Sarwan Singh v. State of Punjab

1o o o 207o INoTHEoHIGHoCOURToOFoPUNJABoANDoHARYANAoAToCHANDIGARHo o Dateoofodecision:oAugusto22,o2025o o SarwanoSinghoo ….Petitionero versuso StateoofoPunjaboo ….Respondento o CORAM:o HON'BLEoMR.oJUSTICEoSUMEEToGOELoHON'BLEoMR.oJUSTICEoSUMEEToGOEL o Present:-o Mr.oDeepanshuoMehta,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioner.oo o o o Mr.oJaypreetoSingh,oDAGoPunjab.oo o *****o SUMEEToGOEL,oJ.o(ORAL)oo o

1.o o PresentosecondopetitionohasobeenofiledounderoSectiono483oofotheo BharatiyaoNagarikoSurakshaoSanhita,o2023o(foroshorto'BNSS')o(439oCr.oP.C.)o foro granto ofo regularo bailo too theo petitionero ino caseo bearingo FIRo No.94o datedo

21.11.2023,oregisteredoforotheooffencesopunishableounderoSectionso21(C),o29,o 61,o85oofotheoNarcoticoDrugsoandoPsychotropicoSubstancesoAct,o1985o(foroshorto 'NDPSo Act'),o ato Policeo Stationo Saraio Amanato Khan,o Districto Tarno Taran,o Punjab.oo

2.o o Theogravamenoofotheoallegationsoagainstotheopetitioneroisothatoheoiso ano accusedo ofobeingoinvolvedo ino ano FIRopertainingo tooNDPSoActo involvingo allegedorecoveryoofo495ogramsoofoHeroinofromoco-accused,onamelyoEkamdeepo Singho @o Ekam,o ando theo petitionero haso beeno nominatedo ino thiso caseo ono theo disclosureo ofo saido co-accused,o ando 50o gramso ofo Heroino haso beeno allegedlyo recoveredofromotheopetitioner.oo

o o 2o o o

3.o o Learnedocounseloforotheopetitionerohasoiteratedothatotheopetitioneroiso ino custodyo sinceo 23.11.2023.o Learnedo counselo foro theo petitionero haso furthero submittedo thato theo mandatoryo provisionso ofo theo NDPSo Acto haveo noto beeno compliedowith,oandothus,otheoprosecutionocaseosuffersofromoinherentodefects.o Learnedocounselohasofurtheroiteratedothatosoleobasisotooarrayotheopetitioneroasoano accusedoisotheodisclosureostatementoofoco-accused,onamelyoEkamdeepoSingho@o Ekam.o Learnedo counselo haso furthero iteratedo thato theo petitionero haso sufferedo incarcerationoforomoreothano01oyear.oThus,oregularobailoisoprayedofor.oo

4.o o LearnedoStateocounselohasoopposedotheopresentopetitionobyoarguingo thatotheoallegationsoraisedoagainstotheopetitioneroareoseriousoinonatureoand,othus,o heodoesonotodeserveotheoconcessionoofotheoregularobail.oLearnedoStateocounselo hasofurtherosubmittedothatotheoinstantobailopleaoisobarredobyotheorigorsoofoSectiono 37oofotheoNDPSoAct,oandothus,otheosameooughtotoobeodismissed.oLearnedoStateo counseloseeksotooplaceoonorecordocustodyocertificateodatedo21.08.2025oinotheo Courtotoday,owhichoisotakenoonorecord.oo

5.o o Iohaveoheardocounseloforotheorivalopartiesoandohaveogoneothrougho theoavailableorecordsoofotheocase.oo

6.o o Theo petitionero waso arrestedo ono 23.11.2023o whereinaftero investigationowasocarriedooutoandochallanowasopresentedoono16.05.2024.oTotalo 17oprosecutionowitnessesohaveobeenocited,obutononeohasobeenoexaminedotillodate.o TheopetitionerohasobeenoimplicatedoasoanoaccusedoinotheoFIRoinoquestionosolelyo onotheobasisoofodisclosureostatementoofoEkamdeepoSingho@oEkam.oAsoperotheo prosecutiono version,o thereo iso noo othero materialo availableo too connecto theo petitionerowithotheocontrabandoexceptoforotheosaidodisclosureostatement.oItoiso

