Vikas Kumar v. State of Punjab

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1o o o nd113o(2 ocase)o INoTHEoHIGHoCOURToOFoPUNJABoANDoHARYANAoATo CHANDIGARHo o o VikasoKumaroo ….Petitionero o versuso o StateoofoPunjaboo ….Respondento o Dateoofodecision:oJanuaryo28,o2026oDateoofodecision:oJanuaryo28,o2026 DateoofoUploading:oJanuaryo29,o2026oDateoofoUploading:oJanuaryo ,o2026 o CORAM:o HON'BLEoMR.oJUSTICEoSUMEEToGOELo o Present:-o Mr.oVishaloGargoNarwana,oAdvocate,oo o o Mr.oKhushwantoSaharan,oAdvocateoandoo o o Ms.oChetnaoRao,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioner.oo o o o Mr.oAdhirajoSinghoThind,oAAGoPunjab.oo o o o Mr.oSanjeevoK.oVirk,oAdvocateoo o o (presenceomarkedothroughovideo-conferencing)oandoo o o Ms.oDeepikaoVerma,oAdvocateoforotheocomplainant.oo o *****o o SUMEEToGOEL,oJ.o(ORAL)oo o o o Presento petitiono haso beeno filedo undero Sectiono 483o ofo theo BharatiyaoNagarikoSurakshaoSanhita,o2023o(foroshorto'BNSS')oforograntoofo regularobailotootheopetitioner,oinocaseobearingoFIRoNo.70odatedo15.05.2025,o undero Sectionso 109,o 103(1),o 190,o 191(3),o 118o ofo theo Bharatiyao Nyayao Sanhita,o2023o(foroshorto'BNS'),oregisteredoatoPoliceoStationoSatnampura,o Phagwara,oDistrictoKapurthala.oo

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2.o o TheogravamenoofotheoFIRoinoquestionoisothatotheoinjured,onamelyo AhmadoMohamedoNouroAhmedoHussen,ostatedothatoono15.05.2025,oheohado goneotooperformoNamazoalongowithohisofriendoMohammadoWadaoBalaoYousifo Ahmedo (sinceo deceased)o ando threeo girls,o namelyo Etharo Youssryo Saliho Mohammedo Ahmed,o Narmeeno Omero Abdallao Edris,o ando Fatimaelzaharao AmiroTagelsiroMahgoub.oWhenotheyoreachedojustooutsideotheosaidopremises,o theyowereoaccostedobyosixotoosevenounknownopersonsowhoowereostandingo there.o Ito iso allegedo thato theo assailantso startedo inquiringo abouto theo phoneo numberso ofo theo girlso and,o wheno theo injuredo attemptedo too interveneo ando restrainedothem,otheoaccusedopersonsoinitiatedoaoscuffle.oAllotheoaccused,oouto ofowhomotwoowereoarmedowithoknives,oallegedlyocaughtoholdoofotheoinjuredo andohisofriend.oTheoassailantsothereafterostabbedobothotheoinjuredoandotheo deceasedoonotheoleftosideoofotheirochests.oUponoraisingohueoandocry,oallotheo accusedofledofromotheospot.oThereafter,oPrabhatoDubeyoarrivedoatotheosceneo ando tooko botho theo injuredo personso too Johalo Hospital,o whereo Mohammado WadaoBalaoYousifoAhmedowasodeclaredobroughtodead,owhileotheoinjuredowaso admittedotootheohospitaloafterohavingosustainedoseriousoandolife-threateningo injuries.o

3.o o LearnedoSenioroCounseloforotheopetitionerohasoarguedothatotheo petitionerohasobeenoinocustodyosinceo15.05.2025oandohasoalreadyoundergoneo substantialoincarceration.oLearnedoSenioroCounselohasofurtherocontendedothato theopetitionerohasobeenofalselyoimplicatedoinotheoFIRoinoquestionoandohiso involvementoisonotoborneooutofromotheomaterialoonorecord.oLearnedoSenioro CounselohasoiteratedothatotheoInvestigatingoOfficer,oafterocriticallyoevaluatingo

