified explanation, prepared with AI assistance from the official text below and checked automatically against it for numbers and cross-references. The official text is the law and prevails over this summary. Not legal advice.
Official text
The Court may presume that an electronic message, forwarded by the originator through an electronic mail server to the addressee to whom the message purports to be addressed corresponds with the message as fed into his computer for transmission; but the Court shall not make any presumption as to the person by whom such message was sent.
Source: India Code (indiacode.gov.in), the consolidated text published by the Legislative Department, Government of India. Text as updated on India Code on 25 August 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.
Supreme Court judgments citing the section 90
No Supreme Court judgment in our database cites this section yet.