o o 3o o o pertinento too noteo thato sucho disclosureo statements,o ino theo absenceo ofo corroborativeoevidenceoholdolimitedoevidentiaryovalueoandocannotobeosoleobasiso foroimplicatingotheopetitioner.oTheorelianceoonothisounsubstantiatedostatemento raisesoseriousodoubtsoaboutotheofairnessoandoobjectivityoofotheoinvestigation.oItoiso notoinodisputeothatotheopetitionerowasonotopresentoatotheospot.oTheoveracityoando weightageorequiredotoobeoattachedotootheodisclosureostatementomadeobyotheoco-accusedowillobeofullyotestedoatotheotimeoofotrial.oTheorivalocontentionsoraisedoato Barogiveoriseotoodebatableoissuesoshallobeoratiocinatedouponoduringotheocourseoofo trial.oThisoCourtodoesonotodeemoitoappropriateotoodelveodeepointootheseorivalo contentions,oatothisostage,olestoitomayoprejudiceotheotrial.oNothingotangibleohaso beenobroughtoforwardotooindicateotheolikelihoodoofotheopetitioneroabscondingo fromotheoprocessoofojusticeoorointerferingowithotheoprosecutionoevidence.oo

6.1.o o Atothisojuncture,oitowouldobeoappositeotooreferotooaojudgmentopassedo byothisoCourtoinoAnshuloSardanaoversusoStateoofoPunjab,opassedoinoCRM-M-65094-2024o (2025:o PHHC:004198),o wherein,o aftero relyingo upono theo ratioo65094 2024 decidendio ofo theo judgmentso ofo theo Hon'bleo Supremeo Courto ino Tofano Singho versusoStateoofoTamiloNadu,oAIRo2020oSupremeoCourto5592;oSmt.oNajmunisha,o Abdulo Hamido Chandmiyao @o Ladooo Bapuo versuso Stateo ofo Gujrat,o Narcoticso Controlo Bureau,o 2024o INSCo 290;o Stateo byo (NCB)o Bengaluruo vs.o Pallulabido AhmadoArimuttao&oAnr.',o2022o(1)oRCRo(Criminal)o762;oandoVijayoSinghovs.o Theo Stateo ofo Haryana,o bearingo Specialo Leaveo too Appealo (Crl.)o No.(s)o 1266/2023,odecidedoono17.05.2023,ohasoheldothus:oo "6.3oo o Itoisoaowelloestablishedoprincipleoofolawothatoaoconfessiono madeobyoaoco-accusedounderoSectiono67oofotheoNDPSoActoisoinherentlyoao veryoweakopieceoofoevidence.ooSuchostatement(s),obyothemselves,ocannoto formo theo soleo basiso foro theo convictiono ofo ano individualo ando musto beo

o o 4o o o scrutinizedo witho utmosto cautiono ino conjunctiono witho othero substantiveo evidence.oMoreover,onoorecoveryohasobeenoeffectedofromotheopossessionoofo theopetitioner,owhoohasobeenosubsequentlyoimplicatedoasoanoaccusedosolelyo ono theo basiso ofo disclosureo statemento ofo theo co-accused.o However,o aso regularobailopertainsotoolifeoandolibertyoofoindividual,oCourtsoareoobligatedo toostrikeoaobalanceobetweenosafeguardingopersonalolibertyoandoensuringotheo effectiveo administrationo ofo justiceo aso alsoo investigation.o Theo finalo evidentiaryovalueoandoadmissibilityoofotheodisclosureostatementomadeobyoao co-accusedo fallo withino theo domaino ofo theo trialo Courto ando areo too beo adjudicatedoduringotheocourseoofotheotrialoinoaccordanceowithoestablishedo principlesoofolaw.oHowever,owhileoadjudicatingoaopleaofororegularobail,othiso Courto cannoto remaino obliviouso too theo circumstanceso undero whicho theo petitionerohasobeenoarraignedooroimplicated,oincludingotheonatureoofotheo allegations,otheoevidenceolinkingotheopetitionerotootheooffenceoasowelloasotheo specificoroleoattributedotootheopetitioneroinotheocommissionoofotheoallegedo offence.oAoprimaofacieoexaminationoofotheseofactorsoisoessentialotooensureo thatotheoprocessoofolawoisonotomisused,oabusedooromisdirected."o o