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3o o theo materialo ono recordo includingo CCTVo footage/recordings,o foundo theo petitionero alongo witho fouro othero co-accusedo too beo noto culpable,o ando accordingly,o ano applicationo datedo 10.07.2025o seekingo dischargeo ofo theo petitioneroandofourootheroco-accusedowasomovedobeforeotheolearnedoJudicialo Magistrateo Isto Class,o Phagwara.o Learnedo Senioro Counselo haso furthero submittedothatodespiteotheoopinionoofotheoInvestigatingoAgencyoitself,otheo learnedoJMIC,ovideoorderodatedo16.07.2025,odismissedotheosaidodischargeo applicationoand,oinadvertently,oheldothatoaoprimaofacieocaseowasomadeoouto againstotheopetitioneroandotheootherofouroco-accused.oLearnedoSenioroCounselo hasofurtheroarguedothatothereafter,ovideoorderodatedo07.08.2025,otheolearnedo JMICo againo inadvertentlyo proceededo too takeo cognizanceo againsto theo petitioneroandoothersobyoinvokingotheoprincipleoofovicarious/jointoliability,o eveno thougho theo Courto itselfo recordedo ao categoricalo observationo thato noo specificoinjuryooroovertoactowasoattributedotootheopetitioneroorotheosaidoco-accused.oLearnedoSenioroCounselohasosubmittedothatoassumingoarguendo,otheo prosecutiono versiono iso assumedo too beo correct;o theo roleo attributedo too theo petitioneroisoconfinedomerelyotoohisopresenceoatotheospotowithoaobrickoinohiso hand,owithoutoanyoallegationoofouseothereofoorocausingoinjuryotooanyoperson.o Learnedo Senioro Counselo haso emphasizedo thato theo entireo incidento standso capturedoinotheoCCTVofootage,oonotheobasisoofowhichotheopoliceoitselfohado foundotheopetitioneroandofourootheroco-accusedotoobeouninvolvedoandohado soughtotheirodischarge.oLearnedoSenioroCounselohasothusocontendedothatotheo petitionerowasoatobestoaopassiveoonlooker/bystanderoatotheoallegedoplaceoofo

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4o o occurrenceo ando haso beeno unnecessarilyo ropedo intoo theo caseo withouto anyo substantiveooroincriminatingomaterial.o

3.1.o o Learnedo counselo haso arguedo thato Sectiono 190o ofo BNSo (equivalentotooSectiono149oofoIPC)oisonotoattractedoasotheoprosecutionohaso failedotooestablishoanyocommonoobjectooroprioromeetingoofominds;ospecifico roleo iso noto attributedo too theo accused,o ando thereo iso noo evidenceo thato theo remainingoaccusedosharedoknowledgeoorointentionotoocommitotheooffence.oo

3.2.o o Learnedocounselohasofurtheroarguedothatostatement(s)oofothreeo eyeowitnessesowasorecordedobyotheopolice,obutononeoofothemohaveonamedotheo petitioneroinotheirostatement(s).oLearnedocounselohasofurtheroarguedothat,oitoiso theoco-accused,onamely,oAbhayoRajowhoohasobeenoattributedotheoinjuryowhicho causedodeathoofotheodeceased.oo

3.3.o o Learnedocounselohasogoesoonotoostateothatonoorecoveryoisoallegedo toohaveobeenomadeofromotheopetitioneroandotheopetitionerohasobeenowronglyo implicated,oinothisocase.oLearnedocounselohasourgedothatotheopetitioneroiso22o yearso oldo youngo student.o Learnedo counselo haso furthero urgedo thato theo petitionerohasosufferedoincarcerationoforomoreothano08omonthsoandonoousefulo purposeowouldobeoservedobyokeepingohimobehindobarsofurther.oThus,oregularo bailoisoprayedofor.oo

4.o o Pero contra,o learnedo Stateo counselo haso referredo too theo statuso reporto byo wayo ofo ano affidavito datedo 11.11.2025o (ino connectedo case,o i.e.,o CRM-M-48521-2025),o alreadyo ono record.o Raisingo submissionso ino tandemo witho theo saido reply,o learnedo Stateo counselo haso submittedo thato duringo investigation,otheopetitioneroalongowitho04ootheropersonsowereofoundotoobeonoto

