Rajwinder Kaur and Anr v. State of Haryana and Ors

INoTHEoPUNJABoANDoHARYANAoHIGHoCOURToAToo CHANDIGARHo o JudgmentoReservedoOn:o26.05.2023o JudgmentoPronouncedoOn:o18.08.2023o 202o o o o o o o o o oooooCWP-22904-2016oo RAJWINDERoKAURoANDoANR.oo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoORS.o …oRespondentso CWP-11228-2020o KAMARoJAHANoANDoORSoo …..Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoANRo o o o o o o o o o oooooooo…Respondentso o CWP-11253-2018o YOGITAoo o o o o o o o o o o …Petitionero VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSoo o o o o o o o o o oooooo…Respondentso o CWP-12192-2020o BIMLAoANDoORSoo o o o o o o o o o …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo o o o o o o o o o ooooooo…Respondentso o CWP-12463-2019o o NEELAMoRANIoANDoOTHERSoo o o o o o o o o o o …Petitionerso VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo ….Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -2-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-1386-2020o o AARTIoSHARMAoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSoo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso CWP-14749-2022o CHHINDAoSINGHoANDoORS.o …Petitionerso o o o o o o VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-14884-2022o POONAMoANDoORS.o …Petitionerso VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-15056-2020o RAJoKUMARoANDoORSoo ...Petitionerso VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoANRo …Respondentso o CWP-15493-2020o RADHAoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-16196-2018o SUKHWINDERoo …Petitionero VERSUSoo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-16223-2021o KANTAoDEVIoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -3-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o CWP-18097-2021o SARASWATIoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSoo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso CWP-1893-2019o CHARANJIToKAURoo …Petitionero o o o o o o VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoANOTHERo …Respondentso o CWP-19950-2017o NEERUo …Petitionero VERSUSoo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoORS.oo …Respondentso o CWP-20445-2022o o BIMLAoDEVIoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-21170-2020o SAJITAoDEVIoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSoo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-21437-2021o o BALWANToSINGHoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -4-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-21749-2021o o HEMAoRAMoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o o CWP-22613-2022o RANIoKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22639-2022o o GURTEJoSINGHoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-23164-2021o o GURWINDERoKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso CWP-23462-2022o RANJEEToKAURoANDoOTHERSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-23691-2022o o HARIKESHoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo o o o o…Respondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -5-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o CWP-23795-2021o o BABLIoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-24844-2018o BHOLIoKAURoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-25387-2022o SANTOSHoRANIoANDoORS.oo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-25528-2021o RAVINDERoSINGHoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso CWP-25932-2019o RAJINDERoKAURoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-26364-2021o o MANREEToKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o PUNJABoMUNICIPALoCORPORATIONoTHROUGHoITSoMUNICIPALo COMMISSIONERo …Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -6-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-26590-2021o o RAVINDERoSINGHoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o o CWP-26758-2018o HAKAMoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-10167-2017o BHUPINDERoKAURoANDoORSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-10768-2019o BHUPINDERoKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-11825-2022o PARAMJIToSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-11981-2022o MEWAoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -7-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-12144-2022o SARABJIToKAURoANDoANOTHERo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-12359-2019o o RADHAoo …Petitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-13085-2022o PARVEENoKAURoANDoOTHERSo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-13173-2022o PUSHPAoDEVIoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso CWP-13232-2022o SARABJIToKAURoANDoANRo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-14271-2020o CHARANJEEToKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-14610-2022o BABITAoANDoORS.o …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoANOTHERo o o o o…Respondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -8-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-14795-2018o USHAoKIRANoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSoo …Respondentso o CWP-14835-2022o SUKHDEEPoKAURoANDoORSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-15848-2022o MAMTAoDEVIoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-1585-2020o ANITAoRANIoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o o CWP-16058-2021o GURMEEToKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-16366-2018o o NIRMALoKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -9-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-16645-2021o KAUSHLYAoDEVIoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-16678-2021o KULDEEPoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-16681-2021o MANPREEToKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoANRo …Respondentso o CWP-16686-2021o MANJIToSINGHo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-16693-2021o ASHAoDEVIoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-16954-2022o SONIAoANDoORSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentsoo o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -10-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-1720-2019o AVTARoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-1745-2019o(O&M)o JASWANToKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-1749-2019o GURJANToSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-1761-2019o HARPREEToKAURoANDoANRo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentsoo o CWP-1767-2019o MANPREEToSINGHo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-17213-2022o NEELAMoJOSHIoANDoANRo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -11-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-17413-2021o HARPREEToKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoANOTHERo …Respondentso o CWP-17486-2021o MANDEEPoKAURoANDoORSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-17620-2020o LACHHMANoDASSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-1771-2022o ARTIoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-19173-2021o SURJIToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso CWP-601-2022o SURINDERoPALoANDoANR.oo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -12-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-1928-2021o NEERUoGOYALoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-19884-2021o BALJIToKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-20615-2021o(O&M)o MOHINDERoPALoSINGHo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORS.o …Respondentso o CWP-21482-2018o VIPANoKUMARoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-22083-2022o GURJEEToSINGHoANDoORSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22132-2020o NIRMALoKAURoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22214-2019o PARAMJIToSINGHo …Petitionero CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -13-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o UNIONoOFoINDIAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-22343-2022o SUBHoLATAoANDoANOTHERo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22558-2018o MADHUoJOSHIoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABo&oOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-2334-2021o POOJAoSOODoANDoORSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-23884-2019o ASHOKoKUMARoKAURAoANDoANOTHERo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-24402-2018o KULVIRoKAURoANDoOTHERSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-24921-2019o JASPREEToKAURoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -14-o 2023:PHHC:107430 STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-25223-2019o SURINDERoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-25742-2018o GURPREEToKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o o CWP-2610-2022o JASPREEToKAURoANDoOTHERSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-26317-2018o GURDEEPoKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-26522-2021o PREMoCHANDo …Petitionero VERSUSo UToCHANDIGARHoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-26786-2018o SALOCHNAoRANIo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -15-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o CWP-26811-2018o(O&M)o KULDEEPoKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-2769-2019o JASPALoKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-2783-2019o JARNAILoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-2811-2022o BALWINDERoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-2832-2019o SARBJEEToKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o o CWP-28350-2022o RANJIToKAURoANDoORSo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -16-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o CWP-2849-2019o SUKHWINDERoKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-30880-2018o CHARANJEEToKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-30901-2018o JASPREEToKAURo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABo&oOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-30910-2018o(O&M)o HARDEEPoKAURoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o o CWP-30941-2018o SANJEEVoKUAMRoDHINGRAoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso CWP-3149-2019o KAMALJIToKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -17-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-33731-2019o SAMTAoGARGoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-34051-2019o MEENAoKUMARIoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-359-2022o BHUPINDERoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-3621-2020o SATWINDERoKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-3626-2022o KALAoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-37085-2019o SUKHWINDERoKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -18-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-37284-2019o(O&M)o BAKSHISHoSINGHoANDoANRoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoANRo …Respondentso o CWP-3914-2022o VIMALoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-4784-2020o HARPREEToKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-4831-2020o RAJNIoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-5075-2022o SUKHPALoKAURoANDoOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o o CWP-5137-2022o SUKHPALoSINGHo@oMALIoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentsoo o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -19-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-5287-2020o PARKASHoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-5498-2020o SUKHDEVoSINGHoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-5864-2019o AMARJIToSINGHoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-6371-2020o SURINDERoKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-6602-2022o BALVIRoKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-6649-2021o CHARANJEEToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -20-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-6773-2022o SUNITAoRANIoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoANOTHERo …Respondentso o CWP-7443-2019o GURMIToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-15371-2021o SUNITAoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-15753-2021o JASPREEToSINGHoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-18167-2020o PARMJEEToKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-18570-2020o MAHINDERoKAURoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoCIVILoSECRETARIAT,oANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22277-2021o GURJEETINDERoSINGHoGILLoANDoANOTHERo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo o o o o…Respondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -21-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-22620-2021o SUKHVINDERoKAURoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-7689-2021o NIRMALJIToKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-810-2020o DHRITIoDHAWANoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-9395-2021o GURDEEPoSINGHoTHROUGHoHARJINDERoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-9763-2017o RAMoDULARIo&oORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo UToOFoCHANDIGARHo&oANRo …Respondentso o CWP-9876-2022o MEENAoRANIoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-27081-2019o MAJORoSINGHoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo o o o o…Respondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -22-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o CWP-27178-2019o JAPNINDERoKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-34631-2019o CHARANJEEToKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-34715-2019o PAMIoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-34943-2019o JAGDISHoKUMARo@oJAGDISHoDUBEYoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-3532-2022o NIRMALAoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-38213-2018o RENUoANDoORS.oo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoORS.o …Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -23-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-3986-2020o BHATERIoDEVIoANDoORS.o …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-4407-2022o VIMALoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-4625-2021o DELJEEToKAURoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoANOTHERo …Respondentso o CWP-5641-2021o PRAVEENoKUMARoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-5945-2017o MONIAoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-6554-2022o RAJoKUMARoMITTALoo …Petitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-9762-2022o VIJAYoKUMARoo …Petitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo o o o o…Respondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -24-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o CWP-17887-2022o UTTAMoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERo …Respondentso o CWP-21307-2020o MANJUoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-26011-2022o JARNAILoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-26480-2022o DHANNoSINGHoo …Petitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-26564-2022o MANJEEToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-26774-2022o GURPREEToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-27143-2022o BANTIoANDoORSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo o o o o…Respondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -25-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o CWP-27656-2022o BALJIToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-27893-2022o RAMANDEEPoKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-28997-2018o VEEROoDEVIoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSo …Respondentso o CWP-3264-2017o JASVIRoKAURoo …Petitionero VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABo&oORSo …Respondentso o CWP-37145-2019o JASBIRoKAURoANDoANOTHERoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-7134-2020o BHUPINDERoKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -26-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-7872-2021o MANPREEToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …Petitionerso VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo …Respondentso o 110oo o o o o o o o o CWP-11381-2023o KAVITAoRANIoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 205o o o o o o o o o CWP-20800-2017oo SATPALoANDoANRoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoANRoo o o o o ...oRespondentso o 208o o o o o o o o o CWP-10906-2018oo o KAJALoRANIoANDoANRo …oPetitionersoo VERSUSo o STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSoo ...oRespondentso o 209(1-2)o o o o o o o o CWP-19532-2018oo IOIN-CWP-19532-2018o NIRMALAoDEVIoANDoANRoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo CHANDIGARHoADMINISTRATIONoANDoANRoo ...oRespondentso 209(3)o o o o o o o o ooooCWP-30979-2018o BHUPINDERoKAURoANDoANOTHERo o o o o…oPetitionerso VERSUSo UToOFoCHANDIGARHoANDoOTHERSo o o o ...oRespondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -27-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o 210o o o o o o o o o CWP-23223-2018oo SMT.oSUDHAo&oORS.oo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoORS.oo ...oRespondentso 213o o o o o o o o o CWP-129-2019o o GURPREEToKAURoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso 214o o o o o o o o o CWP-2423-2019o POONAMoDESWALoANDoANOTHERoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSo ...oRespondentso 215o o o o o o o o o CWP-7490-2019o o GURTEJoSINGHoANDoANOTHERoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSo ...oRespondentso o 216o o o o o o o o o CWP-7653-2019o o HARPREEToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 217o o o o o o o o o CWP-10406-2019o o KUSHALAYAoDEVIoANDoANRoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSoo o o o o o...oRespondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -28-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o 218o o o o o o o o o CWP-12388-2019o o AMRINDERoSINGHoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso 224o o o o o o o o o CWP-31157-2019o o ANJALIoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo o o o ...oRespondentso o 227o o o o o o o o o CWP-2728-2020o o SARABJIToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 228o o o o o o o o o CWP-4559-2020o o PARAMJIToKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 229o o o o o o o o o CWP-6655-2020o o SUNITAoRANIoANDoANRoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSoo ...oRespondentso o 232oo o o o o o o o o CWP-22627-2020o VITOLYoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo o o o o...oRespondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -29-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o 233o o o o o o o o o CWP-790-2021o o SARABJIToKAURoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSoo ...oRespondentso o 234o o o o o o o o o CWP-2381-2021o o RAMESHoLALoANDoORSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 235o o o o o o o o o CWP-14923-2021o o LAKHWINDERoSINGHoANDoANRoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoANOTHERoo ...oRespondentso 237o o o o o o o o o CWP-19225-2021o o LOVEPREEToKAURoANDoORSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSoo ...oRespondentso o 238o o o o o o o o o CWP-20526-2021o o KIRANPALoKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -30-o 2023:PHHC:107430 239o o o o o o o o o CWP-22224-2021o o GURJEEToKAURoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 243o o o o o o o o o CWP-26961-2021o o SANTOSHoRANIoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 244o o o o o o o o o CWP-189-2022o o MONIKAoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 245o o o o o o o o o CWP-5341-2022o o VEERPALoKAURoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 101+251o o o o o o o o CWP-17095-2022o SUNITAoRANIoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 252o o o o o o o o o CWP-18262-2022o o SUKHJEEToKAURo …oPetitioneroo VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo o o o o...oRespondentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -31-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o 257o o o o o o o o o CWP-1349-2023o o KALAoSINGHoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso 258o o o o o o o o o CWP-2001-2023o o SUKHPALoKAURoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoORSoo ...oRespondentso o 261o o o o o o o o o CWP-2830-2023o o VIDHAoDEVIoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoHARYANAoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso 262o o o o o o o o o CWP-3142-2023o SURJIToSINGHoo …oPetitionero VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso 264o o o o o o o o o CWP-3411-2023o o SANDEEPoKAURoANDoOTHERSoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo UNIONoOFoINDIAoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso 271o o o o o o o o o CWP-5643-2023o o VEENAoRANIoANDoANOTHERoo …oPetitionerso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -32-o 2023:PHHC:107430 STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso o 273o o o o o o o o o ooooooooCWP-8169-2023o o HARJIToKAURoANDoANRoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo ...oRespondentso 276o o o o o o o o o ooooooCWP-10331-2023o o JAMEELAoANDoANOTHERoo …oPetitionerso VERSUSo STATEoOFoPUNJABoANDoOTHERSoo o o o ...oRespondentso o CORAM:oHON'BLEoMR.oJUSTICEoVINODoS.oBHARDWAJo ****o o Present:o Mr.oAmaninderoSingh,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-24921-2019oandoo CWP-27081-2019.o o Mr.oShivoKumaroSharma,oAdvocateoando Ms.oTejaswini,oAdvocateoforotheopetitionero inoCWP-790-2021.o o Mr.oVivekoSingla,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-8169-2023.o o Mr.oVarunoMittal,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-11381-2023.o o Mr.oJudgepreetoSinghoWarring,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-34715-2019o&o CWP-12192-2020.o Mr.oYagyaangoAjay,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-4625oofo2021.o o o o Mr.oJ.P.S.oSidhu,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-24844-2018.o o o Mr.oVinodoKumaroPolist,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oAmitoKhatkar,oAdvocateo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -33-o 2023:PHHC:107430 forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-16223-2021.oo o Mr.oKuldeepoSheoran,oAdvocateo foropetitioneroinoCWP-20445-2022.o o Mr.oR.S.oSidhu,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-3142-2022.o o Mr.oS.S.oBrar,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-34943-2019.o o Ms.oPooja,oAdvocateoforotheopetitionero inoCWP-5341-2022.o o Mr.oJohanoKumar,oAdvocateoando Mr.oGauravoAggarwal,oAdvocateo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-14884-2022o&o o o CWP-22904-2016.o o Mr.oRahuloSahrma,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oMandeepoSinghoSachdeva,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-12359-2019.o o Mr.oIshanoGupta,oAdvocateoforoo Mr.oGagandeepoSingh,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-3264-2017oando CWP-33731-2019.o o Mr.oChandanoSingh,oAdvocateo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-4407oofo2022o&o CWP-3914-2022oandoforotheorespondentsoinoCWP-23295-2021,o o CWP-9876-2022.o Mr.oHarishoGoyal,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-20526-2021.o o Mr.oAbhimanyuoBatra,oAdvocateo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-38213-2018,o CWP-15493-2020o&oCWP-23223-2018.o o Mr.oSandeepoKotla,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-21170-2020.o o o Mr.oMunishoKumaroGargo&oMr.oBhawnaoThakur,oo AdvocatesoforotheopetitioneroinoCWP-9762-2022.o o Mr.oAmitoKumaroSaini,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-14271-2020.o o Mr.oPawanoAttri,oAdvocateo foropetitioneroinoCWP-19950-2017.oo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -34-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o Mr.oKuldeepoKhandewal,oAdvocateo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-18097-2021o&o CWP-5945-2017.oo o Mr.oGouravoGoel,oAdvocateo foropetitioneroinoCWP-1771-2022.o o Mr.oPranavoChadha,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-9876-2022oando fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-2001-2023.o o Mr.oAnkushoRampal,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-6773-2022.o o Mr.oArpinderoSinghoSidhu,oAdvocateoando Mr.oAmitoRana,oAdvocateoforoMr.oG.S.oNahel,oo AdvocateoforotheopetitionersoinoCWP-23164-2021,o CWP-22613-2022,oCWP-22639-2022o&o CWP-22343-2022oandoCWP-22083-2022.o o Mr.oHarkiratoSinghoSandhu,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-5498-2020.o o Mr.oKaranoNehra,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWPs-18570,o6371,o18167,oo 6655oando4841oofo2020.o o Mr.oVishaloThakur,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-26364-2021.o o Mr.oVibhoroBansal,oAdvocateo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-34051-2019.o o Mr.oShamsheroSinghoGill,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-20615-2021.o o Mr.oS.P.oChahar,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-2423-2019.o o Mr.oYogeshoKumaroAneja,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-11825-2022.o Mr.oRajeshoBhatehja,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioner(s)oinoCWP-7689-2021o&o CWP-13085-2022.o o Mr.oAnishoVerma,oAdvocateooforo Mr.oParveenoK.oKataria,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-23884-2019.o o Mr.oD.S.oSidhsu,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-1585-2020.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -35-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o Mr.oIshitaoJain,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-3408-2023.o o Mr.oBSoJatana,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino CWP-11981-2022.o o Mr.oAnmoloSinghoVirk,oAdvocateo&o Mr.oJagdeepoSinghoVirk,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-13232-2022.o o Mr.oP.S.oDhaliwal,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-2728-2020.o o Mr.oAkshayoKumar,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oSherryoK.oSingla,oAdvocateo foropetitioneroinoCWP-1928-2021.o o Mr.oMunishoRaj,oAdvocateoo foropetitioner(s)oCWP-7443-2019oando CWP-22620-2021o&oCWP-28350-2022.o o Mr.oArvindoGalav,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-22214-2019.oo o Mr.oR.V.S.oChugh,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino o o CWP-10768-2019,oCWP-10406-2019,o&o o o CWP-12388-2019.o o Mr.oNiharikaoGupta,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-21482-2018.o o Mr.oAbhishekoSingla,oAdvocateoforo foropetitioneroinoCWP-14610-2022.oo o Mr.oSanjivoGoyal,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-15371-2021.o o Mr.oSukhmeetoSingh,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-6649-2021oandoo CWP-22277-2021,oCWP-5864-2019o&oCWP-6649-2021.o o Mr.oH.C.oArora,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-26758-2018,oCWP-26811-2018,o CWP-30491-2018,oCWP-1749-2019,oCWP-2767-2019,oo CWP-2783-2019,oCWP-3149-2019,oCWP-1745-2018,oo CWP-359-2022,oCWP-2849-2019,oCWP-30910-2018,o CWP-26786-2018,oCWP-1767-2019,oCWP-1761-2019,o CWP-22558-2018,oCWP-25742-2018,oCWP-30880-2018o CWP-1720-2018,oCWP-31157-2019,oCWP-601-2022,o CWP-19173-2021,oCWP-3621-2020,oCWP-37145-2019,oo CWP-30941-2018,oCWP-19884-2021,oCWP-26317-2018,o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -36-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-2769-2019,oCWP-27178-2019oandoCWP-25932-2019.o o Mr.oHPSoGhuman,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino CWP-26011-2022o&oCWP-26480-2022o&o o Mr.oDhiraj,oJindal,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino CWP-28997-2018.o o Mr.oRajwinderoSingh,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino CWP-27656-2022.o o Mr.ooVirenderoKumar,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino CWP-9763-2017.o o Mr.oL.S.oSidhu,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-189-2022oandoo fororespondentoNo.3oCWP-1771-2022,oo CWP-3626-2022oandoCWP-13282-2022.o o Mr.oIshanoThakur,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-25387-2022.o o Mr.oAjitoSinghoSodhi,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-4784-2020.o o Ms.oPromilaoNain,oAdvocateofororespondentoNo.4o-o PunjaboGauoSevaoCommissionoinoCWP-26758-2018,oo CWP-30880-2018,oCWP-27178-2019,oCWP-3149-2018,oo CWP-25742-2018,oCWP-24921-2019,oCWP-6649-2021,oo CWP-1928-2011,oCWP-10406-2019,oCWP-37145-2019,oo CWP-26786-2018,oCWP-30901-2018,oCWP-26317-2018o CWP-31157-2019o&oCWP-7872-2021oandoo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-13173-2022.o o Mr.oMunishoGarg,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-6602-2022o&o CWP-7490-2019.o o Mr.oSaurabhoKashish,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino CWP-17486-2021.o o Ms.oRiffioBirla,oAdvocateoforopetitionero inoCWP-2811-2022.o o Mr.oRajeshoBhatheja,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-13085-2022o&o CWP-7689-2021.o o Mr.oSahiloSoi,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-6554-2022,oo CWP-22132-2020o&oCWP-22122-2020.o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -37-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Mr.oAkash,oAdvocateoando Mr.oMunishoGupta,oAdvocateo ForotheopetitioneroinoCWP-12144-2022o&o CWP-2334-2021oandoCWP-2381-2021.o o Mr.oD.R.oKapoor,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oNikhiloBatta,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-19225-2021,oo CWP-16645-2021,oCWP-16693-2021oandoo CWP-22904-2016.o o Mr.oAngadoParmar,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oVivekoK.oThakur,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-27893-2022.o o Mr.oRajoK.oNarang,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-17887-2022.o o Ms.oRajnioBalaoRohilla,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oDineshoKumaroDakoria,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-27143-2022.o o Mr.oJasdeepoSinghoKailey,oAdvocateo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-5075-2022.o o Mr.oArmaanoGagneja,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioneroino CWP-26564-2022o&oCWP-3411-2023.o o Ms.oDikshaoGarg,oAdvocateoforo Ms.oRekhaoThakur,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-11228-2020.o o Ms.oJaspreetoKaur,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-5498-2020oando CWP-10906-2018.o o Mr.oS.K.oChaudhary,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-16366-2018oando CWP-22904-2016.o o Mr.oManuoLoona,oAdvocateoforopetitioner(s)oinoo CWP-810oofo2020oandoCWP-13173-2022.o o Ms.oAmarjeetoKaur,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-10331-2023.o o Mr.oR.K.oChauhan,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-17095-2022.o o Ms.oKiranjeetoKaur,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-22224-2021,oo o o CWP-1349-2023oandoCWP-5643-2023.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -38-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o o Mr.oGauravoSharma,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-4559-2020.o o o o Mr.oAmardeepoSinghoMann,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-2001-2023.o o o o Mr.oGauravooGoel,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-1771-2022.o o o o Mr.oS.S.oSwaich,oAdvocateoandoo o o Mr.oPritpaloSinghoSwaich,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-10167-2017.o o o o Mr.oSandeepoSuri,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-19532-2018.o o o o Mr.oSharadoChaudhary,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-5641-2021.o o o o Mr.oMohanoSinghoRana,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-21749-2021.o o o o Mr.oVarunoSharma,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-3532-2022.o o o o Ms.oIshitaoJain,oAdvocateoforopetitionero o o inoCWP-3408-2023.o o o o Ms.oGinnijetoMalhotra,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-30979-2018.o o o o Mr.oDheerajoNarula,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWPs-25528-2021,o o o 26590-2021oando14749-2022.o o o o Mr.oFatehoSaini,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-9764-2023.o o o o Mr.oDavinderoKumar,oAdvocateoforo o o Mr.oP.K.S.oPhoolka,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-7653-2019.o o o o Mr.oDeepakoChoudhary,oAdvocateo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-21437-2021.o o o o Mr.oAbhinavoSood,oAdvocateo o o Mr.oNiteshoJhajhria,oAdvocateoando o o Mr.oSiddharthoNandal,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-2830-2023oandoo o o fororespondentsoNo.1otoo4oando7oinoo o o CWP-26522oofo2021.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -39-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o o Ms.oA.K.oSandhu,oAdvocateo o o forotheorespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-8169-2023.oo o o o Mr.oS.K.oBokolia,oAdvocateoo o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-22627-2020o o o o Mr.oHarshoAggarwal,oAdvocateoo o o fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-12359-2019.o o o Mr.oHarshoChopra,oAdvocateoo o o fororespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-790-2021o o o o Mr.oB.R.oMahajan,oSr.oAdvocateowitho Mr.oPankajoMulwani,oDAG,oHaryana.o o o o Mr.oSauravoVerma,oAddl.oA.G.,oPunjabowithoo Ms.oNiharikaoSharma,oAAG,oPunjab.o o o Mr.oDheerajoKumar,oAdvocateoforoo Mr.oH.P.S.oIshar,oAdvocateoando Mr.oSawarnoSingh,oAdvocateoo fororespondentsoinoCWP-14795-2018oando CWP-16954-2022.o o Ms.oAnuoChatrath,ooSr.oAdvocateowitho Ms.oDivyaoSharma,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.6oinoCWP-4559-2020.o o Mr.oK.S.oSidhu,oSr.oAdvocateowitho Mr.oPraagbiroS.oDhindsa,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-1767-2019oando CWP-39901-2018.o o Ms.oManveeroKaur,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-19173-2021.o o Mr.oR.D.oBawa,oAdvocateowithoMr.oSamueloGill,oo AdvocateofororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-14923-2021.o Mr.oG.S.oChahal,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-3411-2023.o o Mr.oR.P.S.oBrar,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.6oinoCWP-10331-2023,o fororespondentsoNo.4oando5oinoCWP-17213-2022oando fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-13085-2022.o o Mr.oG.S.oBawa,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.6oinoCWP-27893-2022.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -40-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o Mr.oBirinderoPal,oAdvocateoforo RespondentoNo.7oinoCWP-3149-2019oando fororespondent-MCoinoCWP-1928-2021oandoo fororespondent-PunjaboGauoSewaoCommissionoinoo CWPs-26811-2018,o30941-2018,o2769-2019,o2783-2019,o 2849-2019,o5864-2019,o27700-2019,o17620-2020,o3621-2020o 9395-2021,o23164-2021,o359-2022,o11981-2022.o o Mr.oVishaloGargoandoMs.oRuchitaoGarg,o AdvocatesofororespondentoNo.3oinoCWPsoo No.11253-2018,o11228-2020,o15056-2020,o 9762-2022,o21749-2021,o23223-2018o AndofororespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-34631-2019oando CWP-16223-2022.o o Mr.oAdityaoDuggal,oAdvocateoo o o forotheoMC-respondentoinoCWP-22224-2021oando CWP-5643-2023.o o Mr.oAnkitoKumar,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-1349-2023.o o Mr.oA.S.oBains,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-14271-2020.o o Ms.oKavitaoArora,oAdvocateofororespondento No.4oando5oinoCWP-18570-2020o&o FororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-790-2021.o o Mr.oS.S.oChatrath,oAdvocateo FororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-28350-2022,oo CWP-27656-2022o&oCWP-7653-2019.o o Mr.oDharamviroSharma,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.6oinoCWP-21307-2020.o o Mr.oPuneetoKansal,oAdvocateoo fororespondentsoNoo3oando4oinoCWP-5287-2020o&o respondentoNo.3oinoCWP-16058-2021.o o Mr.oJ.S.oToor,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.4o&o5oinoCWP-4831-2020.o o Mr.oParminderoSingh,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-5341-2022o&o fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-2811-2011oando fororespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-11981-2022.o o Mr.oAbhilakshoGaind,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-37284-2019o&o fororespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-23164-2021,o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -41-o 2023:PHHC:107430 CWP-22627-2020o&oCWP-20526-2021oando fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-17095-2022.o o Mr.oVikasoChatrath,oAdvocateoo fororespondento–M.C.oBarnalaoinoo CWP-6602-2022ooandoforotheorespondent-o NHAIoinoCWP-3411-2023.o o Mr.oDharminderoSinghoRandhawa,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.3inoCWP-1761-2019oandoo fororespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-22343-2022.o o Mr.oSanjeevoSoni,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-10167-2017,oo fororespondent(s)oNo.2oinoCWP-22558-2018oandoo CWP-26786-2018oandofororespondentoNo.3oino CWP-22558-2018,oCWP-26786-2016,oCWP-31157-2019o&o CWP-16196-2018.o o Mr.oPrinceoPushpinderoRana,oAdvocateoforoo Ms.oMadhuoDayal,oAdvocateofororespondent(s)oo No.5oinoCWP-26758-2018.o o Mr.oAbhishekoMasih,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oSukhmanioPatwalia,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-30910-2018o&o fororespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-30880-2018.o o Mr.oVivekoChauhan,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-189-2022o&o CWP-23691-2022oandorespondentoNo.4oinoo CWP-2728-2020o&orespondentoNo.4o&o5oino CWP-20445-2022.o o Mr.oM.S.oVirk,oAdvocateoforo o o Dr.oPuneetoKauroSekhon,oAdvocateo o o FororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-7443-2019o&o CWP-25387-2022.o o o Mr.oGunjeetoSingh,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-4784-2020.o o Mr.oChetanoMittal,oSr.oAdvocateowitho Mr.oRaghujeetoSinghoMadan,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.3-NHAIoinoCWP-21437-2021.o o Ms.oRavishaoMahajan,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oMukuloAggarwal,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-27081-2022.o o Mr.oPardeepoSolath,oAdvocateoo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -42-o 2023:PHHC:107430 FororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-21307-2020.o o Mr.oAmanoPal,oAdvocateo fororespondent-UToinoCWP-26522-2021.o o Mr.oPardeepoSinghoTur,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oMohd.oYousaf,oAdvocateoforoo respondentoNo.2oinoCWP-5864-2019.oo o Mr.oGauravoMohunta,oAdvocateoando Mr.oYashasvioGoyal,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-9763-2017,oo CWP-19532-2018oandoCWP-30979-2018.o o Ms.oRojaoAgnihotri,oAdvocateoo forotheorespondents-MCoinoCWP-26011-2022o CWP-26408-2022oandoCWP-26961-2021.o o Mr.oPritpaloSinghoMiglani,oCentraloGovt.oCounseloo fororespondentoNo.1oando5oinoCWP-22214-2019.o o Mr.oAshimoVerma,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.4.oinoCWP-2610-2022.o o Mr.oPremoKumar,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-14795-2018.o o Mr.oJaivirooSingh,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oAshishoRawal,oAdvocateoo fororespondentsoNo.5oando6oinoCWP-26522-2021.o o Mr.oAkshayoRawal,oAdvocateofororespondentoNo.3o inoCWP-7134-2020.o o Mr.oRajeevoAnand,oAdvocateo fororespondent-CBI.o o Mr.oRohitoGupta,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-1386-2020.oo o Mr.oT.V.S.oLehal,oAdvocateofororespondentsoino CWP-25742-2018,oCWP-5498-2020,oCWP-6649-2021,o CWP-7689-2021,oCWP-7872-2021oandoCWP-15753-2021.o o Mr.oBaltejoSinghoSidhu,oSr.oAdvocateowitho Mr.oDivijoDatt,oAdvocateofororespondentoNo.4oinoo CWP-23795-2021oandofororespondentoNo.3oinoo CWP-9876-2022oandoCWP-10906-2018.o o Mr.oVijayoKumaroChaudhry,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-4784-2020.o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -43-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Ms.oDeepalioPuri,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNoo3oinoCWP-16366-2018o&o CWP-27178-2019.o o Mr.oMadhuoP.oSingh,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-2610-2022.o o Mr.oRajeoRamoKaushik,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-3986oofo2020.o o Ms.oGurpreetoKaur,oAdvocateoo forotheopetitionersoinoCWP-129-2019.o o Mr.oB.S.oToor,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-2832-2019o&o CWP-20800-2017.o o Mr.oVivekoSaini,oAdvocateoo fororespondentsoNo.4oando5oinoCWP-21170-2020,oo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-27143-2022o&o fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-2830-2023.o o Mr.oPadamkantoDwivedi,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-4625-2021o&o fororespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-22904-2016.o o Mr.oHarpreetoSingh,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.3o&o4oinoCWP-12463-2019,oo CWP-28997-2018oandoCWP-129-2019.o o Mr.oSakaloSikri,oAdvocateoforo Mr.oAnkuroMittal,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-38213-2018.o o Mr.oAshishoYadav,oAdvocateoo o o fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-3532-2022oando o o fororespondentoNo.4oinoCWP-21307-2020.o o Mr.oRameshoSharma,oAdvocateo fororespondentoNo.1-UOIoinoCWP-3411-2023.o Mr.oArunjeetoSinghoKakkar,oAdvocateoo foroRespondentoNo.5oinoCWP-22639-2022,o o o CWP-22083-2022o&oCWP-22613-2022oando o o fororespondentoNo.2oinoCWP-2334-2021o&o fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-12144-2022o&o CWP-2381-2021.o o Mr.VishaloSauda,oAdvocateoforoo Mr.oJagdishoManchanda,oAdvocateoandoo Mr.oNishchaloManchanda,oAdvocateo fororespondentsoNo.2oinoCWP-5945oofo2017o&o fororespondent(s)oinoCWP-25528-2021,oCWP-26590-2019,o CWP-34943-2019oandoCWP-5641-2021o o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -44-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Mr.oRishabhoGupta,oAdvocateoo fororespondentoNo.3oinoCWP-24844-2018.o&o o o forotheopetitioneroinoCWP-20800-2017.o ****o VINODoS.oBHARDWAJ.oJ.o o o Aobunchoofo193ocasesoisobeingodecidedobyoaocommonojudgment,o withotheoconsentoofocounseloforotheoparties,oasotheocounseloagreeothatocontroversyo involvedohereinoisoidentical.o o o Theo issueo thato ariseso ino thiso batcho ofo writo petitionso relateso too paymento ofo compensationo too theo victims/o familieso ofo victimso foro theo incidents/accidentso thato haveo takeno placeo ono publico streets/o publico roadso ono accountoofoanyoofotheofollowing:-o