6.2.o o Indubitably,o theo presento petitiono iso theo secondo attempto byo theo petitionerotoosecureoregularobail.oTheolastobailopleaopreferredobyotheopetitionero wasodismissedoasowithdrawnoono30.04.2024.oHowever,okeepingoinoviewofurthero incarcerationoofotheopetitioneroforoaoperiodoofomoreothano03omonthsoandonoo substantialoprogressoinotrial,othisoCourtoisoinclinedotoofavourablyoconsiderotheo instantopleaoforobail.oAoprofitableoreference,oinothisoregard,ocanobeomadeotooao judgmento ofo thiso Courto passedo ino CRA-S-2332-2023o o titledo aso Rafiqo Khano versusoStateoofoHaryanaoandoanother;orelevantowhereoforeadsoasounder:oo "10.o o Aso ano epilogueo too theo aboveo discussion,o theo followingo principlesoemerge:oo Io Second/successiveo regularo bailo petition(s)o filedo iso maintainableoinolawo&ohenceosuchopetitionooughtonototoobeorejectedo solelyoonotheogroundoofomaintainabilityothereof.o o II.oo Sucho second/successiveo regularo bailo petition(s)o iso maintainableo whethero earliero petitiono waso dismissedo aso withdrawn/dismissedoasonotopressed/dismissedoforonon-prosecutiono oroearlieropetitionowasodismissedoonomerits.oo o IIIo oForo theo second/successiveo regularo bailo petition(s)o too succeed,o theo petitioner/applicanto shallo beo essentially/pertinentlyo requiredotooshowosubstantialochangeoinocircumstancesoandoshowingo ofoaomereosuperficialooroostensibleochangeowouldonotosuffice.oTheo metaphorico expressiono ofo seekingo second/successiveo bailo plea(s)o

o o 5o o o oughtonotobeoabstractedointooliteraloiterationsoofopetition(s)owithouto substantial,oeffectiveoandoconsequentialochangeoinocircumstances.oo o IVo oNooexhaustiveoguidelinesocanopossiblyobeolaidodownoasotoo whatowouldoconstituteosubstantialochangeoinocircumstancesoasoeveryo caseo haso itso owno uniqueo facts/circumstance.o Makingo sucho ano attemptoisonothingobutoanoutopianoendeavour.ooErgo,othisoissueoiso bestoleftotootheojudicialowisdomoandodiscretionoofotheoCourtodealingo withosuchosecond/successiveoregularobailopetition(s).o o Vo oInocaseoaoCourtochoosesotoograntosecond/successiveoregularo bailopetition(s),ocogentoandolucidoreasonsoareopertinentlyorequiredotoo beo recordedo foro grantingo sucho pleao despiteo sucho ao pleao beingo second/successiveopetition(s).oInootherowords,otheocauseoforoaoCourto havingo successfullyo countenanced/entertainedo sucho second/successiveo petition(s)o oughto too beo readilyo ando clearlyo decipherableofromotheosaidoorderopassed."o o

6.3.o o AoperusaloofotheozimnioordersopassedobyotheotrialoCourt,obroughto forthobyotheopetitioner,oindicatesothatotheotrialoisoindeedoprocrastinatingoandofollyo thereofocannotobeosaddledouponotheopetitioner.oAsoperocustodyocertificateodatedo

21.08.2025o filedo byo theo learnedo Stateo counsel,o theo petitionero haso alreadyo sufferedoincarcerationoforoaoperiodoofo01oyear,o08omonthsoando27odays.oInothiso viewoofotheomatter,otheorigoroimposedounderoSectiono37oofotheoNDPSoActostandso dilutedoinolightoofotheoArticleo21oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndia.oo

6.4.o o Thiso Courto ino ao judgmento titledo aso Kulwindero versuso Stateo ofo Punjabo passedo ino CRM-M-64074-2024o (2025:PHHC:002695);o aftero relyingo uponotheoratioodecidendioofotheojudgmentsoofotheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoino HussainaraoKhatoonovs.oHomeoSecy.,oStateoofoBiharo(1980)o1oSCCo81;oAbdulo RehmanoAntulayovsoR.S.oNayako(1992)o1oSCCo225;oJavedoGulamoNabioShaikho vs.o Stateo ofo Maharashtrao ando another,o 2024(3)o RCRo (Criminal)o 494;o Mohdo Muslimo @o Hussaino vs.o Stateo (NCTo ofo Delhi)o reportedo aso 2023o INSCo 311;o CriminaloAppealoNo.245/2020odatedo07.02.2020otitledoaso"ChittaoBiswasoAliaso Subhasovs.oTheoStateoofoWestoBengal";o"NitishoAdhikaryo@oBapanovs.oTheo

o o 6o o o StateoofoWestoBengal",oSpecialoLeaveotooAppealo(Crl.)oNo.5530-2022odatedo