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5o o involvedoinotheooffence.oAccordingly,oanoapplicationoseekingotheirodischargeo wasofiledobeforeotheolearnedoJMIC.oHowever,otheosameowasodismissed,ovideo orderodatedo16.07.2025oandolearnedoJMICohadotakenocognizanceoagainstotheo petitioneroandoothero04oco-accusedoasowell.oLearnedoStateocounselofurthero submitsothatothereafter,otheoStateochallengedotheosaidoorderobeforeotheolearnedo Additionalo Sessionso Judge,o Kapurthala.o Theo saido applicationo waso alsoo dismissed,ovideoorderodatedo30.08.2025.oPursuanceotootheoobservationsomadeo byothisoCourt,ovideoorderodatedo30.10.2025,otheoStateocounsel,owhileoreferringo toopara-10oofotheoaforesaidoreply,ohasostatedothatotheoDepartmentohasodecidedo noto too fileo anyo revisiono quao theo aforesaido orders,o i.e.o 16.07.2025o ando

30.08.2025,oandobothotheoordersohaveoattainedofinality.oItohasofurtherobeeno contendedo thato onceo twoo Courtso haveo concurrentlyo heldo thato sufficiento materialoexistsotooproceedoagainstotheopetitionero(herein),oheocannotoclaimotheo concessionooforegularobailoinoviewoofotheogravityoofoallegationoasoalsootheo activeoinvolvementoinotheocommissionoofotheooffence.oLearnedoStateocounselo seeksotooplaceoonorecordocustodyocertificateodatedo28.01.2026,oinotheoCourto today,owhichoisotakenoonorecord.oAccordingly,otheodismissaloofotheopresento petitionoisoprayedofor.oo

4.1.o o Learnedocounseloforotheocomplainantohasovehementlyoopposedo theograntooforegularobailotootheopetitionerobyoarguingothatothereoareodirect/o seriousoallegationsoagainstotheopetitioner.oTheopetitioneroalongowithohisoco-accusedohadocommittedotheomurderoofotheodeceasedoandohadoalsooinflictedo injuriesodangerousotoolifeoonotheochestoofotheocomplainant.oLearnedocounselo hasofurtheroarguedothat,oinocase,otheopetitioneroisoaccordedotheoconcessionoofo

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6o o regularo bail,o thereo iso allo likelihoodo ofo himo tamperingo theo prosecutiono evidenceoandoalsoointimidateotheoprosecutionowitnesses.oOnotheostrengthoofo theseosubmissions,otheodismissaloofotheopetitionoinohandoisoprayedofor.oo

5.oo o Io haveo heardo learnedo counselo foro theo rivalo partieso ando haveo perusedotheopaper-book.oo

6.o o Aoperusaloofotheocaseorecordoindicatesothat,othough,otheopoliceo hadomovedoanoapplicationoseekingodischargeoofotheopetitioneroalongowitho04o otheroco-accusedopersonsobeforeotheolearnedoJMIC,obutotheosaidoapplicationo wasodismissed,ovideoorderodatedo16.07.2025ofindingoprimaofacieocaseoagainsto theo petitionero whileo holdingo themo vicariously/o jointlyo liableo foro theo commissionoofocrimeoinoquestion.oAggrieved,otheoStateohadofiledorevisiono petitionobeforeotheolearnedoAdditionaloSessionsoJudge,oKapurthalaoagainstotheo aforesaido order,o buto theo sameo waso alsoo dismissedo video ordero datedo

30.08.2025.o Ono perusalo ofo theo recordo aso alsoo upono ao queryo puto fortho too learnedoSeniorocounseloforotheopetitioneroasoalsoolearnedoStateocounsel,oitohaso beenobroughtotootheonoticeoofotheoCourtothatothereoisonoofurtherochallengeotoo botho theo aforesaido orders,o i.e.,o datedo 16.07.2025o (cognizanceo takeno byo learnedoJMICowhileorejectingoapplicationoofotheoStateoseekingodischargeoofo theo petitionero ando othero 04o co-accusedo persons)o ando datedo 30.08.2025o (dismissalooforevisionopetitionoagainstotheoorderodatedo16.07.2025)oand,othus,o bothotheoordersohaveoattainedofinality.oPerusaloofotheorecordofurtherorevealso thatotheooffenceoinoquestionocommittedobyotheopetitioneroandohisoco-accusedo isoseriousoinonature.oFurther,olearnedoAdditionaloSessionsoJudge,oKapurthala,o whileodecliningotheobailoapplicationoofotheopetitioner,ovideoimpugnedoordero

