Hari Singh v. Balvir Singh and Others

1o o INoTHEoHIGHoCOURToOFoPUNJABoANDoHARYANAo AToCHANDIGARHo o o Reservedoon:o11.08.2023o Pronouncedoon:o01.09.2023

HarioSingho ......Petitionero o o Versuso o o o BalviroSinghoandootherso ......Respondents

CORAM:oHON'BLEoMR.oJUSTICEoNAMIToKUMARo o Arguedoby:ooMr.oA.K.oGoel,oAdvocate,o o o forotheopetitioner.o o o o Mr.oN.K.oManchanda,oAdvocate,o o o fororespondentoNo.1.o o NAMIToKUMAR,oJ.o CM-13981-CIIoofo2023o

1.o o Thisoapplicationohasobeenofiledobyotheoapplicant-petitionero foro exemptiono fromo filingo certifiedo copieso ofo zimnio orderso datedo

21.05.2022o too 17.05.2023o passedo byo learnedo Additionalo Civilo Judgeo (Senioro Division),o Nihalo Singho Walao aso Annexureo P-5o ando foro permissionotooplaceoonorecordotrueocopiesoofotheosame.o

2.o o Allowedoasoprayedofor.ooAnnexureoP-5oisotakenoonorecordo subjectotooallojustoexceptions.o CR-3868oofo2022o

1.o o Thiso revisiono petitiono haso beeno filedo byo petitioner/defendantoNo.2ounderoArticleo227oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndiao

2o o forosettingoasideoorderodatedo21.05.2022opassedobyolearnedoAdditionalo CiviloJudgeo(SenioroDivision),oNihaloSinghoWala,owherebyoapplicationo filedo byo respondento No.1/plaintiffo undero Ordero 6o Ruleo 17o reado witho Sectiono151oCPC,ohasobeenoallowed.o

2.o o BriefofactsoofotheocaseoareothatorespondentoNo.1/plaintiffo filedo ao suito undero Sectiono 6o ofo theo Specifico Reliefo Act,o 1963o foro possessionoofolandomeasuringo5-1/4omarlasojadidosituatedowithinotheoredo lineoareaoofovillageoBilaspur,oTehsiloNihaloSinghoWala,oDistrictoMoga,o alongowithoconsequentialoreliefoofopermanentoinjunctionorestrainingotheo defendantsoandotheiroagentsofromodemolishing,oconstructingoorochangingo theonatureoofotheosuitopropertyoinoanyomanneroandofurtherorestrainingotheo defendantso fromo alienatingo theo suito propertyo byo wayo ofo selling,o mortgaging,o gift,o exchanging,o transferringo forcibly,o illegallyo ando withouto dueo courseo ofo law.o o Upono notice,o petitioner/defendanto No.2o appearedoandofiledowrittenostatementostatingothereinothatoheowasoownero inopossessionoofotheohouseoinoquestionoandowasoresidingowithohisofamilyo membersoinotheosaidohouseoforosoomanyoyearsoandodefendantsoNo.1oando 3ohadonooconcernowithotheohouseoinoquestion.ooTheotrialoCourtoframedo issuesoono30.04.2019o ando theo caseo wasoadjournedo too23.05.2019o foro evidenceoofotheoplaintiff.ooOno05.08.2019,oPW-1oJarnailoSinghoandoPW-2o Balviro Singho wereo presento ando examined.o o Ono 19.11.2019,o PW-1o JarnailoSinghowasocross-examinedoandoPW-2oBalviroSinghowasopartlyo cross-examined.o o Ono 05.03.2020,o PW-3o Jaswindero Singho ando PW-4o JasviroKaurowereopresentoandoexamined.ooPW-5oBalouroSinghowasopartlyo cross-examinedoandocaseowasoadjournedotoo19.03.2020.ooThereafter,odueo

3o o too Covid-19o pandemico outbreak,o theo proceedingso ofo theo caseo wereo adjourned.o o Ono 24.08.2021,o caseo waso adjournedo too 12.10.2021o foro cross-examinationoofoPW-2oandoPW-5oandotheocaseowasoadjournedoono variousodateoforotheosaidopurpose.ooRespondentoNo.1/plaintiffofiledoano applicationodatedo10.01.2022ounderoOrdero6oRuleo17oreadowithoSectiono 151o CPCo seekingo permissiono too amendo theo plaint,o whicho haso beeno allowedobyolearnedoAdditionaloCiviloJudgeoo(SenioroDivision),oNihalo SinghoWala,ovideoimpugnedoorderodatedo21.05.2022.o