22.08.2022o titledo aso "Mohammado Salmano Hanifo Shaikho vs.o Theo Stateo ofo Gujarat";oCriminaloAppealoNo.1169oofo2022odatedo05.08.2022otitledoasoGopalo KrishnaoPatrao@oGopalrusmaovs.oUnionoofoIndia,oandoAnkuroChaudharyovs.o StateoofoMadhyaoPradesh,o2024(4)oRCRo(Criminal)o172;ohasoheld,othus:oo "7.8.o o Theorightotooaospeedyoandoexpeditiousotrialoisonotoonlyoao vitalosafeguardotoopreventoundueoandooppressiveoincarceration;otoomitigateo anxietyoandoconcernoaccompanyingotheoaccusationoasowelloasotoocurtailoanyo impairmentoinotheoabilityoofoanoaccusedotoodefendohimself,obutothereoisoano overarchingosocietalointerestopavingowayoforoaospeedyotrial.oThisorightohaso beenorepeatedlyoactuatedoinotheorecentopastoandotheoratioodecidendioofotheo above-referredotooSupremeoCourt'sojudgmentsohaveolaidodownoaoseriesoofo decisionsoopeningouponewovistasoofofundamentalorights.ooTheoconceptoofo speedyotrialoisoamalgamatedointootheoArticleo21oasoanoessentialopartoofotheo fundamentalorightotoolifeoandoliberty,oguaranteedoandopreservedounderoouro Constitution.ooTheorightotoospeedyotrialobeginsowithotheoactualorestrainto imposedo ato theo timeo ofo theo arresto ofo theo accusedo ando consequento incarcerationo whicho continueso ato allo stages,o namely,o theo stageo ofo investigation,o inquiry,o trial,o appealo ando revisiono soo thato anyo possibleo prejudiceothatomayoresultodueotooimpermissibleoandoavoidableodelayosinceo theotimeoofotheocommissionoofotheooffenceotillotheocriminaloproceedingso consummateo intoo ao finality,o couldo beo averted.o o Theo speedyo trial,o earlyo hearingoandoquickodisposaloareosineoquaononoofocriminalojurisprudence.oTheo overcrowdedoCourt-dockets,otheoheavyovolumeoofoworkoandotheoresultanto pressureoonotheoprosecutionoandotheoPolice,oindubitablyokeepsotheoentireo criminalojurisprudentialomechanismounderostressoandostrain.ooHowever,othiso cannotobeoanoexcuseoforokeepingotheoswordoofoDamoclesohangingoonotheo accusedoforoanoindefiniteoperiodoofotime.ooItodoesonotoserveoanyocreditotootheo criminalo justiceo system,o rathero ito makeso foro ao sado stateo ofo affairs.o Theo guaranteeoofoaospeedyotrialoisointendedotooavoidooppressionoandoprevento delayo byo imposingo ono theo Courto ando theo prosecutiono ano obligationo too proceedowithotheotrialowithoaoreasonableodispatch.ooTheoguaranteeoservesoao threefoldopurpose.oFirstly,oitoprotectsotheoaccusedoagainstooppressiveopre-trialoimprisonment;osecondly,oitorelievesotheoaccusedoofotheoanxietyoando publicosuspicionodueotoounresolvedocriminalochargesoandolastly,oitoprotectso againstotheoriskothatoevidenceowillobeolostooromemoriesodimmedobyotheo passageo ofo time,o thus,o impairingo theo abilityo ofo theo accusedo too defendo himself.oItogoesowithoutosayingothatotheoconsequencesoofopre-trialodetentiono areo grave.o Accused,o presumedo innocent,o tillo proveno otherwise,o areo subjectedotoopsychologicaloandophysicalodeprivationsoofojail-life,ousuallyo underoonerousoconditions.oEquallyoimportant,otheoburdenoofodetentionoofo suchoanoaccusedofrequentlyofallsoheavilyoonotheoinnocentomembersoofohiso family.ooo o o o Thereoisoyetoanotheroaspectoofotheomatterowhichodeserveso considerationoatothisostage.oTheoallegationsoinotheopresentocaseorelateotoo accusedo beingo involvedo ino ano FIRo relatingo too commercialo quantityo ofo