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7o o datedo11.08.2025,ohasospecificallyoobservedothatograveoandoseriousooffenceo haso beeno committedo byo theo petitionero ando co-accused.o Theo Courto belowo furthero observedo thato co-accused,o namely,o Abhayo Rajo hado noto onlyo committedotheomurderoofoMohammadoWadaoBalaoYousifoAhmad,obutoalsoo inflictedo injurieso ono theo chesto ofo theo complainant,o whicho wereo declaredo dangerousotoolife.oTheopetitioneroandohisoco-accusedowereoveryomuchopresento ato theo timeo ofo theo allegedo occurrenceo ando theo saido facto iso furthero substantiated/ocorroboratedofromotheoCCTVofootageoalso.oo

7.o o Theograntoofobailofallsowithinotheodiscretionaryodomainoofotheo court;o however,o sucho discretiono musto beo exercisedo ino ao judiciouso ando principledomanner,oensuringoitoalignsowithoestablishedolegaloprecedentsoando theointerestsoofojustice.oWhileoconsideringoaobailoapplication,otheoCourtomusto evaluateofactorsosuchoasotheoexistenceoofoprimaofacieoevidenceoimplicatingotheo accused,otheonatureoandogravityoofotheoallegedooffence,oandotheoseverityoofotheo likelyosentenceouponoconviction.oTheoCourtomustoalsooassessotheolikelihoodo ofotheoaccusedoabscondingooroevadingotheodueoprocessoofolaw,otheoprobabilityo ofo theo offenceo beingo repeatedo ando anyo reasonableo apprehensiono ofo theo accusedotamperingowithoevidenceooroinfluencingowitnesses.oAdditionally,otheo character,o antecedents,o financialo means,o societalo standingo ando overallo conducto ofo theo accusedo playo ao crucialo role.o Furthermore,o theo Courto musto weighotheopotentialodangeroofobailounderminingotheoadministrationoofojusticeo orothwartingoitsodueocourse.oAoprofitableoreferenceoinothisoregardoisomadeotoo theojudgmentopassedobyotheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtotitledoasoStateothroughoStateothrough

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8o o C.B.I.ovs.oAmaramanioTripathi,o2005oAIRoSupremeoCourto3490,o relevanto whereoforeadsoasounder:o "14.oo Itoisowellosettledothatotheomattersotoobeoconsideredoinoano applicationoforobailoareo(i)owhetherothereoisoanyoprimaofacieoororeasonableo groundotoobelieveothatotheoaccusedohadocommittedotheooffence;o(ii)onatureo andogravityoofotheocharge;o(iii)oseverityoofotheopunishmentoinotheoeventoofo conviction;o(iv)odangeroofoaccusedoabscondingoorofleeingoiforeleasedoono bail;o (v)o character,o behaviour,o means,o positiono ando standingo ofo theo accused;(vi)o likelihoodo ofo theo offenceo beingo repeated;o (vii)o reasonableo apprehensionoofotheowitnessesobeingotamperedowith;oando(viii)odanger,oofo course,oofojusticeobeingothwartedobyograntoofobailo(seeoPrahladoSinghoBhatio v.oNCT,oDelhi,o2001(2)oRCRo(Criminal)o377o(SC)o:2001(4)oSCCo280oando Gurcharano Singho v.o Stateo (Delhio Administration),o AIRo 1978o Supremeo Courto179).oWhileoaovagueoallegationothatoaccusedomayotamperowithotheo evidenceoorowitnessesomayonotobeoaogroundotoorefuseobail,oifotheoaccusedoiso ofo sucho charactero thato hiso mereo presenceo ato largeo wouldo intimidateo theo witnessesooroifothereoisomaterialotooshowothatoheowillouseohisolibertyotoo subvertojusticeoorotamperowithotheoevidence,othenobailowillobeorefused.oWeo mayoalsooreferotootheofollowingoprinciplesorelatingotoograntoororefusaloofo bailo statedo ino Kalyano Chandrao Sarkaro v.o Rajesho Ranjan,o 2004(2)o RCRo (Criminal)o254o(SC)o:2004(7)oSCCo528o:"Theolawoinoregardotoograntooro refusaloofobailoisoveryowellosettled.oTheocourtograntingobailoshouldoexerciseo itsodiscretionoinoaojudiciousomanneroandonotoasoaomatteroofocourse.oThougho ato theo stageo ofo grantingo bailo ao detailedo examinationo ofo evidenceo ando elaborateodocumentationoofotheomeritoofotheocaseoneedonotobeoundertaken,o thereo iso ao needo too indicateo ino sucho orderso reasonso foro primao facieo concludingowhyobailowasobeingograntedoparticularlyowhereotheoaccusedoiso chargedoofohavingocommittedoaoseriousooffence.oAnyoorderodevoidoofosucho reasonsowouldosufferofromonon-applicationoofomind.oItoisoalsoonecessaryoforo theo courto grantingo bailo too considero amongo othero circumstances,o theo followingofactorsoalsoobeforeograntingobail;otheyoare:oo a.oTheonatureoofoaccusationoandotheoseverityoofopunishmentoinocaseo ofoconvictionoandotheonatureoofosupportingoevidence.o b.o Reasonableo apprehensiono ofo tamperingo witho theo witnesso oro apprehensionoofothreatotootheocomplainant.o c.oPrimaofacieosatisfactionoofotheocourtoinosupportoofotheocharge.o (seeoRamoGovindUpadhyayov.oSudarshanoSingh,o2002(2)oRCRo(Criminal)o 250o (SC)o :o 2002(3)o SCCo 598o andPurano v.o Ramo Bilas,o 2001(2)o RCRo (Criminal)o801o(SC)o:o2001(6)oSCCo338."o o ThisoCourtoalsooinospecificotermsoheldothato:o "theoconditionolaidodownounderosectiono437(1)(i)oisosineoquaonono forograntingobailoevenounderosectiono439oofotheoCode.oInotheoimpugnedo orderoitoisonoticedothatotheoHighoCourtohasogivenotheoperiodoofoincarcerationo alreadyoundergoneobyotheoaccusedoandotheounlikelihoodoofotrialoconcludingo inotheonearofutureoasogroundsosufficientotooenlargeotheoaccusedoonobail,oino spiteoofotheofactothatotheoaccusedostandsochargedoofooffencesopunishableo witho lifeo imprisonmento oro eveno deatho penalty.o Ino sucho cases,o ino ouro opinion,otheomereofactothatotheoaccusedohasoundergoneocertainoperiodoofo incarcerationo (threeo yearso ino thiso case)o byo itselfo wouldo noto entitleo theo accusedotoobeingoenlargedoonobail,onorotheofactothatotheotrialoisonotolikelyotoo

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9o o beoconcludedoinotheonearofutureoeitherobyoitselfoorocoupledowithotheoperiodo ofoincarcerationowouldobeosufficientoforoenlargingotheoappellantoonobailo whenotheogravityoofotheooffenceoallegedoisosevereoandothereoareoallegationso ofotamperingowithotheowitnessesobyotheoaccusedoduringotheoperiodoheowaso onobail."o o

8.o o Theo petitionero iso accusedo ofo committingo ao capitalo offenceo punishableowithodeathooroimprisonmentoforolifeoandoisofacingotrialotherein.o Theoinstantocaseopertainsotooaoheinousoandobrutalooffenceoofomurder,owhereino theo petitionero actingo ino concerto witho hiso co-accusedo iso allegedo too haveo attackedotheocomplainantoandotheodeceased,onamely,oMohammadoWadaoBalao Yousifo Ahmed.o Aso pero theo prosecutiono version,o theo assaulto waso noto spontaneousobutoconcertedoandoaoviolentoact.oWherein,ooneoofotheoco-accused,o namelyoAbhayoRajocommittedotheomurderoofotheodeceasedoandoalsooinflictedo injuriesoonotheochestoofotheocomplainantowhichowereosubsequentlyodeclaredo dangerousotoolifeoactotherebyoreflectingotheoferocityoandointentounderlyingotheo offence.o

9.o o Aoperusaloofotheorecordofurtherorevealsothatotheooffenceoallegedlyo committedobyotheopetitioneroandohisoco-accusedoisograve,oseriousoandoofoano aggravatedo natureo involvingo useo ofo deadlyo forceo ando resultingo ofo losso ofo humano life.o Additionally,o learnedo Additionalo Sessionso Judge,o Kapurthala,o whileodecliningotheobailoapplicationoofotheopetitioner,ovideoimpugnedoordero datedo 11.08.2025,o haso specificallyo observedo thato graveo ando seriouso allegationsosupportedobyoprimaofacieomaterialohaveobeenoattributedotootheo petitioneroandohisoco-accused.oo