(i)o Incidents/accidentso resultingo ino death/injuryo causedo dueo too stray/wildoanimalosuddenlyocomingoonoroadoand/oroinofrontoofotheo vehicleo (mayo beo ono accounto ofo preventiveo actiono takeno byo theo driver/orider),obutowithoutoinvolvementoofoanyootheromotorovehicle;o

(ii)o Death/injuryo causedo dueo too stray/wildo animalo collidingo oro impactingowithotheovehicle;o

(iii)o Death/injuryo causedo aso ao resulto ofo theo vehicleso hittingo intoo anyo otherovehicleobecauseoofostray/wildoanimalocomingoinofrontoofotheo vehicle;o o o Ancillaryopointsothatoariseoforotheoconsiderationoofothisocourtoforo adjudicationoofootheopresentobunchoofowritopetitionsoareoasotoowhether:o

(i)o Whethero doctrineo ofo stricto liabilityo wouldo applyo ono incidents/accidentsodueotoostray/wildoanimalsoonoroadsoandopublico streetsofasteningotheoliabilityoonotheoState?o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -45-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(ii)o Whetheroclaimoforocompensation/financialoassistanceocanobeomadeo onlyo byo wayo ofo ao writo petitiono ino theo absenceo ofo anyo statutoryo regulationsoorothereoisoalternativeomechanism?o

(iii)o Whicho agencyo oro authorityo oughto too beo heldo liableo foro compensationo ando theo procedureo requiredo too beo followedo foro computationoofocompensation?o o o Aolargeonumberoofocasesoareobeingofiled,odrawingotheoconcernoando attentionoofotheoCourt,owhereoinjured/heirsoofodeceasedohaveoapproachedotheo Higho Courtoundero Articleso 226/227o ofotheo Constitutiono ofo Indiao foro seekingo compensationo foro accidentso resultingo ino death/injurieso (fatal/non-fatal)o eithero directlyodueotoocollisionowithostray/wildoanimaloand/oroindirectlyoasoaoresultoofo theoincidents/accidentsooccurringodueotoostray/wildoanimal.oo o o Whileorespondingotootheoqueryoasotoowhyotheoclaimantsoapproacho theoHighoCourtoandonotofileoaoclaimopetitionobeforeotheocivilocourts,otheoclaimantso haveocitedotheofollowingoreasons:o

(a)o Theoabsenceoofostatutoryopolicy/frameoworkoprovidingoaouniformo criterionoforodeterminationoofocompensation;o