3.o o Learnedocounseloforotheopetitionerocontendedothatotheotrialo Courto haso committedo graveo erroro ino allowingo theo applicationo ofo theo plaintiffounderoOrdero6oRuleo17oreadowithoSectiono151oCPCoseekingo amendmentoinotheoplaint,owhichoisoinoflagrantoviolationoofotheoprovisionso ofoOrdero6oRuleo17oCPC.ooHeofurtherocontendedothatoinotheopresentocaseo theotrialohadoalreadyocommencedoandoafterocommencementoofotrialotheo trialoCourtocouldonotohaveoallowedotheoamendmentoapplicationofiledobyo respondento No.1/plaintiffo aso ito waso noto maintainable.o o Heo furthero contendedo thato respondento No.1/plaintiffo haso nowhereo statedo ino theo applicationoseekingoamendmentoinotheoplaintothatoamendmentsosoughtotoo beo madeo ino variouso paraso ofo theo plainto wereo noto ino hiso knowledgeo initiallyoatotheotimeoofopreparingotheoplaintoandothatoafterodueodiligenceo thoseofactsocameotoohisoknowledgeolateron.ooHeofurtherocontendedothato respondentoNo.1/plaintiffobyowayoofoamendmentoisoseekingotooimproveo hisocaseoandosameocannotobeopermittedounderotheolawoandotheoimpugnedo orderoisoliableotoobeosetoaside.ooInosupportoofohisocontentions,olearnedo counselo foro theo petitionero placedo relianceo ono theo judgmentso ofo theo

4o o Hon'bleoSupremeoCourtoinoVidyabaioandoothersov.oPadmalathaoando another,o2009(1)oR.C.R.(Civil)o763;oJ.oSamueloandoothersov.oGattuo Mahesho ando others,o 2012(1)o R.C.R.(Civil)o 903;o Pandito Malhario Mahaleo v.o MonikaoPandito Mahaleo ando others,o (2020)o11oSupremeo CourtoCaseso549oandothisoCourtoinoCR-6484oofo2017o–oJagjitoSinghov.o JasmeroSinghoandootherso–odecidedoono05.05.2023.ooHeoalsoosubmittedo thato CR-5033o ofo 2022o iso pendingo ino thiso Courto betweeno theo sameo parties,owhereinochallengeoisolaidotootheoorderodatedo17.08.2022opassedo byotheotrialoCourtowherebyohisoapplicationofiledounderoOrdero7oRuleo11o CPCofororejectionoofoplaintohasobeenodismissed.ooThisoCourtohasostayedo theopassingoofofinaloorderobyotheotrialoCourtoandotheosameoisonowofixedo foro31.08.2023obeforeoaoCo-ordinateoBenchoofothisoCourt.o

4.o o Perocontra,olearnedocounselofororespondentoNo.1ocontendedo thatotheotrialoCourtohasorightlyoallowedohisoapplicationounderoOrdero6o Ruleo17oreadowithoSectiono151oCPCoseekingoamendmentoofoplaintoasoito waso necessaryo foro propero adjudicationo ofo theo mattero ando effectivelyo decidingotheocontroversyobetweenotheoparties.ooHeofurtherocontendedo thatonooprejudiceohasobeenocausedotootheopetitionerobyowayoofopresento amendment.ooHeofurtherocontendedothatoitoisomandatoryouponotheoCourtso too allowo allo amendmentso whicho areo necessaryo foro theo purposeo ofo determiningotheorealoquestionoofocontroversyobetweenotheoparties.ooHeo furtherocontendedothatopowerotooallowoamendmentoisowideoandocanobeo exercisedoatoanyostageoofotheoproceedingsoinotheointerestoofojustice.ooIno supportoofohisocontentionsolearnedocounselofororespondentoNo.1oplacedo relianceo ono theo judgmentso ofo theo Hon'bleo Supremeo Courto ino Abdulo