10.o o Concededly,o thereo iso noo furthero challenge,o eithero byo theo petitioner-sideo oro State-side,o too theo aforesaido theo orders,o i.e.,o datedo

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16.07.2025opassedobyotheolearnedoJMICoandodatedo30.08.2025opassedobyotheo learnedo Additionalo Sessionso Judge,o Kapurthala;o consequently,o botho theo ordersohaveoattainedofinalityoandocarryopersuasiveovalueoatothisostage.oTheo argumentso raisedo ato baro giveo riseo too debatableo issues;o includingo whethero argumentoquaooffenceounderoSectiono190oofoBNSo(equivalentotooSectiono149o ofoIPC)ocanobeoraisedooronot,overacityotoobeoattachedotootheoCCTVofootage;o shallobeoratiocinatedouponoduringotheocourseoofotrialoandonotoatothisostage.oAso peroprosecutionocase,ototalo30oprosecutionowitnessesohaveobeenocitedoandoouto ofo which,o noneo haso beeno examinedo soo far,o thereby,o unequivocallyo demonstratingothatotrialoisoatoaonascentostage.oAsoperocustodyocertificate,otheo petitioneroisoinvolvedoinootheroFIR(s).oo

11.o o Theoallegationsoleveledoagainstotheopetitioneroareospecific,ograveo andowereodefined,owhichoprimaofacieoindicateohisoactiveoparticipationoinotheo commissionoofotheooffence.oInotheoconsideredoopinionoofothisoCourtotheoveryo magnitude,o brutalityo ando seriousnesso ofo theo crimeo clearlyo disentitleo theo petitionerotootheodiscretionaryoreliefoofobail.oInotheoconsideredoopinionoofothiso Court,oatothisostage,onooaccentuatingocircumstancesohaveobeenomadeowhicho may,oprimaofacie,oconstituteoaocompellingogroundoforotheograntooforegularobailo tootheopetitioner,oespeciallyoinolightoofotheogravityoofotheoallegationsoandotheo evidenceoonorecord.oItoalsoodeservesoemphasisothatooffencesoofothisonatureo strikeoatotheoveryorootoofopublicoorderoruleoofolawoandosocietaloconscience.o Granto ofo bailo ino sucho caseso mayo sendo ao wrongo signalo too societyo ando undermineo publico confidenceo ino theo administrationo ofo criminalo justice.o Furthermore,othereoexistsoaorealoandotangibleoapprehensionothatoifoenlargedoono

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11o o bail,o theo petitionero mayo abscondo too evadeo trialo oro attempto too influence,o threaten,o oro intimidateo prosecutiono witnesseso especiallyo wheno severalo materialowitnessesoareoyetotoobeoexaminedoandotheoprosecutionoevidenceoiso stillotoounfold.oo

12.o o Consideringotheooverallofactsoandocircumstances,oasodiscussedo hereinabove,othisoCourtofindsonoomeritoinotheopresentopetition.oAccordingly,o thisoCourtoisoofotheoconsideredoopinionothatotheopetitionerodoesonotodeserveo theoconcessionooforegularobail.oAccordingly,otheopetitionois,othus,odevoidoofo meritsoandoisoherebyodismissed.oo

13.o o Anyoobservationsomadeoand/orosubmissionsonotedohereinaboveo shallonotohaveoanyoeffectoonomeritsoofotheocaseoandotheoinvestigatingoagencyo asoalsootheotrialoCourtoshalloproceedofurther,oinoaccordanceowitholaw,owithouto beingoinfluencedowithothisoorder.oo

14.oo o Nothingosaidohereinaboveoshallobeoconstruedoasoanoexpressionoofo opinionoonotheomeritsoofotheocase.oo

15.oo o Pendingoapplication(s),oifoany,oshalloalsoostandodisposedooff.oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o ooo o oooooooo(SUMEEToGOEL)o o o o o ooooooJUDGEo Januaryo28,o2026ooJanuaryo28,o2026 mahavirooo o o Whetherospeaking/reasoned:o o Yes/Noo o Whetheroreportable:o o o Yes/Noo

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