(b)o Theocommonolawo/CiviloCourtoremedyoisoperceivedoasoinefficient;o ineffectiveoandoincapableoofodeliveringoexpeditiousoandoreasonableo compensation.o

(c)o InotheoeventoofoapproachingotheoCiviloCourt,oanoad-valoremoCourto feeoisorequiredotoobeopaidobyotheoclaimantoandomanyotimes,otheo familiesoofotheovictimsoareonotoinoaopositionotooaffordopaymentoofo ad-valoremo Courto fee.o Theo applicationo foro filingo theo suito aso ao pauperoisooftenodelayedodueotoomultipleoconditionsoandorestrictionso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -46-o 2023:PHHC:107430 ando delayso ino obtainingo certificateso fromo theo administrativeo authorities.ooo

(d)o Theo policeo usuallyo doo noto conducto anyo inquiryo regardingo theo incidentsoreportingoinjuriesocausedobyoaccidentodueotoostray/wildo animal.oConsequentlyonooMLRoisopreparedobyotheoCiviloHospitalso forowantooforeferenceobyotheopolice.oTheoclaimantothusohasotoofaceo numerouso hardshipso ino establishingo thato injurieso (fatal/non-fatal)o areo ono accounto ofo theo incidents/accidentso causedo directlyo oro indirectlyodueotoostray/wildoanimaloimpairingotheoprospectsoofoaofairo compensation.oo o o Inoorderotooovercomeotheoaboveochallenges,otheoclaimantsoprefero approachingo theo Higho Courto foro seekingo adequateo compensation.o Theo Higho Courto iso thuso noto onlyo requiredo too ascertaino theo factualo aspectso buto alsoo too determineo compensationo througho summaryo proceedingso exercisingo equitableo jurisdiction.o Eveno thougho thereo mayo noto appearo anyo illegalityo ino ao claimanto approachingo theo Higho Courto foro seekingo compensation,o however,o theo sameo usuallyodelaysodeliveryoofojusticeotootheoclaimantoasoinolargeonumberoofosucho cases,odisputedoquestionsoofofactoariseowhichocannotobeodeterminedobyoHigho Court.oTheosaidoprocessocausesocloggingoofotheocourtoprocessowitholitigationothato shouldohaveootherwiseobeenoinstitutedobeforeotheoproperocourt.oTheoclaimanto thusoisonotoonlyoburdenedowithonon-productiveolitigationobutomayoalsoobeoalluredo tooinstituteocasesothatoareoofonoohelpotoothemoandoonlyodelaysotheirorelief.oo Itoisofurtheronoticedofromotheojudgmentsocitedobeforeothisocourtothatoeveno inocasesowhereotheocompensationohasobeenoawarded,othereoisoaohugeodisparity,o whicho sucho disparityo iso perceivedo byo theo layman/o litiganto aso arbitraryo ando CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -47-o 2023:PHHC:107430 TheocasesopertainotootheoincidentsothatohaveooccurredoinotheoStatesoofo Punjab,oHaryanaoasowelloasoUT,oChandigarhoandoaboutotheoaccidentsothatohaveo occurredoonotheoState/oNationaloHighways;omunicipalostreets/roadsoasowelloasotheo streets/roadso outsideo theo Municipalities.o Involvemento ofo differento Stateo agencies,o ono whomo theo dutyo mayo beo cast,o itselfo createso ao confusiono too theo victimsoasotheyoareooftenocluelessoaboutotheoAuthorityotheyoshouldoapproachoforo grantoofocompensation.oFurther,oevenoifotheostateohasoanyopolicy,otheosameoareo notomadeoknownotooaolitigantoandoevenotheofinancialoassistanceoisopetty.oo Inoviewoofotheoabove,oitohasobecomeoimperativeoforothisoCourtotooexamineo theosaidoissuesotogetheroandotooassessotheoviabilityodifferentooptionsoavailableotoo ao litiganto ando too issueo appropriateo guidelines/directionso foro expeditiouso adjudicationoofosuchocasesoonouniformocriteriaoandoguidelinesooknownotooallotheo stakeoholders,oatotheodoorstepoofotheoclaimant.oo o o Eveno thougho theo factso ino theseo matterso areo inconsequential,o however,otheofactsofromooneopetitionoeachorelatingotootheostray/wildoanimaloando forotheorespectiveoStates/NHAIoareobeingoreferredotooforotheofacilityooforeference.o LEADoCASEoFORoTHEoSTATEoOFoHARYANAo o o TheofactsoinomattersopertainingotooStateoofoHaryanaoregardingotheo incidentsodueotoostray/wildoanimaloareoculledooutofromoCWPoNo.22904oofo2016o titledoaso'RajwinderoKauroandoanotheroVs.oStateoofoHaryanaoandoothers'.ooTheo petitionerso ino theo saido caseo haveo claimedo compensationo too theo tuneo ofo Rs.50,00,000/-oonoaccountoofodeathoofoSatwantoSingh-ohusbandoofopetitionero No.1oandofatheroofopetitioneroNo.2oofailureoonodueotootheopartoofotheoMunicipalo Authoritiesotookeeporoadsowithinoitsolimitsofreeofromostrayocattle.oItoisoaverredo thato deceasedo Satwanto Singho (Belto No.E/2925o PTL)o waso employedo aso ao constableo ino Punjabo Policeo Lines,o Patialao ando waso agedo 32o years.o Ono CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -48-o 2023:PHHC:107430

03.08.2016,o theo deceasedo Satwanto Singho hado comeo too Sirsao too takeo theo petitionersoandoalsootoomeetohisosisteroresidingothere.oTheodeceasedostartedoonohiso motorcycleo bearingo registrationo No.PB-11BJ-0729o ato aroundo 11.00o A.M.o foro goingotooVillageoVaidwala,oTehsiloandoDistrictoSirsa.oWhenoheoreachedonearo Govt.oSchoolonearovillageoKhairpuroonoSirsa-Hisaroroado(withinotheoMColimitsoofo Sirsa)oaostrayoanimalosuddenlyocameofromotheosideostreetoandostruckoagainstotheo motorcycleoofotheodeceased.oResultantly,oheofellodownoonotheoroadoandoreceivedo seriousoheadoinjuries.oHeowasobroughtotootheoCiviloHospitalowhereoheosuccumbedo tootheoinjuriesoreceivedobyohim.oAopostmortemoofotheodeceasedowasoconductedo andotheoinformationofurnishedobyotheopoliceowasothatotheoinjuriesoonotheoheado wereoasoaoresultoofofallingofromotheomotorcycle.oTheosaidoinjuriesoareostatedotoobeo sufficientotoocauseodeathoinotheoordinaryocourseoofonature.oAoDDRoNo.15odatedo

03.08.2016o(wronglyomentionedoaso03.08.2015)owasoalsoorecordedobyotheopoliceo andoinquestoreportounderoSectiono174oCr.P.C.oalongwithostatementsoofowitnesses,o wasosubsequentlyoprepared.oItohasobeenorecordedoinotheoaboveosaidoDDRothatotheo apparentocauseoofodeathowasodueotooinjuriesocausedobyocollisionoofostrayoanimalo witho theo motorcycle.o Ito iso pleadedo thato theo residentso ofo theo cityo hado beeno repeatedlyo demandingo removalo ofo strayo animalso fromo streetso ando hado beeno repeatedlyorequestingoforotheosameotootheoMunicipaloAuthoritiesoasowelloasotheo officeo bearers.o However,o noo substantiveo effortso wereo madeo byo theo Localo Authorities,o despiteo beingo obligatedo too ensureo removalo ofo sucho stray/wildo animal/cattleofromotheostreetsoreflectingodisregardotoohumanolife.o o o ItoisofurtheroaverredothatotheoHaryanaoMunicipaloAct,o1973oimposeso dutyoonotheoLocaloBodies/Authoritiesotookeepotheomunicipalolimitsofreeofromo stray/wildo animal/cattleo ando anyo othero kindo ofo nuisanceo arisingo therefrom.oo However,o theo Authoritieso haveo neglectedo too ensureo dischargeo ofo theiro CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -49-o 2023:PHHC:107430 obligationsoandoinotheosaidolapse,oinnocentolivesoareolostoeveryonowoandothen.oIto isoclaimedothatotheodeceasedowasoonlyo32oyearsoofoageoasoonotheodateoofohisodeatho andowasoemployedoasoConstableowithoPunjaboPoliceoandowasodrawingotheosalaryo ofoRs.35,000/-operomonth.oHeohadohighofutureoprospectsowhileoinoGovt.oJoboando hadoaosubsistingoserviceoofomoreothano28oyearsoasoonotheodateoofotheoincident.oAo noticeounderoSectiono80oofotheoC.P.C.,o1908oclaimingocompensationohadoalsoo beeno sento ono behalfo ofo theo petitioners,o however,o noo actiono haso beeno takeno thereupon.oWritopetitionowasoaccordinglyofiledobyotheopetitioners.o o o oAoshortoreplyobyoKamaloKumar,oChiefoTownoPlanneroofoHaryanao hadobeenofiledoonobehalfooforespondentsoNo.1oando3,owhereinotheodepartmentoofo TownoandoCountryoPlanningosubmittedothatotheoworkooforemoval/takingocareoofo strayoanimalsofallsounderotheojurisdictionoofotheoconcernedoMunicipaloAuthorityo ando thato variouso Gaushalaso ando Nandishalaso haveo beeno constructedo byo theo MunicipaloAuthoritiesoforocheckingotheomenaceoofostrayoanimal.oTheoprayeroforo grantoofocompensationoonotheoaccountoofodeathoofoSatwantoSinghoisothusorequiredo too beo respondedo byo theo Municipalo Authority-cum-Secretary,o Urbano Development,oHaryana.oo o o Ao separateo writteno statemento ono behalfo ofo respondento No.4-o Municipalo Council,o Sirsao hado alsoo beeno filedo througho itso Executiveo Officer,o whereinoanoobjectionohasobeenoraisedothatotheoissueoaboutotheocauseoofodeathoando theocompensationoisorequiredotoobeodeterminedobyoleadingosubstantialoevidenceo andotheosameocannotobeoadjudicatedoinowritoproceedings,oasoitoinvolvesodisputedo questionsoofofact.ooItobeingocaseoofocivilowrongoatobest,olitigationounderotheoLawo ofoTortsocanobeoinstituted.oOnlyoafteroaotrial,ocanoitobeodeterminedoasotoowhethero theoallegedoincidentowasocausedodueotoofaultoonotheopartoofotheodeceasedooroinotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -50-o 2023:PHHC:107430 manneroasoalleged.oNoolapseocanobeopresumedotoohaveobeenocommittedobyotheo MunicipaloCouncil.oPrayerowasothusomadeoforodismissaloofotheowritopetition.o LEADoCASEoFORoTHEoSTATEoOFoPUNJABo o o Inorelationotootheocasesoinstitutedoforotheoaccidents/incidentsothato haveotakenoplaceoinotheoStateoofoPunjab,otheofactsoareoreferredotoofromoCWP-26758-2018otitledoaso'HakamoSinghoVersusoStateoofoPunjaboandoothers'.o o o Theo petitionero ino theo aboveo caseo haso claimedo compensationo ofoo Rs.30,00,000/-odueotootheoinjuriesosufferedobyo25oyearsooldoHarinderoSinghosono ofotheopetitioneroinoanoaccidentoofohisomotorcycleodueotoostrayoanimal,oonotheo outskirtsoofoSamanaoandofallingoinotheocloseovicinityoofoMunicipaloCorporationo Samana.oAsoaoresultoofoheadoinjuryosustainedobyopetitioner'soson,oheolostohiso memoryoandohasotoobeokeptoinoconstantocareoandoprotection.oItoisoaverredothato PunjaboGauoSewaoCommission,oamongstoothers,oisoalsoounderolegaloobligationotoo takeocareoofostrayoanimalsoandohavingofailedotoofulfilloitsoobligation,otheosaido Commissionoisoalsooliableotoocompensateotheopetitioneroalongowithotheoothero departments.o Ito haso beeno averredo thato theo Punjabo Gauo Sewao Commissiono collectsocowocessoonovariousoitems/servicesoandowhenosuchocess/chargeoisobeingo collectedotoolookoafterostrayocattle,otheoobligation/oresponsibilityoforolapseoisoalsoo toobeooborneojointlyoandoseverallyobyotheosaidoCommissionoasowell.oo o o Theo incidento ino questiono iso statedo too haveo takeno placeo ono

15.09.2017o wheno Harindero Singh,o whoo waso unmarriedo ando ao qualifiedo electriciano ino ao privateo employment,o waso ridingo hiso motorcycleo bearingo Registrationo No.PB-11BQ-8085.o o Wheno heo reachedo betweeno Tollo Plazao ando Premiero Schoolo ono theo Samana-to-Patialao Roado ato abouto 07.45o P.M.o ono theo fatefuloday,osomeostrayoanimal/cowsocameoinofrontoofohisomotorcycle.oHarindero Singhofelloonotheoroadoasoaoresultoofosuchosuddenoappearanceoofotheostrayoanimalo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -51-o 2023:PHHC:107430 onoroadoandosufferedoseriousoinjuriesoonotheohead.oHeowasotakenotooRajendrao Hospital,oPatialaooono15.09.2017oitself,ofromowhere,oheowasoreferredotooPGI,oo Chandigarho ando iso undero treatmento ino theo departmento ofo Neurosurgery.o Ano operationowasoconductedobyotheoPGIoChandigarhoono16.09.2017oandoheowaso dischargedoono18.09.2017.oSurgeryooonooHarinderoSinghowasoconductedoagainoono