5o o Rehmano ando anothero v.o Mohd.o Rulduo ando others,o 2012(4)o R.C.R.(Civil)o 481;o Harshwardhano ando otherso v.o M/so Jaio Jalaramo Infrastructureo Firmo ando others,o 2018(5)o R.C.R.(Civil)o 831;o Lifeo InsuranceoCorporationoofoIndiaov.oSanjeevoBuildersoPrivateoLimitedo andoanother,o2022(12)oScaleo850oandothisoCourtoinoJaioSinghoDahiyaov.o StateoofoHaryanaoandoothers,o2016(3)oR.C.R.(Civil)o914oandoBakshisho Singhov.oAmaroSinghoandoanother,o2019(3)oPLRo141.o

5.o o Iohaveoheardolearnedocounseloforotheopartiesoandoperusedo theorecord.o

6.o o Amendmento ino pleadingso iso envisaged/o permittedo undero Ordero6oRuleo17oofotheoCiviloProcedureoCodeo(foroshorto'CPC'),owhicho isoreproducedohereinbelow,oandostipulatesothat:-oo "Theo Courto mayo ato anyo stageo ofo theo proceedingso allowo eithero partyo too altero oro amendo hiso pleadingso ino sucho manneroandoonosuchotermsoasomayobeojust,oandoallosucho amendmentsoshallobeomadeoasomayobeonecessaryoforotheo purposeoofodeterminingotheorealoquestionsoinocontroversyo betweenotheoparties:oo Providedo thato noo applicationo foro amendmento shallo beo allowedoafterotheotrialohasocommenced,ounlessotheoCourto comesotootheoconclusionothatoinospiteoofodueodiligence,otheo partyo couldo noto haveo raisedo theo mattero beforeo theo commencementoofotrial."oo

7.o o Fromoaoreadingoofotheoaboveoprovision,oitoisoclearothatoaso peroprovisootooOrdero6oRuleo17oCPC,onooapplicationoforoamendmento shallobeoallowedoafterotheotrialohasocommencedounless,otheoCourtocomeso tootheoconclusionothatoinospiteoofodueodiligenceotheopartyocouldonotohaveo raisedotheomatterobeforeotheocommencementoofotheotrial.oHowever,oino

6o o theopresentocase,oneitheroinotheoapplicationoseekingoamendment,onoroino theoimpugnedoorder,oisothereoanyostatementobyotheoapplicant/ofindingobyo theotrialoCourtotootheoeffectothatoinospiteoofo'dueodiligence'otheopleaso soughto too beo incorporatedo couldo noto beo raisedo byo respondento No.1o beforeotheocommencementoofotrial.o

8.o o Ao perusalo ofo theo impugnedo ordero revealso thato whileo allowingotheoamendmentoapplicationooforespondentoNo.1/plaintiff,otheo trialocourtohasomerelyoobservedoasofollows:oo "7.oAfteroconsideringoeverythingoonorecord,othisocourtoisoofo theo consideredo viewo thato allo theo amendmentso whicho areo helpfulo ino effectivelyo decidingo theo mattero ino controversyo mustobeoallowedoliberallyotooavoidodelayoandomultiplicityoofo litigation.oByowayoofopresentoamendmentoapplication,otheo applicant/plaintiffohasosoughtopermissionoofotheocourtotoo amendohisoplaint,owhichoisodetailedoinoParaoNo.3oofotheo application.oMoreover,ocross-examinationoofoPW-2oBalviro SinghoplaintiffoandoPW-5oBalouroSingh,omarginalowitnesso isoyetotoobeoconcludedoandorespondents/defendantsoshallo geto ano opportunityo too cross-examineo plaintiffo ando hiso witnessoPW-5oBalouroSingh,oquaotheosaidofactsomentionedo inotheoamendedoplaint.oo

8.oMoreover,oinoJudgmentoofoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoofo IndiaoinocaseotitledoasoBaldevoSingho&oOrs.oVsoManoharo Singho &o Anro 2006(2)o RCRo 265o lawo enunciatedo foro amendmentoofopleadingsobyoSupremeoCourtoisosummedoupo as:-oo

1.oo Courtsoshouldobeoextremelyoliberaloinograntingo theoprayeroforoamendmentoofopleadingsounlesso seriousoinjusticeooroirreparableolossoisocausedotoo

7o o

2.oo Wideopoweroandounfetteredodiscretionohasobeeno conferredoonotheoCourtotooallowoamendmentoofo theopleadingsotooaopartyoinosuchomanneroandonoo suchotermsoasoitoappearsotootheocourtojustoando proper.oo

3.oo Courtoshalloallowoamendmentoofopleadingsoifoito findso thato delayo ino disposalo ofo suito cano beo avoidedo ando thato theo suito cano beo disposedo ofo expeditiously.oo