o o 7o o o contrabandounderotheoNDPSoAct,o1985.ooWhileoconsideringoaobailopetitiono inoaocaseoinvolvingocommercialoquantity,otheoCourtohasotookeepoinomindotheo rigoursoenumeratedounderoSectiono37oofoNDPSoAct,o1985owhichomandateso thato Courtso cano granto bailo too ano accusedo onlyo aftero hearingo theo publico prosecutoroandoafterohavingosatisfiedoitselfoofotwinoconditionsowhichoareo reasonableo groundso foro believingo thato theo accusedo iso noto guiltyo ofo theo offenceocharged/allegedoandothat,oheoisonotolikelyotoocommitoanyooffenceo whileoonobail.ooTheostringentorigoursoofoSectiono37oofotheoNDPSoAct,o1985o musto beo meticulouslyo scrutinizedo againsto theo backdropo ofo accused'so fundamentalorightotooaospeedyotrial.ooTheorightotoolifeoandopersonalolibertyo cannotobeorenderedonugatoryobyounwarrantedodelaysoinotheojudicialoprocess,o particularlyowhereosuchodelay(s)oisoneitheroattributableotootheoaccusedonoro justifiedoatotheoendoofotheoprosecutionobyocogentoreasons.oAnoindividualo cannotobeokeptobehindo barsoforoanoinordinateoperiodoofotimeobyotakingo refugeoinorigoursolaidodownoinoSectiono37oofotheoNDPSoAct,o1985.ooTheo legislatureoinoitsowisdom,oinoorderotooensureospeedyoandotimelyodisposaloofo theocasesounderotheoAct,ohasoprovidedoforotheoconstitutionoofospecialoCourtso underoSectiono36-AoofotheoAct.ooHowever,othisoCourtocannototurnoNelson'so eyeotootheoprotractedodelaysoandosystematicoinefficiencyothatofrustrateothiso legislativeopurpose.ooAoCourtoofolawoisoduty-boundotooensureothatoitodoeso notobecomeocomplicitoinoviolationoofoanoindividual'sofundamentalorights,o notwithstandingoanythingocontainedoinoaostatute.ooWhileodealingowithobailo petitionoinoaocaseogovernedobyotheorigoursoofoSectiono37oofotheoNDPSoAct,o 1985,otheoCourtomustostrikeoaojudiciousobalanceobetweenotheolegislativeo intentotoocurbotheomenaceoofodrugsoandotheosacrosanctorightoofotheoaccusedo tooaofairoandoexpeditiousotrial.ooProlongedoincarceration,owithoutojustifiableo cause,orisksotransformingopre-trialodetentionointoopunitiveoimprisonment,o anooutcomeoantitheticalotootheoprincipleoofojusticeoandoequity.oo o o o Ergo,otheounequivocaloinferenceoisothatowhereotheotrialohaso failedo too concludeo withino ao reasonableo time,o resultingo ino prolongedo incarceration,oitomilitatesoagainstotheopreciousofundamentalorightsoofolifeo ando libertyo grantedo undero theo lawo and,o aso such,o conditionalo libertyo overridingotheostatutoryoembargoocreatedounderoSectiono37oofotheoNDPSo Act,o1985ooughtotoobeoconsideredoasoperofactsoofoaogivenocase.ooInoothero words,ograntoofobailoinoaocaseopertainingotoocommercialoquantity,oonotheo groundoofoundueodelayoinotrial,ocannotobeosaidotoobeofetteredobyoSectiono37o ofotheoNDPSoAct,o1985."o o