26.02.2018.o Despiteo havingo spento moreo thano twoo lacso ino theo saido medicalo treatment,othereoisonooimprovementoinotheoconditionoofoHarinderoSinghoandoheo lostohisomemoryoinotheoaboveoaccidentoandoasoperomedicaloadvice,othereoisonoo scopeoofoanyofurtheroimprovement.oHence,oinsteadoofobecomingoofobreadowinner,o heohasobecomeoliabilityoforotheofamily.oAoDDRoNo.20odatedo17.09.2017oquaotheo incidentowasoregisteredoatoPoliceoStationoSamanaoandotheodischargeosummaryoofo theoPGIoChandigarhohasoalsoobeenoattached.oReferenceowasoalsoomadeotootheo anotheroincidentoofo01.02.2014oinowhichooneoVidyaoBhushanohadodiedoasoaoresulto ofobeingohitobyostrayoanimaloatoMandioGobindgarhoandohisowidowoSushmaooRanio filedoCWPoNo.23932oofo2015owhichowasodecidedobyotheoHighoCourtoawardingo compensationoofoRs.10,00,000/-otootheopetitioneroandotheoStateoofoPunjabowaso alsoo directedo too ato leasto frameo ao policyo foro compensatingo theo personso whoo sufferedoinjuriesobyotheostrayoanimalsoroamingoaroundotheostreetsosoothatosucho claimocasesocanobeodecidedooexpeditiouslyoandotheohardshipsoofotheoclaimantso canobeomitigated.oNoopolicyowas,ohowever,oframedodespiteotheorecommendation.o Ao legalo noticeo datedo 25.08.2018o waso alsoo sento too theo respondento ando asonoo actionowasotakenothereupon.oHence,otheowritopetitionowasofiled.oo o o AoreplyobyowayoofoanoaffidavitoofoDirector,oAnimaloHusbandryoando Membero ofo Punjabo Gauo Sewao Commissiono haso beeno filedo ono behalfo ofo respondentoNo.4,owhereinoitoisostatedothatotheoPunjaboGauoSewaoCommissionoiso notodutyoboundotoocontrolotheostrayoanimal(s)oandothatotheoscopeoofotheoactivitieso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -52-o 2023:PHHC:107430 andotheodutiesotoobeoperformedobyotheoGauoSewaoCommissionoareorestrictedotoo theoanimalsothatoareolodgedoinotheoinstitutionsosuchoasogaushalas/cattleoponds.o Theo Gauo Sewao Commissiono iso obligatedo too ensureo theo welfareo i.e.o theo managementoandocareoofotheoinfirm,oaged,oabandonedocattle/animalsothatoareo caughto byo theo lawo enforcemento agencieso ando broughto too differento cattleo ponds/guashalasoconstructed/maintainedoinotheoStateoofoPunjab.oItoisoaverredothato asoperotheoPunjaboMunicipaloAct,o1911,otheoPunjaboMunicipaloCorporationoAct,o 1976oandoPunjaboPanchayatioRajoAct,o1994,oitowasotheodutyoofotheoLocaloGovt.o andoRuraloDevelopmentoandoPanchayatoDepartmentotooconstructoandomaintaino cattleopondsoandotooshiftostrayoanimalsothereo-ofororedressingotheoproblemoofostrayo animalsoinotheorespectiveoareasounderotheirojurisdiction.oThereois,othus,onoolapseo onotheopartoofotheorespondent-Department.oo o o Ito waso furthero averredo thato theo Cowo Cesso imposedo ino manyo MunicipaloCorporations,oPanchayats,oCouncils,oNagaroPanchayatsoisocollectedo byodifferentolocalodepartments,oExciseoandoTaxation,oPSPCLo(Electricity)oetco andoisothereafterotransferredotootheoconcernedoCorporation/Counciloandothatonoo amountoisodirectlyotransferredoinofavouroofotheoGauoSewaoCommission.oTheo responsibility,oifoany,oisotoobeodischargedobyotheoconcernedoLocaloAuthorityooro theoDepartmentoofoRuraloDevelopmentoandoPanchayat.oReferenceowasomadeotoo Sectiono 15o ofo theo Punjabo Gauo Sewao Commissiono Act,o 2014o too refero too theo functionsoofotheoCommissionoandothatoitowasounderonooobligationotooremoveo strayocattleofromotheopublicoplaces.o(However,oitoisoalsoonoticedobyothisoCourto thatoSectiono15o(k)oofotheosaidoActoimposesotheofunctionsoofotheoCommissionotoo appointoaoCowoWelfareoOfficer,owhooshalloworkoforotheoimplementationoofotheo Actoandotootakeoactionoincludingodetentionoandosearchoofocowovehicles,oseizureo ofocowsoandotootakeotheocowsoinocustodyoandoinitiateoprosecution).oItoisoalsoo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -53-o 2023:PHHC:107430 prescribedo thato aftero takingo custodyo ofo theo cowso seized,o theo Commissiono iso requiredotooentrustothemotootheonearestoGaushala,oCowoSadanooroanyootheroCowo ProtectionoInstitution.o o o AoseparateowrittenostatementoonobehalfoofotheorespondentoNo.5oi.e.o PostoGraduateoInstituteoofoMedicaloEducationoandoResearch,oChandigarhohaso alsoobeenofiledowhichogivesotheodetailsoofotheotreatmentoextendedotootheopatiento ando theo responseo corroboratedo theo admissiono ofo Harindero Singho (sono ofo theo petitioner)o ino theo PGIo Traumao Centreo ando theo subsequento treatment/surgeryo undertakenobyotheoPGIoandotheomedicalostatusoofotheoinjured.o o o WrittenostatementohadoalsoobeenofiledoonobehalfoofotheoStateoofo PunjaboasowelloasoDirector,oLocaloGovernmentothroughotheoJointoDirector.oInotheo saidoresponse,otheodepartmentohasoaverredothatotheoincident/accidentoinoquestiono tookoplaceooutsideotheolimitsoofoMunicipaloCorporation,oSamanaoandotheoroado comeso undero theo jurisdictiono andopurviewo ofo theo Publico Workso Department,o Punjab,owhichoisomaintainedobyotheoM/soRohanoRajdeepoTollwaysoandoasotheyo areocollectingotheotolloonothisoroad,otheyoareoboundotoomaintainotheosafetyooforoad.o Ito haso alsoo beeno averredo thato theo Departmento ofo Ruralo Developmento ando Panchayatoisoalsooaonecessaryopartyoandoasosuch,otheopetitionodeservesotoobeo dismissedoforonon-joinderoofonecessaryoparties.oo o o Surprisingly,o theo aboveo saido objectiono hado beeno takeno notwithstandingothatorespondentoNo.1owasotheoStateoofoPunjabothroughoitsoChiefo Secretaryo itselfo ando onceo theo Chiefo Secretaryo hado beeno impleaded,o allo departmentso wouldo beo deemedo too beo representedo byo necessaryo application.o Hence,otheoabovesaidoreplyofiledoonobehalfoofotheoChiefoSecretaryoadmitsothatoito wasotheoobligationoofoDepartmentoofoPublicoWorks,oPunjabotookeepotheoroadosafeo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -54-o 2023:PHHC:107430 andoasotheosaidofunctionowasobeingodischargedobyotheoMaintenanceoCompanyo andothatotheoliabilityowasotoobeodischargedobyothem.oAdditionally,oDepartmentoofo Ruralo Developmento ando Panchayato waso alsoo deemedo too beo responsibleo foro compensatingotheovictimowhenotheoaccidentotookoplaceooutsideotheojurisdictiono ofoMunicipaloArea.oAnoobjectionowasoalsootakenothatotheodisputedoquestionsoofo factsowouldobeoinvolvedoandothatotheosameocanoonlyobeoadjudicatedobyotheoCivilo CourtsoasohasobeenoheldoinoCWP-2765oofo2019owhereinolibertyowasogivenotootheo petitionerothereinotooavailohisociviloremediesovideoorderodatedo01.02.2019.oItowaso alsoonoticedothatoanoorderowasopassedoono06.12.2018owherebyodraftobye-lawso haveobeenoframedounderoSectiono188oando240oofotheoPunjaboMunicipaloAct,o 1911oandoSectiono399oofotheoPunjaboMunicipaloCorporationoAct,o1976owhichoareo underoconsideration.ooItowasosubmittedothatoevenothoughotheodraftobye-lawsohado beenoissuedoono29.09.2017,omanyoCorporationsoareoworkingoforoimplementationo ofotheosaidodraftobye-lawsoandothatotheosaidobye-lawsocontainoalloprovisionsoforo maintenanceo ando careo ofo strayo animalso ando alsoo haveo provisionso foro compensationoforotheovictimsoofoanimaloattackowithinotheojurisdictionoofoUrbano LocaloBodies.oItoisocontendedothatoasotheoaccidentoinoquestionotookoplaceooutsideo theoMunicipalolimits,ohence,otheooDepartmentohasonooconcernoorolegaloliability.o Theo questiono ofo liabilityo waso too beo examinedo byo theo Departmento ofo Ruralo Developmento ando Panchayat,o Departmento ofo Publico Workso ando theo Tollo Operator.o o o Ano o additionalo o affidavito waso o alsoo filedo ono behalfo ofo theo respondentsoNo.1otoo3obyotheoJointoSecretaryotootheoGovernmentoofoPunjaboino complianceoofotheoorderodatedo06.12.2019oandoitowasoaverredothatotheoStateohado initiallyoframedotheodrafto"TheoPunjaboMunicipaloCorporationoandoMunicipalo (Registration,oproperocontroloofostrayoanimalsoandocompensationotootheovictimoofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -55-o 2023:PHHC:107430 animalo attack)o Byeo laws,o 2017o datedo 29.09.2017o whereino theo amounto ofo compensationo foro deatho oro injuryo ono accounto ofo strayo animalo waso fixedo ato Rs.1,00,000/-.oTheosaidodraftobyeolawsowereocirculatedotooallotheoUrbanoLocalo BodiesoinotheoStateoofoPunjab,ohowever,otheoUrbanoLocaloBodiesofailedotoogiveo finalityotootheonotificationodatedo29.09.2017oresultingoinotheodepartmentousingo theopowersoprovidedounderoSectiono399o(2)oofotheoPunjaboMunicipaloCorporationo Act,o1976oandoSectiono201(1)oofotheoPunjaboMunicipaloAct,o1911otoonotifyotheo ModeloPunjaboMunicipalo(Registration,oProperoControloofoStrayoAnimalsoando CompensationotootheoVictimoofoAnimaloAttack)oByeoLaws,o2020oono12.10.2020o too controlo theo strayo animalso ando awardo compensationo too theo victimo video notificationoNo.5/13/2020-1LG4/1877odatedo12.10.2020.oItowasoaverredothatotheo UrbanoLocaloBodiesoareoputtingotheirobestoeffortsotoocontrolotheomenaceoofostrayo animals.o Too avoidotheo litigationo foro theolargero publico interest,o allo theo Urbano LocaloBodiesoareotooconsiderotheocasesounderothisopolicyoirrespectiveowhetherotheo incidentohappenedobeforeooroafterocomingointooforceoofotheoModeloByeoLaws,o 2020oandotheodraftoByeoLawsodatedo29.09.2017.oReferenceowasoalsoomadeotootheo judgmentoofothisoCourtodatedo01.02.2018opassedoinoCWP-2765oofo2019otitledoaso 'NaginderooSinghoVersusoStateoofoPunjaboandoothers',owhereinowhichosucho claimowasodismissedoasoitoinvolvedodisputedoquestionsoofofacts;oasowelloasotheo judgmento ofo Hon'bleo theo Supremeo Court,o 'Chairman,o Grido Corporationo ofo Orissao Ltd.o Versuso Sukamanio Dass'reportedo aso (1999)o 7o SCCo 298o foro theo similaroreasons.o LEADoCASEoFORoTHEoSTATEoOFoU.T.oCHANDIGARHo o o InsofaroasotheoissueorelatingotooU.T.oChandigarhoisoconcerned,otheo factsoareobeingoextractedofromoCWP-9763-2017otitledoaso'RamoDularioandootherso VersusoUnionoTerritory,oChandigarhoandoanother'.oo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -56-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o Theo petitionerso haveo soughto compensationo ofo Rs.30,00,000/-o ono accountoofodeathoofoShivoShankaro–ohusbandoofopetitioneroNo.1oandofatheroofotheo remainingopetitioners,owhoodiedodueotoostrayodogobite.oTheodeceasedowaso36o yearsooldoandowasoresidingoinoFarmoNo.4,oKhudaoAlioSher,oChandigarhoandowaso employedoasolabourer.oOno16.08.2016,otheodeceasedowasogoingoonohisobicycleo fromotheoFarmoNo.4otoosectoro10otoomeetohisobrotheroRamoAasre.oWhenoheo reachedonearotheoparkingoofoPunjabo&oHaryanaoMainoCiviloSecretariat,onearo CRPFoCamp,oChandigarh,oheowasobitobyoaostrayodog,odueotoowhichoheofellofromo theobicycle.oHeosustainedosevereoinjuriesoasoaoresultoofodogobite.oHeowasosavedobyo someopassersbyoandowasogivenoprimaryotreatmentoatohome,owhileotheosearchoforo theostrayodogowasomade.oTheoconditionoofotheodeceasedodeterioratedoandoheowaso takenotooGMSH,oSectoro16,oChandigarh,owhereoheowasoadmitted.oFindingonoo improvementoinohisohealth,oheowasoshiftedotooPGI,oChandigarhoono12.09.2016,o whereoheowasodiagnosedowithoRabiesoandoencephalitisoandocouldonotobeosaved.oo Postmortemoofotheodeceasedowasoconductedoandostatementsoofotheowitnesseso wereorecordedobyotheopolice.oAoDDRoNo.07odatedo13.09.2016owasoalsoorecordedo ato Policeo Stationo Sectoro 11,o Chandigarh.o Inquesto Reporto undero Sectiono 174o Cr.P.C.o waso alsoo prepared.o Theo deatho ofo Shivo Shankaro occurredo dueo too theo injuriesosustainedoinoaostrayodogobiteoandocompensationowasoclaimed.oItowasoalsoo submittedothatotheoproblemoofostrayodogomenaceoearlierocameotootheonoticeoofo thisoHighoCourtoinoCWPoNo.9902oofo2012otitledoaso'KuljijtoSinghoBedioVersuso StateoofoPunjaboandoothers'.oVideoorderodatedo31.10.2012,othisoHighoCourtohado directedo theo U.T.o Administrationo too makeo comprehensiveo schemeo withino ao periodoofotwoomonthsofromotheodateoofoissuanceoofodirections,ohowever,otheosaido directionsohadonotoobeenocompliedowith.oTheodeceasedowasostatedotoobeoearningo Rs.15,000/-operomonthobesidesoover-timeoandowaso36oyearsoofoageoatotheotimeoofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -57-o 2023:PHHC:107430 hisodeath.oAolegalonoticeowasoalsoosentotootheorespondents,ohowever,onooactiono wasotaken.oReferenceowasomadeotootheojudgmentoofothisoCourtoinoCWP-4847oofo 2012otitledoaso'ParminderjitoKauroandoanotheroVersusoStateoofoPunjaboando others'o whereino compensationo ofo Rs.10,00,000/-o hado beeno awardedo too theo petitioneroonoaccountoofodeathoofoherohusbandobyoaoragingobullovideojudgmento datedo 09.01.2015o ando LPAo No.779o ofo 2015o againsto theo saido judgmento waso dismissedovideojudgmentodatedo11.08.2016.o o o Ao shorto replyo ono behalfo ofo respondento No.2o i.e.o Municipalo Corporation,oChandigarhohadobeenofiledowhereinoitowasoaverredothatotheoissueo pertainingotoomenaceoofostrayodogsoisopendingobeforeotheoDivisionoBenchoofothiso CourtoinoCWP-14188oofo2017otitledoaso"RamoKumaroVs.oStateoofoPunjaboando others".oItoisofurtheroaverredothatoaoschemeoforomanagementoofostrayodogsoinotheo Uniono Territory,o Chandigarh-o 2012o waso framedo witho ao viewo too balanceo theo Animalo Welfareo Activitieso ando too safeguardo theo interesto ofo generalo publicoo withinotheoframeworkoofohumaneoapproachoasoprescribedobyotheoAnimaloWelfareo BoardoofoIndia.oTheosaidoschemeohadobeenoframedoinoviewoofotheoorderodatedo

31.10.2012opassedobyothisoCourtoinoCWP-9902oofo2012owhereinoitowasoobservedo thatothereoisoaoneedotooevolveomoreoeffectiveoresultoorientedoguidelinesoforodogo controloandomanagementoandothusocomprehensiveoguidelinesoforodogocontroloando managemento wereo beingo framedo witho ao viewo too balanceo theo animalo welfareo activitiesowithinoavailableoinfrastructure,otechniquesoandotechnology.oItohasobeeno averredo thato theo M.C.o Chandigarho haso beeno engagingo theo serviceso foro sterilizationo ofo dogso aso alsoo theiro offspringso ando effortso areo beingo madeo too provideobestohygienicoandosanitaryoenvironmentoduringoandoafterosurgery.oItohaso 10otrainedo dogo catchers,ooneo multipurposeo workero ando 2odrivers.o Threeodogo catchingo vanso haveobeeno purchasedo andooneo dogovano iso handedo overo too theo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -58-o 2023:PHHC:107430 agency.oDetailsohaveoalsoobeenogivenoabouto13995odogsothatohadobeenosterilizedo fromoAprilo2015otilloMayo2019.oItowasoalsoopointedooutothatoasoperotheocensuso doneoinotheoyearo2012obyotheoDepartmentoofoAnimaloHusbandryoandoFisheries,o Chandigarh,oaotentativeostrayodogopopulationowaso7847.oReferenceowasomadeotoo theo initiativeso takeno byo theo M.C.o o Chandigarho too spreado awarenesso abouto preventingodogo biteso ando actionso too beotakeno thereafter.o Referenceo waso alsoo madeotootheoproceedingopendingobeforeotheoHon'bleoSupremeoinoSLPo(Civil)o No.691o ofo 2009o ando theo ordero datedo 18.11.2015o passedo ino theo mattero ofo "Animalo Welfareo Boardo ofo Indiao etc.o Versuso Peopleo foro Eliminationo ofo StrayoTroublesoandoothers",owhereinotheoHighoCourtohaveobeenocalledoupono nototoopassoanyoorderorelatingotooAnimaloBirthoControloRules,o2001oandotheo PreventionoofoCrueltyotooAnimalsoAct,o1960.o o o Noo replyo hado beeno filedo byo respondento No.1-o Chandigarho Administration,oevenothoughoitowasodulyorepresentedoandoaoperiodoofonearlyosixo yearsohasoalreadyoelapsed.oCounseloforotheoU.T.oChandigarhoalsoodidonotofileoanyo separateo replyo ando haso placedo relianceo ono theo replyo alreadyo filedo byo theo respondentoNo.2.o LEADoCASEoPERTAININGoTOoINCIDENToDUEoTOoWILDoANIMALSo o o Withoregardotootheocaseorelatingotoowildoanimal,oreferenceoisobeingo madeofromotheopetitionobearingoCWPoNo.15493oofo2020otitledoaso'Radhaoando othersoVersusoStateoofoHaryanaoandoothers'.o o o Theo petitionerso ino theo saido caseo haveo approachedo thiso courto foro claimingo compensationo ono accounto ofo deatho ofo Jasmero Singh-o husbando ofo petitioneroNo.1oandofatheroofopetitionersoNo.2otoo4owhoodiedoinoanoincidentodueo tooblueobuck/cowo(Nilgai).oItohasobeenoaverredothatoono11.09.2019,otheodeceasedo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -59-o 2023:PHHC:107430 JasmeroSingh,owhoowasoworkingoasolabourer,owasogoingotoohisohouseoatoabouto

07.00oPMoonohisomotorcycleobearingoRegistrationoNo.HR-06-1253.oWhenoheo reachedo01okilometeroawayotooDhuliwalaoroadotowardsovillageoHassanpur,ooneo Nilgaiocameoinofrontoofohisomotorcycle.oTheodeceasedolostohisobalanceooonohiso motorcycleoandofelloonotheoroadoinoanoattemptotooavoidocollisionowithotheosame.o Heosufferedoseriousoinjuriesoandodiedoasoaoresultothereof.oProceedingsoundero Sectiono174/175oCr.P.C.owereoconductedobyotheopoliceoandostatementsoofotheo witnessesowereoalsoorecorded.oPostmortemoonotheodeadobodyoofotheodeceasedo waso conductedo byo theo Medicalo Officer,o Generalo Hospital,o Jind.o Ao DDRo (AnnexureoP-1)owasoalsoorecordedoonotheosameodayoatoPoliceoStationoAlewa,o DistrictoJind.oInotheoPostmortemoreport,otheocauseoofodeathohasobeenomentionedo asohemorrhageoandoshockodueotooinjuriesosustainedobyotheodeceasedowhichowereo sufficientotoocauseodeathoinotheoordinaryocourseoofonature.oTheodeceasedowaso28o yearsoofoageoandowasoearningoapproximatelyoRs.30,000/-operomonth.oHeolostohiso lifeodueotoofailureoofotheorespondent-Authoritiesotookeepotheopublicoplaces/streetso freeofromomenaceoofostray/wildoanimals.oLegalonoticeowasoalsoosent,ohowever,o noo responseo waso received.o Hence,o theo petitiono waso filedo foro seekingo compensationofromotheorespondents.oRelianceowasoalsooplacedoonotheojudgmento ofo'Sukhbiro Kauro ando otherso Vs.o Stateo ofo Haryanaoando others'reportedoaso

(2016)o4oPLRo14toocontendsothatoNilgaioisoclassifiedoasoaowildoanimaloandoano injuredowouldobeoentitledotooclaimocompensationofromotheoStateoforotheoinjurieso soosustained.o o o Theorespondentsohadoappearedoono13.01.2021,ohowever,onooformalo replyohasobeenofiledotillodate.oConsideringotheoinordinateodelayoandonoovalido explanationo foro theo same,o theo issueo iso beingo examinedo ono theo legalo aspecto withoutofurtherowaitofororeply.oTheopartiesohaveobeenoheardoonotheomeritsoofotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -60-o 2023:PHHC:107430 caseo ando theo liabilityo too granto compensation.o Theo Stateo submittedo thato theo departmentoofoForestsoandowildoLifeoHaryanaoalreadyohasoissuedoaonotificationo forograntoofocompensation.o LEADo CASEo RELATINGo TOo THEo INCIDENTS/ACCIDENTSo ONo NATIONALoHIGHWAYo o o Ino relationo too theo caseso pertainingo too theo Nationalo Highwayo Authorityo ofo India,o theo referenceo iso beingo madeo too theo factso arisingo outo ofo petitionobearingoCWPoNo.21437oofo2021otitledoaso'BalwantoSinghoandoanothero VersusoStateoofoHaryanaoandoothers'.oo o o Theopetitionersoinotheoaboveomentionedocaseoareotheohusbandoando sonoofodeceasedoRajbala.oItohasobeenoaverredothatopetitioneroNo.2oKuldeepoSingho wasotravellingoono07.09.2019oalongowithohisomotheroRajbalao(sinceodeceased)o fromo Hisaro too Fatehabado ono theo motorcycleo makeo Heroo Deluxe.o Whileo theo petitioneroNo.2owasodriving,ohisomotherowasosittingoonotheopillion.oWhenotheyo reachedonearoLandharioTolloPlazaoonoHisar-Agrohaoroado(NationaloHighwayoNo.o 9)o ato abouto 12.00o PM,o allo ofo ao sudden,o ao strayo bullo cameo ino fronto ofo theo motorcycle,o whicho waso beingo driveno ato ao moderateo speed.o Althougho theo petitioneroNo.2omadeoeveryoeffortotooavoidoanoaccidentobutostillotheostrayobullohito intoohisomotorcycle.oTheyofellodownoonotheoroadoandosustainedomultipleoinjurieso asoaoresultothereof.oTheyowereobroughtotootheoMAMCoandoHospitaloAgrohaoforo treatment,ohowever,oasotheoinjuriesowereoseriousoandosevere,oRajbalao–omotheroofo petitioneroNo.2opassedoawayoduringotheotreatmentoonotheosameodayoatoabouto5.20o P.M.oPostmortemowasonotoconductedoandoitowasoreportedothatotheodeathohado occurredoasoaoresultoofoinjuriesoonotheovitalopartsowithoutoadvertingotootheoreasono forosuchoinjuriesoandoreferringoonlyotootheoimmediateocauseoofodeath.oTheoissueo inoquestionowasoreportedooatoPoliceoStationoAgroha,oDistrictoHisaroandoaftero CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -61-o 2023:PHHC:107430 recordingotheostatementoofotheopetitioneroNo.2,oaoDDRoNo.36odatedo07.09.2019o (wronglyo mentionedo aso 07.09.2021o ino theo petition)o waso recorded.o Theo petitionersothereafteroapproachedotheorespondentsotoocompensateoforotheoaccidento thatohappenedodueotoofailureoofotheorespondent-Authoritiesotoomaintainosafetyoono theoNationaloHighway,ohowever,otheosameowasoofonooavail.oAolegalonoticeodatedo