4.oo Pleaoofolimitationocanobeoallowedotoobeoraisedobyo wayoofoamendmentoinowrittenostatement.oo

5.oo PowersoofotheoCourtoareowideoenoughotoopermito amendmento ofo theo writteno statemento byo incorporatingoanoalternativeopleaoofoownershipo inotheoapplicationoforoamendmentoofotheowritteno statement.oo

6.oo Eveno thereo wereo someo admissionso ino theo evidenceoasowelloasoinotheowrittenostatementoito wasostilloopenotootheopartiesotooexplainotheosameo byowayoofofilingoanoapplicationoforoamendmento ofotheowrittenostatement.oo

7.oo Beoaogroundofororejectionoofotheosameowhenonoo seriousoprejudiceoisoshownotoohaveobeenocausedo tootheoplaintiff.oo

8.oo Anoamendmentoofoaoplaint.oo

9.oo Courtso areo inclinedo too beo moreo liberalo ino allowingoamendmentoofowrittenostatementothano ofoplaintoandoquestionoofoprejudiceoisolessolikelyo toooperateowithosameorigouroinotheoformerothano inotheolatterocase.oo

10.oInconsistentopleasocanobeoraisedobyodefendantso inotheowrittenostatementoalthoughotheosameomayo notobeopermissibleoinotheocaseoofoplaint.oo

8o o

9.oInocaseotitledoasoAbduloRhmano&oAnr.oVsoMohd.Rulduo &oOrs.o2012o(4)oCCCo584o(S.C.)oitohasobeenoheldothatoao changeo ino theo natureo ofo reliefo claimedo shallo noto beo consideredoasoaochangeoinotheonatureoofoSuit.oPoweroofo amendmentoshouldobeoexercisedoinotheolargerointerestsoofo doingofulloandocompleteojusticeobetweenotheoparties.oItohaso beeno furthero heldo thato amendmento ofo pleadingso cano beo allowedoatoanyostageoofotheoproceedingsoinotheointerestoofo justice.o Maino purposeo ofo allowingo theo amendmento iso too minimizeotheolitigationoandotheopleaothatoreliefosoughtobyo wayoofoamendmentoisobarredobyotimeoisotoobeoconsideredoino theolightoofotheofactsoandocircumstanceoofoeachocase.oThiso courtoisoofotheoviewothatonooharmowouldobeocausedoifotheo applicationoisoallowed."o

9.o o Inomyoview,oasoperotheoprovisooabove,oitoisoincumbentoupono theo trialo Courto too returno ao categorico findingo thato "ino spiteo ofo dueo diligence,o theo partyo couldo noto haveo raisedo theo mattero beforeo theo commencementoofotrial."oInotheopresentocase,oitoisoclearofromoaoreadingo ofotheoaboveoexcerptoofotheoimpugnedoorder,othatonoosuchofindingohaso beenogivenobyotheotrialoCourt.oInomyoview,otheotrialoCourtowasoinopatento erroroinonotocomplyingowithotheoclearomandateoofotheoprovision.o

10.o o Hon'bleo Supremeo Courto ino Pandito Malhario Mahaleo (supra)hasoheldoasounder:oo "7.oInotheopresentocase,otheoCiviloJudgeohasonotoreturnedo anyofindingothatotheoCourtoisosatisfiedothatoinospiteoofodueo diligence,o theo partyo couldo noto haveo raisedo theo mattero beforeotheocommencementoofotrial.oInoVidyabaio&oOrs.ov.o Padmalathao &Anr.o [(2009)o 2o SCCo 409],o thiso Courto observedoinoparao19oasounder:oo "19.oItoisoprimalodutyoofotheoCourtotoodecideoasotoo RAVINDER SINGH whetherosuchoanoamendmentoisonecessaryotoodecideo

9o o theorealodisputeobetweenotheoparties.oOnlyoifosuchoao conditiono iso fulfilled,o theo amendmento iso too beo allowed.o However,o provisoo appendedo too Ordero 6,o Ruleo17oofotheoCodeorestrictsotheopoweroofotheocourt.o Itoputsoanoembargooonoexerciseoofoitsojurisdiction.o Theocourt'sojurisdictionoinoaocaseoofothisonatureoiso limited.o Thuso unlesso theo jurisdictionalo fact,o aso envisagedotherein,oisofoundotoobeoexisting,otheocourto willo haveo noo jurisdictiono ato allo too allowo theo amendmentoofotheoplaint."oo