6.5.o o Further,oasoperotheosaidocustodyocertificateotheopetitioneroisostatedo too beo involvedo ino othero FIR(s).o However,o thiso factumo cannoto beo ao groundo sufficientobyoitself,otoodeclineotheoconcessionooforegularobailotootheopetitioneroino theoFIRoinoquestionowhenoaocaseoisomadeooutoforograntooforegularobailoquaotheo FIRoinoquestionobyoratiocinatingouponotheofacts/circumstancesoofotheosaidoFIR.o Relianceo ino thiso regardo cano beo placedo upono theo judgmento ofo theo Hon'bleo SupremeoCourtoinoMaulanaoMohd.oAmiroRashadiov.oStateoofoU.P.oandoanother,o

o o 8o o o 2012o (1)o RCRo (Criminal)o 586;o ao Divisiono Bencho judgmento ofo theo Hon'bleo CalcuttaoHighoCourtoinocaseoofoSridharoDasov.oState,o1998o(2)oRCRo(Criminal)o 477o&ojudgmentsoofothisoCourtoinoCRM-MoNo.38822-2022otitledoasoAkhilesho Singho v.o Stateo ofo Haryana,o decidedo ono 29.11.2021,o ando Balrajo v.o Stateo ofo Haryana,o1998o(3)oRCRo(Criminal)o191.oo o o Sufficeotoosay,ofurtherodetentionoofotheopetitioneroasoanoundertrialoiso notowarrantedoinotheofactsoandocircumstancesoofotheocase.oo

7.o o Ino viewo ofo above,o theo presento petitiono iso allowed.o Petitionero iso orderedotoobeoreleasedoonoregularobailoonohisofurnishingobail/suretyobondsotootheo satisfactiono ofo theo Ld.o concernedo trialo Court/Dutyo Magistrate.o However,o ino additionotooconditionsothatomayobeoimposedobyotheoconcernedotrialoCourt/Dutyo Magistrate,otheopetitioneroshalloremainoboundobyotheofollowingoconditions:oo

(i)o Theopetitioneroshallonotomis-useotheolibertyogranted.oo

(ii)oo Theopetitioneroshallonototamperowithoanyoevidence,ooralooro documentary,oduringotheotrial.oo

(iii)oo Theopetitioneroshallonotoabsentohimselfoonoanyodateobeforeo theotrial.oo

(iv)oo Theopetitioneroshallonotocommitoanyooffenceowhileoonobail.oo

(v)oo Theopetitioneroshallodepositohisopassport,oifoany,owithotheo trialoCourt.oo

(vi)o Theo petitionero shallo giveo hiso cellphoneo numbero too theo InvestigatingoOfficer/SHOoofoconcernedoPoliceoStationoando shallo noto changeo hiso cell-phoneo numbero withouto prioro permissionoofotheotrialoCourt/IllaqaoMagistrate.oo

(vii)o Theopetitioneroshallonotoinoanyomannerotryotoodelayotheotrial.oo

(viii)o Theo petitionero shallo submit,o ono theo firsto workingo dayo ofo everyomonth,oanoaffidavit,obeforeotheoconcernedotrialoCourt,o tootheoeffectothatoheohasonotobeenoinvolvedoinocommissionoofo anyo offenceo aftero beingo releasedo ono bail.o Ino caseo theo petitioneroisofoundotoobeoinvolvedoinoanyooffenceoafterohiso beingoenlargedoonobailoinotheopresentoFIR,oonotheobasisoofo hisoaffidavitoorootherwise,otheoStateoisomandatedotoomove,o forthwith,o foro cancellationoofohiso bailowhichoplea,obutoofo course,oshallobeoratiocinatedouponomeritsothereof.oo o

o o 9o o o

8.o o Inocaseoofobreachoofoanyoofotheoaforesaidoconditionsoandothoseo whichomayobeoimposedobyoconcernedotrialoCourt/DutyoMagistrateoasodirectedo hereinaboveoorouponoshowingoanyootherosufficientocause,otheoState/complainanto shallobeoatolibertyotoomoveocancellationoofobailoofotheopetitioner.oo

9.oo o Orderedoaccordingly.oo

10.o o Nothingosaidohereinaboveoshallobeoconstruedoasoanoexpressionoofo opinionoonotheomeritsoofotheocase.oo

11.oo o Sinceo theo maino caseo haso beeno decided,o pendingo miscellaneouso application,oifoany,oshalloalsoostandsodisposedooff.o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ooo o oooooooo(SUMEEToGOEL)o o o o o o o o o oooooJUDGEooooooJUDGE Augusto22,o2025oo mahavirooo o o Whetherospeaking/reasoned:o o Yes/Noo o Whetheroreportable:o o o Yes/Noo

o o