21.01.2020owasoalsoosentobyotheopetitionersoclaimingocompensation,owhere-aftero theopresentowritopetitionowasofiled.o o o Itohasobeenostatedothatoitowasotheoboundenodutyoofotheorespondents-NationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndiaotoomaintainosafeohighwaysoandotoogetorido ofotheomenaceoofostray/wildoanimals,omoresoowhenotheocommuteroisorequiredotoo payotheouserofee.oTheohazardoofostray/wildoanimalsoonotheoNationaloHighwayso clearlyoshowsothatotheorespondents-Authoritiesohaveobeenonegligentoandocarelesso ino performingo theiro parto ofo obligationo ando ino dischargingo theiro dutieso too commutersoresultingoinolossoofopreciousohumanolife.oItowasoaverredothatoinsofaro asotheoStateoareaoisoconcerned,otheoStateoGovernmentohadoregulatoryoframeworko foropaymentoofocompensationotootheovictimsoorotheirofamiliesoforotheoinjurieso sustained,ohowever,onoosuchoprovisionohasobeenomadeobyotheoNationaloHighwayo AuthorityoofoIndia.oRelianceohasobeenoplacedoonotheojudgmentoofo'St.oStephen'so CollegeoVersusoUniversityoofoDelhi'oreportedoaso(1992)o1oSCCo558ootoocontendo thatotheoequaloprotectionoofolawohasotoobeoextended.oRefernceowasoalsoomadeotoo theojudgmentsoofoSushmaoRanioversusoStateoofoPunjaboandoothersoreportedoaso

(2016)2oRCRo(Civil)o289oandoSavitrioYadavoVersusoStateoofoHarynaoandootherso reportedoaso(2020)o2oRCRo(Civil)o57owherebyotheoStateoGovernmentohadobeeno directedotoopayocompensationotootheofamiliesoofotheovictimsowhoolostotheiroliveso atotheohandsoofostrayoanimalsoatopublicoplaces.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -62-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o TheoreplyoonobehalfoofotheoNationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndiao hado beeno filedo througho Generalo Manager-cum-Projecto Director,o Nationalo Highwayo Authorityo ofo India,o whereino theyo admittedo thato theyo operateo theo aforesaidoNationaloHighwayoandotheyoareoresponsibleoforotheodevelopmentoando maintenanceoofotheoNationaloHighways.oItohas,ohowever,obeenoaverredothatotheo affairoofomaintainingoandocontrollingotheostrayoanimaloonopublicoroadofallsowithino theodomainoofoMunicipalitiesoofotheoStateoforowhichotheorespectiveoStateobye-lawsoareoapplicableoandothatofailure,oifoany,oisoonotheopartoofotheoStateoandoitso instrumentalities.o Ito waso alsoo averredo thato undero Articleo 48-Ao ofo theo Constitution,otheoStateoisorequiredotooprotectoandosafeguardotheoforestsoandowild-lifeo ando bye-lawso haveo beeno notifiedo byo theo Stateo foro enforcemento ofo sucho directiveoprinciples.oItowas,ohowever,osubmittedothatotheoDDRocannotobeomadeo theobasisoforodeterminingotheoliabilityoorotooproveonegligenceoonotheopartoofo NationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndia.oRelianceoinothisoregardohasobeenoplacedo onotheojudgmentoofo'RanjitaoVersusoStateoofoHaryana'ooreportedoaso(2018)o2o PLRo283.oCertainodisputesoquaotheonatureoofoinjuriesoasotoowhetherotheodeathohado actuallyoresultedoonoaccountoofotheoimpactobyotheovehicularoaccidentooronotohaveo alsoobeenoraised.oLearnedoSenioroCounselorepresentingotheoNationaloHighwayo AuthorityoofoIndiaoalsooassistedothisoCourtoinothisoregardoduringotheocourseoofo hearing.oo GENERALoDISCUSSIONo o o Havingonoticedotheofactsoandosubmissionsoofotheorespectiveoparties,o theo issueo ino hando iso beingo dealto witho takingo intoo considerationo variouso Rules/Regulations/Publico Lawso notifiedo byo theo respectiveo Stateso ando theo precedentsoregardingotheojustocompensation.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -63-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o TheoNationaloCrimeoRecordsoBureau,oMinistryoofoHomeoAffairs,o NewoDelhiohadopublishedoitsoreportoquaoaccidentalodeathsoandosuicideoinoIndiaoino theoyearo2021.oInoitsoabovesaidoreport,oitowasopointedooutothatotheonumberoofo traffic/motoro accidentalo deathso increasedo fromo 146354o ino theo yearo 2020o too 173860oinotheoyearo2021.oHence,oasomanyoaso476odeathsoperodayowereoreportedo dueotootrafficoaccidentsoinoyearo2021,onotwithstandingothatotheosaidoyearsosawoao mucho reducedo traffico volumeo dueo too Covid-19.o Despiteo theo same,o ito iso alsoo reportedo thato aso manyo aso 16%o ofo sucho deathso areo ao resulto ofo miscellaneouso causes,o whicho haso beeno explainedo too alsoo includeo deathso ono accounto ofo involvementoofostrayoanimals.oThiso16%othusoworksooutotoobeomoreothano76o personso pero day,o beingo killedo dueo too sucho miscellaneouso reasons,o includingo accidentso involvingo animals.o Aso pero anothero tableo appendedo alongwitho theo aforesaidoreport,otheonumberoandoshareoofoaccidentalodeathsodueotooforcesoofo natureoandootherocauses,otheoyearo2020-21oindicateothato1305opersonsodiedoasoao resultoofostrayoanimalsoinotheoyearo2020owhileo1264opersonsoreportedlyodiedoino theoyearo2021.oAsoperotheoreport,ooutoofotheopersons,owhoodiedoasoaoresultoofo injuriesosustainedodueotooanimals,o50oofosuchovictimsowereobelowo14oyearsoofo age,o38owereobetweeno14otoo18oyears,o185owereoinotheoageogroupoofoaboveo18o yearsoandobelowo30oyears,o368owereoinotheoageogroupoofo30otoo45oyears,o380o wereoinotheoageogroupoofo45otoo60owhileo243owereoinotheoageogroupoofo60oando above.o Ito iso alsoo evidento fromo theo Tableo No.1.10,o relatedo too personso killed/injuredobyostrayoanimals,othatoaototalo20ocasesowereoreportedoforotheosaido yearoandoallo20owereorelatedotootheoincidentsowhereotheopeopleohadodiedoinotheo StateoofoHaryana,owhereaso17ocasesohadobeenoreportedoinotheoStateoofoPunjaboando alloofothemowereoinorelationotoodeathsoonly.oSurprisingly,otheosaidodataoshowso zeroorecordoofoinjuredopersonsothroughoutoallotheoStatesoandoUnionoTerritoriesoino CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -64-o 2023:PHHC:107430 India.oItowouldobeohardotooconceiveothatonoopersonosustainedoanyoinjuryoinoanyo accidento involvingo theo strayo animalso ando theo onlyo plausibleo conclusiono deductibleofromotheosaidodataoisothatotheoStateoInstrumentalitiesohadonotobeeno recordingoandoreportingotheoincidentsorelatingotoopersonsosustainingoinjuriesoino theoincidentsoinvolvingostrayoanimals,oand/orothatotheoagenciesoareonotorecordingo ororeportingotheoincidents.oItoisooincomprehensibleothatonoovictim/injuredowouldo haveo approachedo anyo ofo theo lawo enforcingo agencieso too reporto theo incidents,o rather,otheocasesofiledobeforeotheocourtsoshowothatotheopoliceohasobeenorecordingo themoasoroutineoaccidentsoandonotoreportingothemounlessosomeoanimaloisoalsoo killedoinotheoincidentoorotheodeathoisodirectlyoattributableotootheoanimal.oTheo balanceothusotiltsoagainstotheoAgenciesoforonotorecording/reportingosuchoevents.o o o Further,oasoperotheoBloomoBergoreportoreferencedobyotheoMinistryo ofoRoadoTransportoandoHighways,o09olakhopeopleodiedoorosufferedoinjuriesoasoao resulto ofo accidents/incidentso thato tooko placeo ono roadso ando aso pero theo Worldo Bank,otheototalolossodueotootheoaboveosaidoaccidents/incidentsoisoapproximatelyo Rs.12.80olakhocrores.oItowasoalsooreferredotooinotheoextractoofoBloomoBergoreporto punishedoinodailyonewspapero"DainikoBhaskar"oono27.05.2023,owhileoreferingotoo theoreportoofoNationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndiaothatoasoperotheostatisticsoofo 2019,othereoareonearlyo50olakhostrayoanimalsoando1.5ocroreostrayodogsowhicho haveobecomeotheomajorocauseoofoaccidents/incidentsoonoroads.oTheoMinistryoofo Roado Transporto ando Highwayso haso thuso claimedo too haveo framedo ao Nationalo RoadoSafetyoPolicy.oPreambleoofotheoabovesaidopolicyodeclaresothatoGovernmento ofoIndiaorecognizesothatoroadosafetyoneedsotoobeoaddressedoonoaoholisticobasis,o regardlessoofojurisdiction,oandothatotheoStateoandotheoCentraloGovernmentsohaveo aojointoresponsibilityoinoreducingotheoroadoaccidents,oinjuriesoandofatalities.oTheo saidopolicyohasobeenoformulatedoafteroreceivingoaoreportofromotheoCommitteeo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -65-o 2023:PHHC:107430 constitutedo undero theo Chairmanshipo ofo Shrio S.o Sundar,o Formero Secretary,o MinistryoofoSurfaceoTransportoinotheoyearo2007.oTheoUnionoCabinetoapprovedo theoNationaloRoadoSafetyoPolicyobasedoonotheorecommendationsoofotheoSundaro Committeeo ono 15.03.2010.o Theo saido policyo outlineso theo initiativeso too beo framed/takeno byo theo Governmentso ato allo levelso too improveo theo roado safetyo activitiesoinotheocountry.oItoisoaoformoofotheocardinaloobligationoofotheoStateotoo implementomeasures;otooreviewostandardsopertainingotoosafetyoonoroadsoasoalsoo tooensureosafetyoofovulnerableoroadousers.oItoalsooprescribesothatoappropriateo measureso shallo beo takeno byo theo Governmento too assisto Stateo ando othero Government(s)otoostrengthenoandoimproveotheoqualityoofoenforcementotooensureo effectiveo ando uniformo implementationo ofo theo Safetyo Lawso ino additiono too providingomedicaloservicesoforotheoaccidentovictims.oTheoGovernmentoisoalsoo requiredo too takeo appropriateo measureso too ensureo thato theo requiredo legal,o institutionaloandofinancialoenvironmentofororoadosafetyoisofurtherostrengthenedo andoaomechanismoforoeffectiveocoordinationoofovariousostakeholdersoisoputoino place.o Ao Nationalo Roado Safetyo Fundo too financeo theo roado activitieso througho allocationoofocertainopercentageoofocessoonotheoGasolineoandoDieselowasoalsoo decidedotoobeoestablishedothroughodedicatedoagenciesovis.oTheoNationaloRoado thSafetyoBoard.oDepartmentoalsooreferredotootheoo317 oreportooofotheoParliamentaryo StandingoCommitteeoonoTransport,oTourismoandoCultureosubmittedotootheoRajyao Sabhao pertainingo too Demandso foro Grantso foro theo yearo 2022-23.o Theo saido CommitteeorecommendedothatourgentostepsobeotakenoinocoordinationowithoLocalo Authoritiesotootackleotheoproblemoofostrayocattleoandootheroanimalsotrespassingo NationaloHighwaysoandoposingotremendousosecurityoarrestotootheopassengers.o Barriersomayobeoerectedotoopreventostrayocattleoandootheroanimalsofromocomingo ontootheoNationaloHighwayostretchesowhereosuchoproblemoisofacedofrequentlyo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -66-o 2023:PHHC:107430 aparto fromo lookingo intoo othero possibleo solutionso too minimizeo sucho incidents/accidentsoinoorderotooensureothatotheoNationaloHighwaysonetworkoinotheo countryo iso safeo ando freeo flowingo foro allo theo passengers.o Theo saido threcommendationsoofotheoParliamentaryocommitteeoinoitsoaboveosaido317 oreporto presentedotootheoRajyaoSabhaoono14.03.2022oisoextractedounder:oo "Theo Committeeo furthero recommendso thato urgento stepso mayo beo takenoinocoordinationowithoconcernedolocaloauthoritiesotootackleotheo problemo ofo strayo cattleo ando othero animalso trespassingo Nationalo Highwayso posingo tremendouso securityo risko too theo passengers,o especiallyowomen,oseniorsoandochildren,obesidesocausingohindranceo onotheosmoothoflowoofotrafficoonoNHs.oBarriersomayobeoerectedotoo preventostrayocattleoandootheroanimalsofromocomingoontooNHsoino stretchesowhereothisoproblemoisofacedofrequently.oOtheropossibleo solutionsomayobeolookedointootoominimizeosuchoincidentsoacrossotheo entireoNHonetworkoinotheocountryosooasotoomakeoNHotravelosafero andofree-flowingoforoallopassengers."o STATEoOBLIGATIONoQUAoANIMALS/STRAYoANIMALS:oLAWoANDo ANALYSISo

(A)o CENTRALo GOVERNMENTo ACTS/RULESo QUAo ANIMALS/o STRAYoANIMALS.o o

(i)o THEoPREVENTIONoOFoCRUELTYoTOoANIMALSoACT,o1960o o o o Notifiedoono26.12.1960o "2.oDefinitions.—InothisoAct,ounlessotheocontextootherwiseorequires,—oo

(a)oo "animal"omeansoanyolivingocreatureootherothanoaohumanobeing;o

(b)oo "Board"o meanso theo Boardo establishedo undero sectiono 4,o ando aso o reconstitutedofromotimeotootimeounderosectiono5A;]oo

(c)oo "captiveoanimal"omeansoanyoanimalo(notobeingoaodomesticoanimal)o whicho iso ino captivityo oro confinement,o whethero permanento oro temporary,oorowhichoisosubjectedotooanyoapplianceoorocontrivanceo forotheopurposeoofohinderingooropreventingoitsoescapeofromocaptivityo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -67-o 2023:PHHC:107430 oroconfinementoorowhichoisopinionedoorowhichoisooroappearsotoobeo maimed;oo

(d)oo "domesticoanimal"omeansoanyoanimalowhichoisotamedoorowhichohaso beenooroisobeingosufficientlyotamedotooserveosomeopurposeoforotheo useoofomanoorowhich,oalthoughoitoneitherohasobeenonoroisobeingonoro isointendedotoobeosootamed,oisoorohasobecomeoinofactowhollyooro partlyotamed;oo

(e)oo "localoauthority"omeansoaomunicipalocommittee,odistrictoboardooro otheroauthorityoforotheotimeobeingoinvestedobyolawowithotheocontrolo andoadministrationoofoanyomattersowithinoaospecifiedolocaloarea;oo

(f)oo "owner",ousedowithoreferenceotooanoanimal,oincludesonotoonlyotheo ownerobutoalsooanyootheropersonoforotheotimeobeingoinopossessionooro custodyoofotheoanimal,owhetherowithoorowithoutotheoconsentoofotheo owner;o

3.o XXXXo oXXXXo XXXXo o o

4.oo EstablishmentoofoAnimalsoWelfareoBoardoofoIndia.—o

(1)o Foro theo promotiono ofo animalo welfareo generallyo ando foro theo purposeoofoprotectingoanimalsofromobeingosubjectedotoounnecessaryo painoorosuffering,oinoparticular,othereoshallobeoestablishedobyotheo CentraloGovernment,oasosoonoasomayobeoafterotheocommencemento ofothiso Act,o ao Boardo too beo calledotheo Animalo Welfareo Boardo ofo India.oo

(2)o Theo Boardo shallo beo ao bodyo corporateo havingo perpetualo successiono ando ao commono sealo witho power,o subjecto too theo provisionsoofothisoAct,otooacquire,oholdoandodisposeoofopropertyoando mayobyoitsonameosueoandobeosued.o o 5.o XXXXo XXXXo XXXXo XXXXo o 6.oo xxxxxoooooxxxxxooooooxxxxxxxo o o 7.o XXXXo XXXXo XXXXo XXXXo o o 8.o XXXXo XXXXo XXXXo XXXXo o o 9.oo FunctionsoofotheoBoard.—TheofunctionsoofotheoBoardoshallo o o be—o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -68-o 2023:PHHC:107430 a-eo XXXXoo oXXXXo XXXXo

(f)oo tootakeoallosuchostepsoasotheoBoardomayothinkofitotoo ensureo thato unwantedo animalso areo destroyedo byo localo authorities,o whenevero ito iso necessaryo too doo so,o eithero instantaneouslyooroafterobeingorenderedoinsensibleotoopainooro suffering;oo

(g)oo tooencourage,obyotheograntoofofinancialoassistanceooro otherwiseo2o[theoformationooroestablishmentoofopinjrapoles,o rescueo homes,o animalo shelters,o sanctuarieso ando theo like]o whereoanimalsoandobirdsomayofindoaoshelterowhenotheyohaveo becomeooldoandouselessoorowhenotheyoneedoprotection;oo h-lo XXXXoo oXXXXo XXXX"o