8.oThereobeingonoofindingobyotheoCourtothatotheoCourtoiso satisfiedo ino spiteo ofo dueo diligence,o theo partyo couldo noto introduceoamendmentobeforeocommencementoofotheotrial,o theoorderoofotheoTrialoJudgeoisounsustainable.oTheoHigho Courtohasonotoadvertedotootheoaboveoaspectoofotheomatter.o Inoviewoofoaforesaid,oweoallowotheoappealoandosetoasideotheo orderoofotheoHighoCourtoasowelloasoofotheoCiviloJudge,otheo amendmentoapplicationostandsodismissed."oo

11.o o Theoimpugnedoorderoisothus,oclearlyovitiated,oandocannotobeo sustainedoforothisoreason.oo

12.o o TheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoinoVidyabaio(supra),ohasoheldo that:oo "7.oByoreasonoofotheoCiviloProcedureoCodeo(Amendment)o Act,o 2002o (Acto 22o ofo 2002),o theo Parliamento intero aliao insertedoaoprovisootooOrdero6oRuleo17oofotheoCode,owhicho readsoasounder:oo "Providedo thato noo applicationo foro amendmento shallo beo allowedoafterotheotrialohasocommenced,ounlessotheocourto comesotootheoconclusionothatoinospiteoofodueodiligence,otheo partyo couldo noto haveo raisedo theo mattero beforeo theo commencementoofotrial."oo

10o o Itoisocouchedoinoaomandatoryoform.oTheocourt'sojurisdictiono too allowo sucho ano applicationo iso takeno awayo unlesso theo conditionso precedento thereforo areo satisfied,o viz.,o ito musto comeo too ao conclusiono thato ino spiteo ofo dueo diligenceo theo partieso couldo noto haveo raisedo theo mattero beforeo theo commencementoofotheotrial.oo

8.oFromotheoorderopassedobyotheolearnedoTrialoJudge,oitoiso evidentothatotheorespondentsohadonotobeenoableotoofulfillotheo saidopre-condition.oo Theoquestion,otherefore,owhichoarisesoforoconsiderationoiso aso too whethero theo trialo hado commencedo oro not.o Ino ouro opinion,oitodid.oTheodateoonowhichotheoissuesoareoframedoiso theodateoofofirstohearing.oProvisionsoofotheoCiviloProcedureo Codeoenvisageotakingoofovariousostepsoatodifferentostagesoofo theo proceeding.o Filingo ofo ano affidavito ino lieuo ofo examinationoinochiefoofotheowitness,oinoouroopinion,owouldo amountotoo'commencementoofoproceeding'."o

13.o o Ao perusalo ofo theo aboveo judgmento showso thato theo thirdo conditionoprecedentoforopermittingoamendmentoisothatotrialoshouldonoto haveobegun.oAdmittedly,othisoconditionotoooisonotocompliedowithoinotheo presento caseo as,o ino theo presento case,o theo issueso wereo framedo ono

30.04.2019.o Therefore,o asoperotheo aboveopronouncement,o 30.04.2019o wouldobeo'theofirstodateoofohearing'.ooThereafterocaseowasoadjournedotoo

23.05.2019oforoevidenceoofotheoplaintiff.ooFromotheoperusaloofotheorecordo ito iso evidento thato fiveo witnesseso hado alreadyo beeno examinedo sinceo

05.08.2019.ooHowever,ooutoofothemoPW-2oandoPW-5owereostillotoobeo cross-examinedoandotheomatterowasoadjournedotoo12.10.2021oforotheiro cross-examination.oo

14.o o Fromotheoaboveofactsoitoisoclearothatotheotrialohadowelloando RAVINDER SINGHtrulyo commenced/waso underwayo ino theo presento case.o Thus,o theo trialo