(ii)o PREVENTIONo OFo CRUELTYo TOo ANIMALSo (CAREo ANDo o MAINTENANCEo OFo CASEo PROPERTYo ANIMALS)o RULESo o 2016.oo Notifiedoono23.05.2017ounderoSectiono38(1)oofotheoPreventionoofoCrueltyotoo AnimalsoAct,o1960.o

2.oDefinitions.—Inotheseorules,ounlessotheocontextootherwiseorequires,-o

(a)oo XXXXXXXXXXXXoo

(b)oo XXXXXXXXXXXXo

(c)oo "cattle"omeansoaobovineoanimaloincludingobulls,ocows,obuffalos,o steers,oheifersoandocalvesoandoincludesocamels;oo

(d)oo "SocietyoforoPreventionoofoCrueltyotooAnimalso(SPCA)"omeansoao SPCAo establishedo undero theo Preventiono ofo Crueltyo too Animalso (Establishmento ando Regulationo ofo Societieso foro Preventiono ofo CrueltyotooAnimals)oRules,o2001omadeounderotheoAct;oo

(e)oo "StateoBoard"omeansotheoStateoAnimaloWelfareoBoardoconstituted,o inoaoState,obyotheoStateoGovernment;oo

(f)oo xxxxxooooxxxxxooooxxxxxxoo

(g)oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.oo

3.oCustodyoofoanimalsopendingolitigation.—oWhenoanoanimalohasobeeno seizedounderotheoprovisionoofotheoActoorotheorulesomadeothereunder—oo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -69-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(a)oxxxxxxxoooooxxxxxxxo

(b)otheomagistrateomayodirectotheoanimalotoobeohousedoatoanoinfirmary,o pinjrapole,oSPCA,oAnimaloWelfareoOrganisationooroGaushalaoduringotheo pendencyoofotheolitigation.oo

4.oCostoofocareoandokeepingoofoanimalopendingolitigation.—o

(1)oo xxxxxoooooxxxxxxooooooooxxxxxxxoo

(2)oo TheomagistrateoshallouseotheoratesospecifiedobyotheoStateoBoardoaso theo minimumo specifiedo rateso foro transport,o maintenanceo ando treatmentoofotheoseizedoanimalsounderosub-sectiono(4)oofosectiono35o ofotheoAct.oo

(3)oo xxxxxooooxxxxxxooooooxxxxxxxoooooxxxxxoo

5.oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXo

6.oo Abandonedoanimal.—oo

(1)oo Inocaseowhereotheoinvestigatingoofficerofilesoaoreportothatoprimao facieooffenceounderotheoActohasobeenomadeooutobutoheoisounableotoo determineo theo accusedo oro theo ownero ofo theo animal,o theno theo magistrateoshallodirectotheolocaloauthorityotooundertakeotheocostso involvedoandoitoshallobeodeemedothatotheoownerohasorelinquishedo theoownershipoofotheoanimal.oo

(2)oo Theo relinquishmento ofo ownershipo shallo haveo noo effecto ono anyo criminalochargesoagainstotheounknownooffenderoorotheoowner.oo

7.oo Voluntaryorelinquishment.—o o Nothingoinotheseorulesoshallobeoconstruedotoopreventotheovoluntaryo andopermanentorelinquishmentoofoanyoanimalobyotheoownerowhooiso theo accused,o too infirmary,o pinjarapole,o SPCA,o Animalo Welfareo Organisationo oro Gaushalao ino lieuo ofo executingo ao bondo buto theo voluntaryoandopermanentorelinquishmentoshallohaveonooeffectoono anyocriminalochargesoagainstotheoaccusedooroowner.o 8-9o XXXXXXXXXXXXXo

(iii)o PREVENTIONoOFoCRUELTYoTOoANIMALSo(ESTABLISHMENTo ANDo REGULATIONo OFo SOCIETIESo FORo PREVENTIONo OFo CRUELTYoTOoANIMALS)oRULES,o2001o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -70-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o Notifiedoono26.03.2001ounderoSectiono38(1)oando(2)oofotheoPreventionoofoCrueltyo tooAnimalsoAct,o1960o "2.oo Definitionso.-Inotheseorules,ounlessotheocontextootherwiseorequires,-o o (a)oo xxxxo o xxxxo o xxxxo

(b)oo "Animalo Welfareo Organisation"o meanso ao Welfareo Organisationo foro animalso whicho iso registeredo undero theo SocietiesoRegistrationoActoofo1860o(21oofo1860)ooroanyoothero correspondingo lawo foro theo timeo beingo ino forceo ando recognisedobyotheoBoardoorotheoCentraloGovernment;o

(c)oo xxxxo o xxxxo o xxxxoo

(d)oo "localo authority"o meanso ao municipalo boardo ofo municipalo committee,oaoStateoAnimaloWelfareoBoard,odistrictoboardooro anyo localo animalo welfareo organisationo authorisedo byo anyo lawoforotheocontroloandoadministrationoofoanyomatterorelatingo tooanimalsowithinoaospecifiedolocaloareas.o

(e)oo "Society"o meanso Societyo foro Preventiono ofo Crueltyo too Animalso (hereinaftero referredo too aso SPCA)o establishedo ino anyodistrictounderotheoSocietiesoRegistrationoAct,o1860o(21oofo 1860)ooroanyootherocorrespondingolawoapplicableoinoaostateo ando shallo includeo theo existingo SPCAo functioningo ino anyo district.o

(f)oo xxxxo o xxxxo o xxxxo

3.oo SocietyoforoPreventionoofoCrueltyotooanimalsoinoaodistricto.-o

(1)oo EveryoStateoGovernmentoshallobyonotificationoinotheoOfficialo Gazette,o establish,o aso soono aso mayo beo ando ino anyo evento withinosixomonthsofromotheodateoofocommencementoofotheseo rules,oaosocietyoforoeveryodistrictoinotheoStateotoobeotheoSPCAo inothatodistrict.o Providedo thato anyo societyo foro Preventiono ofo Crueltyo too Animalso functioningo ino anyo districto ono theo dateo ofo commencementoofotheseorulesoshallocontinueotoodischargeoitso functionsotilloestablishmentoofotheoSPCAoinothatodistrictoundero CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -71-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(2)oo TheoManagingoCommitteeoofotheoSocietyoshallobeoappointedo byotheoStateoGovernmentoorotheolocaloauthorityoofotheodistricto consistingo ofo ao Chairpersono too beo appointedo byo theo Stateo Governmentoorotheolocaloauthorityoofotheodistrict,oasotheocaseo mayobeowithotheoconcurrenceoofotheoBoardoandoshalloconsisto ofo sucho numbero ofo othero memberso aso mayo beo consideredo necessaryobyotheoStateoGovernmentoorotheolocaloauthorityoofo theodistrictosubjectotootheoconditionothat-o

(i)o atoleastotwoomembersoshallobeorepresentativesoofotheo Animalo Welfareo Organisationso whicho areo activelyo involvedo ino theo worko ofo preventiono ofo crueltyo too animalso ando welfareo ofo animalso preferablyo fromo withinotheodistrict;oando

(ii)oo atoleastotwoomembersoshallobeotheopersonsoelectedobyo theogeneralobodyoofomembersoofotheoSociety.o

(3)oo Theo dutieso ando powerso ofo theo Societyo shallo beo too aido theo Government,otheoBoardoandolocaloauthorityoinoenforcingotheo provisionso ofo theo Acto ando too makeo sucho bye-lawso ando guidelineso aso ito mayo deemo necessaryo foro theo efficiento dischargeoofoitsoduties.o

(4)oo TheoSociety,ooroanyopersonoauthorizedobyoitoinothisobehalf,oifo ito oro heo haso reasonableo groundso foro believingo thato anyo personohasocommittedoanooffenceounderotheoAct,oitoorosucho authorizedo persono mayo requireo sucho persono too produceo forthwithoanyoanimaloinohisopossession,ocontrol,ocustodyooro ownership,o oro anyo license,o permito oro anyo othero documento grantedotoosuchopersonoororequiredotoobeokeptobyohimoundero theoprovisionsoofotheoActoandomayostopoanyovehicleooroentero intooanyopremisesoinoorderotooconductoaosearchooroinquiryo ando mayo seizeo ano animalo ino respecto ofo whicho ito oro sucho authorizedo persono haso reasono too believeo thato ano offenceo undero theo Acto iso beingo committed,o ando dealo witho ito ino CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -72-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(5)o oInoadditionotootheopowersoconferredobyotheseorules,otheoStateo Governmento may,o ino consultationo witho theo Board,o confero sucho othero powerso upono anyo Societyo foro exercisingo theo powersoandodischargingotheofunctionsoassignedotooitoundero theseorules.o

4.o oSettingoupoofoinfirmariesoandoanimaloshelterso.-o

(1)oo Everyo Stateo Governmento shallo provideo adequateo lando ando otherofacilitiesotootheoSocietyoforotheopurposeoofoconstructingo infirmariesoandoanimaloshelters.o

(2)oo Everyoinfirmaryoandoanimaloshelteroshallohave,-o

(i)oo aofullotimeoveterinaryodoctoroandootherostaffoforotheo effectiveorunningoandomaintenanceoofosuchoinfirmaryo oroanimaloshelter;oando

(ii)oo ano administratoro whoo shallo beo appointedo byo theo Society.o

(3)oo EveryoSocietyoshall,othroughoitsoadministratoroorootherwise,o superviseo theo overallo functioningo ofo theo infirmarieso ando animalosheltersounderoitsocontroloandojurisdiction.o

(4)oo Allocattleopoundsoandopinjrapolesoownedoandorunobyoaolocalo authorityoshallobeomanagedobyosuchoauthorityojointlyowithotheo SocietyooroAnimaloWelfareoOrganisations."o

(iv)o ANIMALoBIRTHoCONTROLoRULES,o2023o o Notifiedoono10.03.2023ounderoSectiono38(1)oando(2)oofoPreventionoofo CrueltyotooAnimalsoAct,o1960o "1.oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXo

2.oo Definition:-oo

(1)oo Inotheseorules,ounlessotheocontextootherwiseorequires,o-o

(a)oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXo

(b)o "Animalo Birtho Controlo enter"o meanso ao veterinaryo facilityo witho surgicalo infrastructure,o post-operativeo careo kennels,o quarantineo kennels,oisolationokennels,odogotransportovehiclesowithonecessaryo logisticsoandootherosuchofacilitiesoasospecifiedobyotheoBoard,obuilto CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -73-o 2023:PHHC:107430 forotheopurposeoofocarryingooutotheoAnimaloBirthoControloProgramo forostreetodogs;o

(c)oo "Animalo Birtho Controlo program"o meanso Birtho Controlo programo carriedooutoforoanimalounderotheseoRulesobyoaolocaloauthorityooroano animalowelfareoorganisation.o

(d)o "AnimaloShelter"omeansoplaceowhereostrayoorostreetooroabandonedo animalsoareokeptoforoadoptionooro rehabilitation,ogeneralotreatmentowhileotheyoareoillooroinjured;o

(e)oo "AnimaloWelfareoCommittee"omeansocommitteeoconstitutedoundero theseorulesofororesolutionoofotheocommunityodogofeeding;o

(f)oo "AnimaloWelfareoOrganisation"omeansoanyoOrganisationoworkingo foro welfareo ofo animalso whicho iso registeredo undero theo Societieso RegistrationoActoofo1860o(21oofo1860)ooroanyocorrespondingolawo forotheotimeobeingoinoforceoandowhichoisorecognisedobyotheoAnimalo WelfareoBoardoofoIndiaoasoperotheoextantopolicyoofotheoBoard;o

(g)-(l)oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXo

(m)oo "localo authority"o meanso ao Municipalo Committee,o Municipalo Council,o Districto Administration,o Districto Panchayatso oro Board,o CantonmentoBoardoorootheroauthorityoforotheotimeobeingoinvestedo byo theo lawo witho theo controlo ando administrationo ofo anyo matterso withinoaospecifiedolocaloarea;o

(n)oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXo

(o)oo "Owner"omeansotheoOwneroofoanoanimaloandoincludesoanyoothero personooroanyootheroorganisationooroassociationoinopossessionooro custodyoofosuchoanimalowhetherowithoorowithoutotheoconsentoofotheo owner;o

(p)-(t)oXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXo

(2)oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXo

3.oo ProjectoRecognition:oo

(1)oo Theo localo authorityo mayo conducto theo Animalo Birtho Controlo programothroughotheiroownoveterinaryoofficers,ooroiforequired,olocalo authorityo mayo engageo theo serviceso ofo ano Animalo Welfareo OrganisationowhichoisodulyorecognisedobyotheoBoardoforoAnimalo BirthoControloandowhichohasotheorequisiteotraining,oexpertiseoando CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -74-o 2023:PHHC:107430 humano resources,o foro conductingo theo Animalo Birtho Controlo programoasoperotheoextantopolicyoofotheoBoard.oo (2-14)oo xxxxxoooooxxxxxxoooooxxxxxxxo 4-6.oo o xxxxxoooooxxxxxxoooooxxxxxxxo

7.oo Classificationoofoanimals:-oo o Animalsoclassifiedoforotheopurposeoofotheseorulesoareoasounder:o

(1)oo Petoanimalso–odogsoownedoandokeptoindoorobyoindividuals;o

(2)oo StreetodogsoorocommunityoownedoIndianodogsooroabandonedo pedigreedodogsowhichoareohomeless,olivingoonotheostreetooro withinoaogatedocampus.o

8.oo ResponsibilityoforoVaccinationoandoSterilisation:-oo

(1)oo Ino caseo ofo peto animals,o theo ownero ofo theo animalo shallo beo responsibleoforotheodeworming,oimmunisationoandosterilisation.o

(2)oo Inocaseoofostreetoanimals,otheolocaloauthorityoshallobeoresponsibleo forodeworming,oimmunisationoandosterilisationoandomayoengageoano Animalo Welfareo Organisationo dulyo recognisedo byo theo Boardo too carryooutotheoanimalobirthocontroloprogramoinoaccordanceowitho theseoruleso

9.oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXo

10.oo ObligationsoofotheoLocaloAuthority:-o

(1)oo Theolocaloauthorityoshalloensureofollowingofacilitiesoareoavailableo inoeachoAnimaloBirthoControloCenterowithinotheirojurisdiction:-o

(a)oo sufficiento numbero ofo kennelso ando veterinaryo hospitalo facilitieso whicho mayo beo managedo byo localo authorityo oro animalowelfareoorganisation;o

(b)oo requisiteonumberoofovansowithonecessaryomodificationsoforo safeohandlingoandotransportationoofodogs;o

(c)oo ao mobileo Operationo Theatreo Vano equippedo witho surgicalo infrastructureo too beo providedo aso mobileo Centero foro sterilisationo ando immunisationo foro smallero localo bodies,o whereo consideredo necessaryo ando whereo kennelso foro post-operativeocareoareoavailable;o

(d)oo incineratorso too beo installedo byo theo localo authorityo foro disposaloofoorgansoandocarcassesoandowhereoanoincineratoro isonotofeasible,odeepoburialomethodomayobeoadopted.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -75-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(e)oo periodicorepairoandomaintenanceoofoAnimaloBirthoControlo Center.o (f-g)o xxxxxxxooooooxxxxxxxoooooxxxxxo

(h)o Recordso foro catching,o release,o medicine,o surgery,o feeding,o vaccinationso ofo allo animalso broughto too theo Animalo Birtho ControloCenterotoobeomaintained.o

(2)oo Theolocaloauthorityoshalloreimburseotheoexpensesoofosterilisationooro immunisationo ono ao regularo basis,o ifo theo serviceso ofo ano animalo welfareoorganisationohaveobeenoengaged.o

(3)oo Theo localo Animalo Birtho Controlo Monitoringo Committeeo shallo beo constitutedobyotheoLocaloAuthorityoandoitoshallomeetoatoleastoonceo everyo montho too assesso theo progresso madeo witho regardo too implementationoofotheoAnimaloBirthoControloProgram.o

(4)oo Theolocaloauthorityoshalloinquireointootheomatteroofoviolationoofo theseorulesoonoreceiptoofotheocomplaintoagainstotheoAnimaloBirtho ControloCenteroandoshalloterminateoorosuspendoanyoengagemento withosuchoanoorganisationoonotheobasisoofotheorecommendationoofo theo Localo Animalo Birtho Controlo Monitoringo Committeeo oro theo Board.o

(5)oo Theo localo authorityo mayo conducto theo Animalo Birtho Controlo programo througho it'so owno staffo byo creatingo ao Specialo Purposeo VehicleoandointimateotheoBoardoinoaccordanceowithosub-ruleo(6)oofo ruleo3.o

(6)oo Theo Specialo Purposeo Vehicleo shallo hireocontractualo oro fullo timeo veterinarians,ohandlers,odriversoandoparaveterinariansowhooshallo implementotheoprogramoandosuchoshallonotosub-letoanyopartoofotheo AnimaloBirthoControloProjectotooanyootheroagency.o

(7)oo Theolocaloauthorityoshallobeoresponsibleoforoensuringothatotheostaffo hiredobyotheoSpecialoPurposeoVehicleohaveobeenosuitablyotrainedo andoareoadheringotooalloconditionsoinotheseorulesoandotheoModuleo andotheoProjectoInchargeoappointedobyotheolocaloauthorityoshallonoto beoaopartoofotheoSpecialoPurposeoVehicle.o

11.oo Capturingoorosterilisationooroimmunisationoororelease:-oo

(1)oo Capturingo ofo streeto dogso shallo beo conductedo foro theo followingo reasonsonamely:-o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -76-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(a).oo Generalo purpose:o foro whicho theo localo authorityo ino consultationowithotheoMonitoringoCommitteesoshallodecideotoo controlotheoexcessopopulationoofostreetodogsothroughoanimalo birthocontroloprogramoinoaospecificoareaoororegion.o

(b).oo Specifico complaints:o foro whicho theo localo authorityo ino consultationowithotheoMonitoringoCommitteeoshallosetoupoano AnimaloComplaintoCelloatotheoAnimaloBirthoControloCentero tooreceiveoinformationoorocomplaintsoaboutodogobitesofromo streetodogsosuspectedotoobeosufferingofromoRabies.o

(2)o Theodogocapturingoteamoshalloconsistoof:-o

(i)oo theodriveroofotheovan;o

(ii)oo twoo oro moreo trainedo employeeso ofo theo localo authorityo oro AnimaloWelfareoOrganisationowhooareotrainedoinohumanelyo capturingostreetodogs;oando

(iii)oo Oneo representativeo ofo anyo ofo theo Animalo Welfareo Organisationonominatedoforotheopurpose;o Providedo thato eacho membero ofo theo capturingo squado shallo carryoaovalidoidentityocardoissuedobyotheolocaloauthority.o (3-19)oxxxxxxxxxoooooxxxxxxxxxxxoooxxxxxxxxxxo o

(20)oo InoorderotoocarryooutotheoAnimaloBirthoControlosurgeriesosafelyoando humanely,otheoImplementingoAgencyoshalloabideobyotheodirectionso givenobyotheoBoardoregardingotheoStandardoOperatingoProcedureso inotheoModuleofromotimeotootime.o 12-22oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"o o POLICY/BYE-LAWSoNOTIFIEDoBYoTHEoSTATEoOFoHARYANAo o

(i)o DEENo DAYALo UPADHYAYAo ANTYODAYAo PARIVARo SURAKSHAoYOJANAo(DAYALU-II)o o NOTIFIEDoONo24.05.2023o o No.oPlg(HPSN)-2023/494.―oTheoGovernmentoofoHaryanaoherebyonotifiesotheo schemeo Deeno Dayalo Upadhyayao Antyodayao Parivaro Surakshao Yojanao (DAYALU-II)otooprovideofinancialoassistanceotooresidentsoofoHaryanaoinocaseoofo accidentalodeathooropermanentodisabilityooccurredodueotoostrayocattle/animal/dogo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -77-o 2023:PHHC:107430 bite.oThisoschemeowilloprovideoanoassistanceowhichowouldovaryodependingoono theoageoofotheopersonoatotheotimeoofoaccidentalodeath/permanentodisability.oo General:oo

(a)oo 'Beneficiary'o meanso member(s)o ofo ao familyo havingo Familyo ID/o PPPo number.oo

(b)oo 'Claimant'o meanso theo beneficiaryo (ino caseo ofo permanento disability)o oro eligibleorelativeo(inocaseoofodeath)oonobehalfoofotheobeneficiaryoapplyingotoo claimotheoassistanceoamountounderoDAYALU-II.oo

(c)oo 'DAYALU-II'o meanso Deeno Dayalo Upadhyayao Antyodayao Parivaro SurakshaoYojana-II.oo

(d)oo 'Accident'o meano deatho oro permanento disabilityo occurredo dueo too strayo cattle/animal/dogobite.oo

(e)oo 'Strayocattle/animal'omeansoanimalosuchoasocow,obull,ooxen,odonkey,odogo bite,omule,onilgaioandobuffaloothatoroamofreely.oo

(f)oo 'Permanento Disability'o meanso 70%o oro aboveo permanento disabilityo ono accountoofoaccidentoasocertifiedobyotheoMedicaloAuthority.oo

(g)oo 'State'omeansotheoStateoofoHaryana.oo

(h)oo 'Trust/HPSN'omeansoHaryanaoParivaroSurakshaoNyas.oo Eligibility:oo

(a)oo Theobenefitsoofoassistanceounderotheoschemeowillobeomadeoavailableotooallo theoresidentsoofoHaryanaohavingoFamilyoID/ParivaroPehchanoPatrao(PPP)o number.oo

(b)oo Theoschemeowillocomeointootheoforcesofromotheodateoofonotificationoinotheo officialo gazetteo ando anyo claimo madeo undero thiso schemeo foro theo death/permanentodisabilityopriorotoothisodateowillonotobeoentertained.oo

(c)oo Undero theo scheme,o compensationo willo beo giveno onlyo foro deatho oro permanento disabilityo occurredo dueo too strayo cattle/animal/dogo biteo ofo ao beneficiary.oo AmountoofoAssistance:o o Theoschemeowilloprovideotheobelowomentionedoassistanceowhichowouldo varyodependingoonotheoageoofotheobeneficiary:-o Sr.o Ageo Assistanceoamounto No.o

1.o uptoo12oyearso Rs.1olakho

2.o aboveo 12o yearso ando uptoo 18o Rs.2olakho CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -78-o 2023:PHHC:107430

3.o aboveo 18o yearso ando uptoo 25o Rs.3olakho yearso

4.o aboveo 25o yearso ando uptoo 40o Rs.5olakho yearso

5.o aboveo40oyearso Rs.2olakho o ClaimoProcedure:o a.oo Theoclaimoshallobeofiledobyobeneficiary/claimantothroughotheoonlineoportalo ofo theo schemeo https://dapsy.finhry.gov.in/o foro compensationo ino caseo ofo accidentalodeath/opermanentodisability.oo b.oo Theo applicanto shallo submito theo followingo documentso onlineo witho theo claim:-oo I.oo Inocaseoofodeathoo

(a)oo Deathocertificateoo

(b)oo CopyoofoFIR/DDRoindicatingodeathodueotooaccidentocausedo dueotoostrayocattle/animal/dogobite.oo II.oo Inocaseoofopermanentodisabilityoo

(a)oo Permanento disabilityo certificateo fromo Medicalo Authorityo issuedoafterotheoimplementationoofotheoschemeo(i.e.odateoofo notification)oshowingopermanentodisabilityo70%ooroaboveoono accounto ofo anyo accidento causedo dueo too strayo cattle/animal/dogobite.oo

(b)oo Hospitalodischargeosummary.oo

(c)oo CopyoofoFIR/DDRoindicatingoaccidentocausedodueotoostrayo cattle/animal/odogobite.oo c.oo Tooestablishotheogenuinenessoofotheoclaimoandoidentityoofotheoclaimant(s),o theo decidingo authorityo mayo seeko anyo furthero documentso fromo theo claimant(s),oasoheodeemsonecessary,oforosettlementoofoclaim.oo d.oo Inocaseoofodeath,otheoassistanceoamountowillobeopaidotootheoHeadoofotheo familyoinotheirobankoaccountoregisteredoinotheoPPPodatabaseoorolinkedotoo theoAadhaaronumberoofoheadoofotheofamily.oo e.oo Inocaseoofopermanentodisability,otheoassistanceoamountowillobeopaidotootheo beneficiaryoinohisobankoaccountoregisteredoinotheoPPPodatabaseoorolinkedo tootheoAadhaaronumberoofoHeadoofotheofamily.oo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -79-o 2023:PHHC:107430 f.oo InocaseoofodeathoofotheoHeadoofofamilyoinoPPP,otheoassistanceoamountowillo beopaidotootheoeldestomemberoofotheofamilyobelowotheoageoofo60oyearsoino PPPodatabase.oo ImplementingoAgency:oo o TheoimplementingoagencyoforotheoDAYALU-IIowillobeoHaryanaoParivaro SurakshaoNyaso(HPSN),oGovernmentoofoHaryana.oTheodetailedoStandardo OperatingoProcedureso(SOPs)oforoimplementationoofotheoschemeoareobeingo issuedoseparately."o o

(ii)o THEoHARYANAoMUNICIPALoACT,o1973o o Sectiono66-A.o Powerso ando Functionso ofo Municipalities.―Theo StateoGovernmento may,obyoorder,oentrustotheomunicipalitiesowithosucho powersoandofunctionsoasoinstitutionsoofoselfogovernmentoandotooassignotoo themotasksorelatingotoo (i-ix)o o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(xv)o o cattleopounds,opreventionoofocrueltyotooanimalso (xvi-xviii)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo o o o o XXXXXXXXo Sectiono117.oooDisposaloofomadoandostrayodogsoandootheroanimals.-o

(1)oo Theocommitteeomay,-o

(a)o authorizeoanyoperson-o i.oo toodestroy,oorocauseotoobeodestroyed,ooroconfine,oorocauseotoo beoconfinedoforosuchoperiodoasotheocommitteeomayodirect,o anyodogoorootheroanimalosuffering,oororeasonablyosuspectedo toobeosufferingofromorabiesoorobittenobyoanyodogooroothero animalosufferingooorosuspectedoasoaforesaid;o ii.o too confine,o oro causeo too beo confinedo anyo dogso foundo wandering,oaboutostreetsooropublicoplacesowithoutocollarsooro othero markso distinguishingo themo aso privateo propertyo ando chargeo ao feeo foro sucho detentiono ando destroyo oro otherwiseo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -80-o 2023:PHHC:107430 disposeoofoanyosuchodogoifoitoisonotoclaimedowithinooneoweek,o andotheofeeoisonotopaid;o

(b)o issueoaotemporaryoorostandingoorderothatoanyodogs,owithoutocollarso oro othero markso distinguishingo themo aso privateo property,o foundo strayingoonotheostreetsoorobeyondotheoenclosuresoofotheohousesoofo theoownersoofosuchodogsomayobeodestroyedoandodestroyoorocauseo themotoobeodestroyedoaccordingly.oPubliconoticeoshallobeogivenoofo everyosuchoorder.o

(2)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(iii)o THEoHARYANAoMUNICIPALoCORPORATIONoACT,o1994o Sectiono311.o RegistrationoandoControloofodogs.-o

(1)oo TheoCorporationomay,obyoobyeolawsomadeoinothisobehalf―o o (aotood)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(2)o TheoCommissioneromay-o

(a)oo causeotoobeodestroyed,oorotoobeoconfinedoforosuchoperiodoasoheomayo direct,o anyo dogo oro othero animalo whicho iso ,o oro iso reasonablyo suspectedotoobeosufferingofromorabies,oorowhichohasobeenobittenobyo anyodogoorootheroanimalosufferingoorosuspectedotoobeosufferingofromo rabies;o

(b)o byopubliconoticeodirectothat,oafterosuchodateoasomayobeospecifiedoino theo notice,o dogso whicho areo withouto collarso ofo withouto marks,o distinguishingothemoasoprivateopropertyoandoareofoundostrayingoono theostreetsoorobeyondotheoenclosuresoofotheohousesoofotheiroowners,o ifo any,o mayo beo destroyedo ando causeo themo too beo destroyedo accordingly.o (3-5)o o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo XXXXXXXXXXXXo o Sectiono332.o Seizureoofocertainoanimals.-o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -81-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(1)o Ifoanyohorses,ocattleoorootheroquadrupedoanimalsoorobirdsoareokeptoonoanyo premisesoinocontraventionoofotheoprovisionoofosectiono331ooroareofoundo abandonedoandoroamingoorotetheredooroanyostreetooropublicoplaceooroono anyolandobelongingotootheoCorporation,otheoCommissionerooroanyoofficero empoweredobyohimomayoseizeothemoandomayocauseothemotoobeoimpoundedo ororemovedotoosuchoplaceoasomayobeoappointedobyotheoGovernmentoorotheo Corporationoforothisopurposeoandocostoofoseizureoofotheseoanimalsoorobirdso andoofoimpoundingoororemovingothemoandoofofeedingoandowateringothem,o shallobeorecoverableobyosaleooroauctionoofotheseoanimalsoorobirds:oo Providedothatoanyooneoclaimingosuchoanimalsoorobirdsomay,owithino seveno dayso ofo theo seizureo geto themo releasedo ono hiso payingo allo expensesoincurredobyotheoCommissioneroinoseizing,oimpoundingooro removingoandoinofeedingoandowateringosuchoanimalsoorobirds,oando onohiso producingo ao licenceo foro keepingotheseo animalso ando birdso issuedounderotheoprovisionsoofosectiono331.o

(2)oo Whenevero theo Commissionero iso ofo theo opiniono thato theo usero ofo anyo premisesoforoanyoofotheopurposesoreferredotooinosub-sectiono(1)oofosectiono 331o iso causingo ao nuisanceo ando sucho nuisanceo shouldo beo immediatelyo stoppedotheoCommissioneromayoorderotheoowneroorotheooccupieroofotheo premisesotoostoposuchonuisanceowithinosuchotimeoasomayobeospecifiedoino theoordero ando inotheo eventoofotheo failureo ofo theoownero orooccupierotoo complyowithosuchoorder,otheoCommissioneromayohimselfoforobyoanoofficero subordinateotoohim,ocauseosuchouserotoobeostopped.o

(3)oo Withoutoprejudiceotootheoforegoingoprovisionoofothisosectionoanyopersono byowhomooroatowhoseoinstanceoanyohorses,ocattleoorootheroquadrupedso animalso oro birdso areo soo kept,o abandonedo oro tethered,o shallo alsoo beo punishableounderothisoAct.o XXXXXXXXXXXo Sectiono392oo Powersotoomakeoby-laws.-o

(1)oo Subjecto too theo provisionso ofo thiso Act,o theo Corporationo mayo ino additionotooanyobyeolawowhichoitoisoempoweredotoomakeounderoanyo CWP-22904 of 2016 + 192 cases -82-2023:PHHC:107430

ot9eropro:isionoo<ot9isoA;t&o67@eoCBe.A7?sotoopro:ideo<oro7AAooro7nBo o<ot9eo<oAAo?in8o67tters&on76eAB5.o o o AotooDoo TJJJJJJJJJJJo E.oo !Beo"7?soreA7tin8otooS7nit7tiono7ndop=CAi;o9e7At9.o -'.*/ooJJJJJJJJooooJJJJJJJJJJJooooJJJJJJJJJJo -2/oo t9eoseiO=reoo<oo?nerAesso7ni67Asostr7Bin8o?it9inot9eoAi6itsoo<o t9eoM=ni;ip7Ao7re7o7ndot9eore8=A7tiono7ndo;ontroAoo<opondsGo -3.')/oo JJJJJJJJooooJJJJJJJJJJJooooJJJJJJJJJJo ,=v/o HARYANAo .UNICIPA1o ,REGI2TRATIONo ANDo PROPERo CONTRO1oO5oDOG2/oBYEo1A'2Co2 !.o "1. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

¶2Definitions. – In these bye-laws, unless the context otherwise requires, -

(a) "Act" means the Haryana Municipal Act, 1973 (24 of 1973);

(b) "Animal Welfare Organization" means and includes the Society for prevention of cruelty to animals and any other welfare organization for animals which is registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), or any other corresponding law for the time being in force and which is recognized by the Animal Welfare Board of India, constituted under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 (59 of 1960);

(c) "Court" means the civil Court having jurisdiction over the area;

(d) "dog" means a dog and includes a bitch;

(e) XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

(f) XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

(g) "owner" means the owner of a dog and includes any other person in possession or custody of such dog whether with or without the consent of the owner;

(h) XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

¶3Registration of dogs. – CWP-22904 of 2016 + 192 cases

(1) The owner of every dog kept or brought within the committee, shall, on or before the 1st day of April in each year or within seven days of its arrival in the municipal area, get the dog registered at the office of the committee in Form A. (2-6) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx

(7)

(a) Any dog without collar or other marks distinguishing them

as private property and not wearing the metal token of

registration in accordance with clause (3), if found straying

on the street or beyond the enclosures of the house of the

owner of such dog, may be detained at the direction of the

person authorized by the committee to carry out these

duties and destroyed or otherwise disposed of it not claimed

within one week. A fee of Rs. 50/- per day or part thereof,

will be leviable on, and recoverable from, the owner for

such period of detention in a place named by the

committee.

(b) It shall be the duty of the owner of the dog who has been suffering from or is suspected of rabies to report the matter without delay to the licensing authority.

(c) The licensing authority may, after reasonable notice, require the owner or person incharge of a dog suffering or reasonably suspected to be suffering from rabies to deliver the same to any specified official of the committee. The licensing authority may either cause the animal to be destroyed forthwith or send it to the veterinary hospital, for observation for a period of not more than fourteen days. The expenses of such observation and detention will be paid by the owner.

(d) No damages shall be payable in respect of dog destroyed or otherwise disposed of under sub-clause (a) or (c). 4-7.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

¶8Dangerous dogs. –

(1) On complaint made to the licensing authority that a dog which appears to it to be dangerous and not kept under proper control, CWP-22904 of 2016 + 192 cases

the licensing authority may order the owner of the dog to keep the dog under proper control. The penalty for failing to comply with such order shall be Rs. 200/- or Rs. 10/- per day whichever is more. Notice of penalty shall be given to the owner during the period of non-compliance. If the owner fails to comply with the order of licensing authority and fails to keep his dangerous dog in proper control then the [licensing authority shall move the Court for its destruction in accordance with the law].

(2) Appeal may be filed within 15 days against a destruction order of the Court in appellate Court.

¶9Mad Dogs. – If a mad dog or a dog suspected of being mad is found under the custody of the owner of the dog, the licensing authority may issue notice to the owner directing dog to be confined on account of suspicious of canine madness or any suffering pet dog to be at large, during the time specified, in any street within municipal limits so as not to cause any harm to anybody. A person contravening the order is liable to a penalty of Rs. 200/- and dogs found at large in contravention of the order may be treated as stray dogs.

¶10xxxxxx xxxxxx

¶11Seizure, detention and sterilization of stray dogs. –

(1) An official duly authorised by licensing authority may seize any dog found in highway or public place, which he has reason to believe to be a stray dog and detain it for a week or until the owner has claimed for it and paid all expenses incurred by the committee for its detention. If the dog wears a collar with an address on or attached to it, or the owner of the dog is known, the committee may serve on the person whose address is given, or on the owner, written notice stating that the dog has been seized and is liable to be sold or culled if not claimed within seven clear days after the service.

(2) The stray dogs found moving in streets/roads/any public place within the municipal limits by the private individual, Animal Welfare Organization(s) shall be caught and handed over to the CWP-22904 of 2016 + 192 cases -85-2023:PHHC:107430

official incharge of the committee for impounding the stray dogs in the enclosure fixed for the purpose by the committee. The above said enclosure shall have a boundary wall of such height as the dogs inside the enclosure is not able to cross/jump the boundary wall. The enclosure shall have the provision of a pond of the size of 20' x 20' mean size of the depth of 2 in Trapezoidal shape with side slope of 1 : 4. [(3) The stray dogs shall be sterilized and immunized by the veterinary doctor in the enclosure fixed for impounding the stray dogs with the help of Animal Welfare Organisations and the cost of sterilization and immunization shall be borne by the concerned municipal committee. The requirement of stray dogs in the impounding campus shall be met out by the Animal Welfare Organisation(s)/Non-Government Organisations/committee.]