11o o Courto haso passedo theo impugnedo ordero datedo 21.05.2022o wrongly,o illegallyoandoagainstotheoprovisionsoofoOrdero6oruleo17oCPC,ofor,oitohaso noojurisdictionotooallowoamendmentsoofopleadingsoafterocommencemento ofotrial.oByoreasonoofotheoCiviloProcedureoCodeo(Amendment)oAct,o2002o (Acto22oofo2002),otheoParliamentointeroalia,oinsertedoprovisootooOrdero6o Ruleo17oofotheoCode.oItoisocouchedoinoaomandatoryoform.oTheoCourt'so Jurisdictiono too allowo sucho ano applicationo iso takeno awayo unlesso theo conditionso precedento thereforo areo satisfied,o viz.o ito musto comeo too ao conclusiono thato ino spiteo ofo dueo diligenceo theo partieso couldo noto haveo raisedotheomatterobeforeotheocommencementoofotheotrial.oInotheopresento case,otheoLd.oTrialoCourtohasopassedotheoimpugnedonon-speakingoordero withouto considerationo ofo theo pleadingso ando returnedo noo findingo aso requiredounderoOrdero6oRuleo17,oCPC.oo

15.o o Beforeoparting,oreferenceomayobeomadeotooanotherorelevanto judgmento ino theo caseo ofo J.o Samuelo (supra),o whereino theo Hon'bleo SupremeoCourtohasoheldoasofollows:oo "12.oTheoprimaryoaimoofotheocourtoisotootryotheocaseoonoitso meritsoandoensureothatotheoruleoofojusticeoprevails.oForothiso theoneedoisoforotheotrueofactsoofotheocaseotoobeoplacedobeforeo theocourtosoothatotheocourtohasoaccessotooallotheorelevanto informationoinocomingotooitsodecision.oTherefore,oatotimesoito isorequiredotoopermitopartiesotooamendotheiroplaints.oTheo Court'so discretiono too granto permissiono foro ao partyo too amendo hiso pleadingo lieso ono twoo conditions,o firstly,o noo injusticeomustobeodoneotootheootherosideoandosecondly,otheo amendmento musto beo necessaryo foro theo purposeo ofo determiningotheorealoquestionoinocontroversyobetweenotheo parties.oHoweverotoobalanceotheointerestsoofotheopartiesoino

12o o pursuitoofodoingojustice,otheoprovisoohasobeenoaddedowhicho clearlyostatesothat:onooapplicationoforoamendmentoshallobeo allowedoafterotheotrialohasocommenced,ounlessotheocourto comesotootheoconclusionothatoinospiteoofodueodiligence,otheo partyo couldo noto haveo raisedo theo mattero beforeo theo commencementoofotrial.oo

13.oDueodiligenceoisotheoideaothatoreasonableoinvestigationo isonecessaryobeforeocertainokindsooforeliefoareorequested.o Dulyodiligentoeffortsoareoaorequirementoforoaopartyoseekingo toouseotheoadjudicatoryomechanismotooattainoanoanticipatedo relief.oAnoadvocateorepresentingosomeoneomustoengageoino dueodiligenceotoodetermineothatotheorepresentationsomadeo areo factuallyo accurateo ando sufficient.o Theo termo 'Dueo diligence'oisospecificallyousedoinotheoCodeosooasotooprovideo aotestoforodeterminingowhetherotooexerciseotheodiscretionoino situationso ofo requestedo amendmento aftero theo commencementoofotrial.oo

14.oAopartyorequestingoaoreliefostemmingooutoofoaoclaimoiso requiredotooexerciseodueodiligenceoandoisoaorequiremento whichocannotobeodispensedowith.oTheotermo"dueodiligence"o determinesotheoscopeoofoaoparty'soconstructiveoknowledge,o claimoandoisoveryocriticalotootheooutcomeoofotheosuit.oo

15.o Ino theo giveno facts,o thereo iso ao clearo lacko ofo 'dueo diligence'o ando theo mistakeo committedo certainlyodoeso noto comeo withino theo previewo ofo ao typographicalo error.o Theo termotypographicaloerroroisodefinedoasoaomistakeomadeoino theo printed/typedo materialo duringo ao printing/typingo process.o Theo termo includeso errorso dueo too mechanicalo failureooroslipsoofotheohandoorofinger,obutousuallyoexcludeso errorso ofo ignorance.o Therefore,o theo acto ofo neglectingo too performo ano actiono whicho oneo haso ano obligationo too doo cannoto beo calledo aso ao typographicalo error.o Aso ao consequenceo theo pleao ofo typographicalo erroro cannoto beo RAVINDER SINGH entertainedoinothisoregardosinceotheosituationoisoofolackoofo

13o o dueodiligenceowhereinosuchoamendmentoisoimpliedlyobarredo underotheoCode.oo

16.oTheoclaimoofotypographicaloerror/mistakeoisobaselesso ando cannoto beo accepted.o Ino fact,o hado theo persono whoo preparedotheoplaint,osignedoandoverifiedotheoplaintoshowedo someoattention,othisoomissionocouldohaveobeenonoticedoando rectifiedothereoitself.oInosuchocircumstances,oitocannotobeo construedothatodueodiligenceowasoadheredotooandoinoanyo event,oomissionoofomandatoryorequirementorunningointoo3o too4osentencesocannotobeoaotypographicaloerroroasoclaimedo byo theo plaintiffs.o Allo theseo aspectso haveo beeno rightlyo consideredoandoconcludedobyotheotrialocourtoandotheoHigho Courtohasocommittedoanoerroroinoacceptingotheoexplanationo thatoitowasoaotypographicaloerrorotoomentionoandoitowasoano accidentaloslip.oThoughotheocounseloforotheoappellantsohaveo citedomanyodecisions,oonoperusal,oweoareoofotheoviewothato someo ofo thoseo caseso haveo beeno decidedo prioro too theo insertiono ofo Ordero 6o Ruleo 17o witho provisoo oro ono theo peculiarofactsoofothatocase.oThisoCourtoinovariousodecisionso upheldotheopowerothatoinodeservingocases,otheoCourtocano allowodelayedoamendmentobyocompensatingotheootherosideo byoawardingocosts.oTheoentireoobjectoofotheoamendmentotoo Ordero6oRuleo17oasointroducedoino2002oisotoostallofilingoofo applicationo foro amendingo ao pleadingo subsequento too theo commencemento ofo trial,o too avoido surpriseso ando thato theo partieso hado sufficiento knowledgeo ofo otherso case.o Ito alsoo helpsocheckingotheodelaysoinofilingotheoapplications.o[video Aniglaseo Yohannano v.o Ramlathao ando Others,o 2005(4)o RCRo(Civil)o563o:o(2005)o7oSCCo534,oAjendraprasadjioN.o PandeyoandoAnotherov.oSwamioKeshavoprakeshdasjioN.o ando Others,o Chandero Kantao Bansalo v.o Rajindero Singho Anand,o2008(2)oRCRo(Civil)o801o:o2008(3)oRecentoApexo Judgmentso(R.A.J.)o83o:o(2008)o5oSCCo117,oRajkumaro RAVINDER SINGH Gurawardo (dead)o througho LRS.o v.o S.K.o Sarwagio ando

14o o Companyo Privateo Limitedo ando Another,o 2008(4)o RCRo (Civil)o824o:o2008(6)oR.A.J.o248o:o(2008)o14oSCCo364,o Vidyabaio ando Otherso v.o Padmalathao ando Another,o 2009(1)o RCRo (Civil)o 763o :o 2009(1)o RCRo (Rent)o 120o :o

(2009)o2oSCCo409,oManoKauro(dead)oByoLRSov.oHartaro SinghoSangha,o2011(1)oRCRo(Civil)o189o:o2010(6)oR.A.J.o 437o:o(2010)o10oSCCo512."o

16.o o oItoisothus,oclearothatotheotrialoCourtoisoinomanifestoerroroino allowingotheoamendmentoapplicationooforespondentoNo.1.oo

17.o o Hon'bleo Supremeo Courto ino "Revajeetuo Builderso &o Developerso Vs.o Narayanaswamyo &o Sonso &o Others"o Civilo Appealo No.6921o ofo 2009,o haso furthero cautionedo thato "Theo decisiono ono ano applicationo madeo undero Ordero 6o Ruleo 17o iso ao veryo seriouso judicialo exerciseoandotheosaidoexerciseoshouldoneverobeoundertakenoinoaocasualo manner".oo

18.o o Ino myo view,o ito iso adequatelyo demonstratedo hereinabove,o thatotheorespondent'socaseodoesonotofallowithinotheoabovesaidoparameterso laidodownobyotheoprovision,oand/oorotheolawolaidodownobyotheoHon'bleo SupremeoCourtoinothisoregard.oAccordingly,opresentorevisionopetitionoiso allowedoandoimpugnedoorderodatedo21.05.2022opassedobyotheotrialoCourto isosetoaside.oo

(NAMIToKUMAR)o

01.09.2023o o o o o o ooooooooJUDGEo R.S.o o Whetherospeaking/reasonedoo :o Yes/Noo o WhetheroReportableoo o :o Yes/Noo