¶12444444444444%o ,v/o THEoHARYANAo.UNICIPA1o,REGI2TRATIONoANDoPROPERo CONTRO1oO5o2TRAYoANI.A12/oBYEo1A'2Co2 6o "1.o 4444444444444o

¶2Definitions.o 2notheseobye-laws,ounlessotheoconte;tootherwiseore"uires,-o &a'oo 4444444444444o &b'oo >animal>omeansoanyoheJsheobuffalo,ohorse,ocamel,ocow,ocalf,o bull,opony,odonkey,ogoat,osheep,opig,oelephant,onealogayen,o deeroetc (o &c'oo 4444444444444o &d'oo 4444444444444o &e'oo >cattleopound>omeansoanoenclosureowhereoallotypesoofostrayo animalsoareokeptoafterobeingoimpounded(o &f'-&k'o4444444444444o

¶3Registration/Renewal of Animals.o &a'oo Theoowneroofoeveryoanimalokeptoorobroughtowithinotheocommittee,o shall,oonoorobeforeotheo.stodayoofo+priloinoeachoyearoorowithinoseveno daysoofoitsoarrivaloinotheomunicipaloarea,ogetotheoanimaloregisteredo atotheoofficeoofotheocommitteeoino/ormo+,ofailingowhichoaopenaltyoofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -86-o 2023:PHHC:107430 threeotimesotheoregistrationofeeoforosuchoanimalsoshallobeoimposedo onotheoowner,o (b-g)ooxxxxxxxxxxoooooxxxxxxxxxxxxxo

4.oo Constructionoofocattleopoundoandoitsomaintenance.o

(a)oo Theocommitteeoshalloconstructoaocattleopoundoofosufficientocapacityo foro Impoundingo theo strayo cattle.o Anyo animalo witho oro withouto BrandingoCodeooforegistrationoinoaccordanceowithoClauseo3(c),oIfo foundostrayingoonotheostreetsoorobeyondotheoenclosuresoofotheohouseo ofotheoowneromayobeodetainedoinoaocattleopoundoatotheodirectionoofo theopersonoauthorizedobyotheocommitteeoandoshallobeodisposedoofoino theomanneroasomayobeodecidedobyotheocommittee,oifonotoclaimedo withinoao week.o Aofeeo willo beo leviableoando recoverableo fromo theo owner,o foro sucho periodo ofo detentiono ofo theo animalo ino theo cattleo poundooroatoaoplaceospecifiedobyotheocommitteeoasoperotheorateso notifiedobyotheoCommitteeofromotimeotootime.oInoadditionotootheofee,o feedo chargeso foro impoundedo animalso duringo theo periodo ofo impoundingoshalloalsoobeochargedobyotheocommitteeoasoperorateso fixedobyotheocommittee.o (b-d)o xxxxxxoooxxxxxooxxxxxoo o

(e)oo TheoanimalsobearingoBrandedoCodeoIfofoundostrayingorepeatedlyo moreo thano twoo times,o theo registrationo ofo sucho animalso shallo beo cancelledowithoprioronoticeotootheoowneroandoextraopenaltyoshallobeo chargedoatoratesonotifiedobyotheocommitteeofromotimeotootime.oTheo animaloshallobeoroundedoupobyotheocommitteeoandodealtowithoaso deemedo fit.o Theo ownero shallo haveo noo claimo ofo anyo kindo ono theo animal.o

(f)oo Theseobye-lawsoshalloalsooapplyotootheoanimalsowhichoareobroughto withinotheomunicipalolimitsoevenoforobonaofideoshowopurposesoando theoowneroofosuchoanimalsoshallobeochargedoaofeeotoobeonotifiedobyo theocommitteeofromotimeotootime.o

5.oo Cautionoforotheoownersoofotheoanimals.-o o Nooone,obeingotheoownerooropersonoInchargeoofoanyoanimaloshallo allowoitotoobeoatolargeoinoanyopublicostreetooropublicoplaceowithouto beingomuzzledoandowithoutobeingosecuredobyoaochainoleadoinoanyo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -87-o 2023:PHHC:107430 caseo ino whicho theo animalo iso likelyo too annoyo oro intimidateo anyo person.o

6.oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXo

7.oo Dangerousoanimal.-o

(a)oo Onoaocomplaintobeingomadeotootheolicensingoauthorityoregardingoano animalowhichoappearsotoobeodangerousoandoisonotobeingokeptoundero propero control,o theo licensingo authorityo mayo ordero theo ownero ofo suchoanimalotookeepotheoanimalounderoproperocontrol.oTheopenaltyo foro failingo too complyo witho sucho ordero shallo beo chargedo byo theo committeeoasomayobeonotifiedofromotimeotootime.oNoticeoofopenaltyo shallobeogivenotootheoowneroduringotheoperiodoofonon-ocompliance.o Ifotheoownerofailsotoocomplyowithotheoorderoofolicensingoauthorityo andofailsotookeeposuchodangerousoanimaloinoproperocontrolothenotheo courto havingo theo necessaryo jurisdictiono ordero foro itso suitableo disposal.o

(b)oo Anoappealocanobeofiledoagainstotheoorderoofotheolowerocourtowithino aoperiodoofofifteenodaysobeforeotheoappellateocourt.o

(c)oo Theo ownero oro persono inchargeo ofo ao ferociouso animalo shallo noto allowosuchoanimalotoobeoatolargeowithoutobeingomuzzledoorotoobeoseto onoorourgeosuchoanimalotooattack,oworryoorointimidateoanyoperson,o oroknowingoorohavingoreasonotoobelieveothatoanyoanimalobelongingo toohimooroinohisochargeohasobeenobittenobyoanoanimalosufferingooro reasonablyosuspectedotoobeosufferingofromorabies.oInocaseoheofallso oro neglectso too giveo immediateo informationo ofo thiso facto too theo Executiveo Officer/Secretaryo in-chargeo ofo committeeo oro concealso thiso factooro givesofalseoinformation,oheoshallo beoliableo toopayoao penaltyoatoratesonotifiedobyotheocommitteeooroshallobeoprosecutedoaso pero law.o Theo ferociouso animalo shallo beo impoundedo byo theo committeeoasoperoClauseo4.o

8.oo Injuryotoolivestock.-o Anyopersonowhookeepsoanoanimal,owhichocausesoanyodamageobyo killingooroinjuringotheolivestock,oisoliableoforosuchodamage.oo

9.oo Seizure,oDetentionoandoSterilizationoofoStrayoAnimal.oo

(1)oo Anoofficialodutyoauthorizedobyolicensingoauthorityomayoseizeoanyo animalo foundo ono theo highwayooro ino publico place,o whicho heohaso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -88-o 2023:PHHC:107430 reasonotoobelieveotoobeoaostrayoanimaloandodetainoitoforoaoweekooro untilotheo owneroofosucho animalo haso claimedo foro ito ando paido allo expensesoincurredobyotheocommitteeoforoitsodetentionoinoadditionotoo theofeeoasoperoClauseo4(a).oIfotheoanimalobearsoaoBrandingoCode,o theocommitteeomayoserveoaowrittenonoticeotootheoownerostatingothato theo animalo haso beeno seizedo ando iso liableo too beo soldo byo wayo ofo auctionoorodisposedoofoasomayobeodecidedobyotheocommittee,oifonoto claimedowithinosevenodaysoafterotheoserviceoofotheonotice.o

(2)oo Theostrayoanimalofoundomovingoinostreets/roads/anyopublicoplaceo withino theo municipalo limitso byo theo privateo individual,o Animalo WelfareoOrganization(s)oshallobeocaughtoandohandedooverotootheo officialoinchargeo ofotheocommittee,o foro impoundingoinotheo cattleo poundooroenclosureofixedoforothisopurposeobyotheocommittee.oTheo abovesaidocattleopoundooroenclosureoshallohaveoaoboundaryowalloofo sucho heighto aso theo animalo insideo theo enclosureo iso noto ableo too cross/jump.o

10.oo FundoforocompensationoandoInsurance.o Allotheorevenueocollectedobyowayooforegistration/renewalofeeoando penaltyochargesoshallobeousedoforotheofollowingopurposes,onamely:-o

(a)oo foromaintenanceoofocattleopound;o

(b)oo foropaymentoofocompensationotootheovictimsoofostrayocattle;oo

(c)oo foropaymentoofopremiumoforothirdopartyoinsuranceoofo registeredoanimals;oando

(d)oo costoofoidentificationoandoveterinaryohealthocareoofostrayo animals.o 11-12oo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"o o

(vi)o THEoHARYANAoPANCHAYATIoRAJoACT,o1994o o Sectiono210.oo (1)oo AoGramoPanchayat,oPanchayatoSamitioandoZilao ParishadowithotheopreviousosanctionoofotheoGovernmentoshall,ofromotimeo tootime,omakeobyonotificationoinotheoOfficialoGazette,obye-lawsoconsistento witho theo provisionso ofo thiso Acto ando theo ruleso madeo thereo undero foro carryingooutoallooroanyoofotheopurposesoofothisoAct,oandowithoutoprejudiceo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -89-o 2023:PHHC:107430 too theo generalityo ofo theo foregoingo powerso sucho bye-lawso mayo makeo provisionsoforoallooroanyoofotheofollowingomatters,onamely:-o o (i)-(xxv)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(xxvi)o seizureoandodisposaloofoownerlessoanimalsostrayingowithino theolimitsoofotheoGramoPanchayat,oPanchayatoSamitioandoZilao Parishad;o (xxvii)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo (xxviii)o inspectionoandoproperoregulationoofopremisesousedoasostables,o cowohousesoorohusesooroenclosureoforosheep,ogoatsooroswineo;o ando

(xxix)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(2)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(3)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo o

(vii)o WILDLIFEoPOLICY:oFIXATIONoOFoCOMPENSATIONoNORMSo FORoLOSSo o o TheoGovernmentoofoHaryanaohadoincreasedotheocompensationoforo losso sustainedo dueo too wildo animalso video memoo No.526F-4-2014/2997o datedo

19.02.2014oasoperotheofollowingotable:o Sr.oNo.o Natureo ofo damageo Existingorateo Revisedorateo causedo byo wildo animalsolikeoLeopardo etc.o o o Adulto Minoro Adulto Minoro

(a)o Inocaseoofodeathodueotoo 30,000/-o 20,000/-o 2,00,000/-o 70,000/-o attacko ofo wildo animalo likeoLeopardoetc.o

(b)o Disabilityo causeo too 15,000/-o 10,000/-o 1,00,000/-o 35,000/-o humano bodyo dueo too attackoofowildoanimalso

(c)o InocaseoofodeathoofocattleodueotooliftingobyoLeopard/Hyena/Wolfo o XXXoo XXXoo XXXo o POLICYoFORoTHEoSTATEoOFoPUNJABo

(I)o THEo PUNJABo COMPENSATIONo TOo THEo VICTIMSo OFo ANIMALoATTACKSoANDoACCIDENTSoPOLICY,o2023o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -90-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o NotifiedoOno13.05.2023o "2.o Definitions:-o Inothisopolicy,ounlessotheocontextootherwiseorequires,o

(a)o "Animal"omeansoanyoDog,oBull.oHorse,oCow,oCalf,oPonyooroanyo o otheroostrayoanimalo

(b)o XXXXXXXXXXXXXXo o

(c)oo "Animalo Attack/accidento Compensationo Committee'o meanso o committeeoappointedounderoruleo4oofotheoPolicyooromodifiedobyotheo o Governmentotimeotootime.oo o

(d)k "Competento Authority"o meanso concernedo Commissionero ofo concernedoo Municipalo Corporations,o Executiveo Officero ofo concernedo Municipalo Councils/Nagaro Panchayats,o Sarpancho ofo concernedoGramoPanchayats,oo Executiveo Officero ofo concernedo Panchayato Samities,o Chiefo Executiveo Officer-cum-Additionalo DeputyoCommissionero(Development)oconcernedoZilaoParishidsooro anyootheroauthorityoappointedobyotheogovemmentoforotheopurposeoofo thisopolicy.oo

(e)k "Strayo animal"o meanso anoownerlesso animalo (male/female)o foundo strayingoaroundowithinoStateoofoPunjabo

(f)k XXXXXo o XXXXXXo o XXXXXo o COMPENSATIONoANDoPROCEDUREo o

3.o Granto ofo Compensationo foro accident,o attacko oro deatho witho strayo animal.ooWhosoeveroisotheovictimoofotheoattackobyoanyostrayoanimalooroaccidento causedodueotoostrayoanimaloshallobeoeligibleoforocompensationoasoprovidedoinothiso policy.o

4.o Animalo Attack/accidento Compensationo Committero too determineo o Compensation.o o

(1)oo ThereoshallobeoanoAnimaloAttackoAccidentoCompensationoCommitteeoforo eachoo districtotoodetermineotheoamountoofocompensationotoobeograntedotoo theovictimsoasocausedobyoaccidents/attacksoorodeathsowithostrayoanimalsoo

(2)o TheoAnimaloAttackoAccidentoCompensationoCommitteeoshalloconsistoofo followingoofficers-o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -91-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(i)oo DeputyoCommissionero o o o o o o (Chairman)o o

(ii)o AdditionaloDeputyoCommissionero(UrbanoDevelopment/General)o (Member)o o

(iii)oooooAdditionaloDeputyoCommissionero(Development)o o o (Member)o o

(iv)oo SuperintendentoofoPolice,oTraffico o o o o (Member)o o

(v)oo DistrictoTransportoOfficero o o o o o (Member)o o

(vi)oo ChiefoMedicaloOfficero o o o o o o (Member)o o

(vii)oo DeputyoDirectoro(AnimaloHusbandry)oo o o o (Member)o o

5.oo Applicationoforograntoofocompensationounderotheopolicy:o o TheovictimoofotheoattackoofoanimaloshallofileoanoapplicationoinoForm-Aotoo theo Animalo Attacko Accidento Compensationo Committeeo foro granto ofo compensationoasoperotheoprovisionsoofothisopolicy.o

6.oo NoticeotootheoconcernedoCompetentoAuthority:o o

(1)oo Theo Animalo Attack/Accidento Compensationo Committeeo ono receivingo suchoooapplicationohavingocompleteoinformationoasorequiredounderoClauseo 5,oshalloissueonoticeotootheoconcernedoCompetentoAuthorityounderowhoseo jurisdictionosuchoaccidentohasohappened.o

(2)oo Theoconcernedocompetentoauthorityooroauthorityoauthorizedobyotheosameo shalloverifyotheofactsoandosubmitoitsorecommendationsowithinotheospecifiedo periodo aso giveno byo theo Animalo Attack/Accidento Compensationo Committee.o

(3)oo Inocase,oifotheoAnimaloAttack/AccidentoCompensationoCommitteeofeelso anyo doubto regardingo theo groundso ofo deatho ofo ao deceasedo person,o theo committeeomayomarkoanoenquiryooroappointoanyolocalocommissionerotoo determineotheofactualofactsoofotheohappeningoofosuchoincidentoasocausedobyo strayoanimal.o

(4)oo Theo Animalo Attack/Accidento Compensationo Committeeo shallo examineo theocauses/groundsoofodeathoofoaodeceasedopersonoonotheobasisoofocontentso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -92-o 2023:PHHC:107430 asomentionedoinoFIRoasowelloasotheofactsoasomentionedounderoSectiono174o ofoCr.P.C.o1973.o

7.o Awardo ofo compensationo byo theo Animalo Attack/Accidento CompensationoCommittee:oo o TheoAnimaloAttack/AccidentoCompensationoCommitteeoshalloawardotheo compensationo too theo legalo heirso ofo theo deceasedo persono oro too theo permanentlyo incapacitationo Victimo ofo attacko aftero hearingo theo partieso concernedoandoalsooshallopassodetailedoorderoofoawardoofocompensationooro denyingotheosameoonomeritoofotheocase.o

8.o Compensationotoobeopaid:o o

(1)oo Inocaseoofodeath,otheoamountoofocompensationotootheolegaloheirsoofo aodeceasedopersonoshallobeoRs.oFiveolakh.o o

(2)oo Ino caseo ofo permanento incapacitationo aso certifiedo byo Civilo Surgeon,otheoamountoofocompensationoshallobeoRs.oTwoolakh.o o

(9)oo Fundoforocompensation:oo Inoruraloareas,otheoconcernedoPanchayatioRajoBodiesoandoinourbanoareas,o concernedo Municipalo Councilso Nagaro Panchayatso oro Municipalo Corporationsoshallobeoresponsibleotoopayotheoawardoofocompensationoaso determinedobyoAnimaloAttack/AccidentoCompensationoCommitteeofromo theiroownosourcesoInocaseoGramoPanchayats,oPanchayatoSamitiesooroZilao Parishadsodoonotohaveosufficientofunds,othenotheoChiefoExecutiveoOfficero cumo Additionalo Deputyo Commissionero (Development)o willo sendo ao proposaloforodemandoofofundsotooDepartmentoofoRuraloDevelopmentoando Panchayats.oInotheocasesowhereoGramoPanchayats,oPanchayatoSamities,o Zilao Parishads,o Nagaro Panchayats,o Municipalo Councilso oro Municipalo Corporationsodoonotohaveoadequateofundsoinoorderotoopayotheoawardoofo compensationoasodeterminedobyoAnimaloAttack/AccidentoCompensationo Committee,otheoStateoGovernmentoshalloarrangeotheoadequateofundsoino orderotoopayotheoamountoofocompensationotootheovictim.o

10.oo Authoritiesoliableotoopayocompensation:oo TheoconcernedoUrbanoLocaloAuthorityooroRuraloDevelopmentoDepartmento Authorityoshallobeoresponsibleoforograntoofocompensationotootheovictimoofo suchostrayoanimaloattack/deathohappenedowithinoitsojurisdiction.oo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -93-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o Providedothatoapplicantovictim/deponentoshallomakeosuchoauthorityo asorespondentotooproveotheocaseoagainstotheosame.o o11.oo XXXXXXXXXXXXo o

12.oo Limitation:o Nooclaimomadeobyotheovictimoorodependent(s)oshallobeoentertainedoafteroao periodoofooneoyearofromotheodateoofooccurrenceoofotheoaccidentowithostrayo animalo However,o ino deservingo cases,o ifo theo Animalo Attack/Accidento CompensationoCommitteeofindsovalidoreasonsoforotheodelayobeyondooneo year,othenotheocommitteeocanocondoneosuchodelay.o o o Noosuchoapplicationocanobeoentertainedoafterothreeoyearsoofooccurrenceoofo o accident.o 13o XXXXo XXXXo XXXXo XXXX."o

(ii)o THEoPUNJABoMUNICIPALoACT,o1911o Sectiono109.o Disposalo ofo mado ando strayo dogso ando othero animals.-o

(1)oo Theocommitteeomay-o

(a)o oauthoriseoanyoperson-o

(i)oo toodestroy,oorocauseotoobeodestroyed,ooroconfineoorocauseotoo beoconfinedoforosuchoperiodoasotheoCommitteeomayodirect,o anyodogoorootheroanimalosuffering,oororeasonablyosuspectedo toobeosufferingofromorabies,oorobittenobyoanyodogooroothero animalosufferingoorosuspectedoasoaforesaid;o

(ii)oo too confirm,o oro causeo too beo confinedo ,o anyo dogso foundo wanderingoaboutostreetsooropublicoplacesowithoutocollarsooro othero markso distinguishingo themo aso privateo propertyo ando chargeo ao feeo foro sucho detentiono ando destroyo oro otherwiseo disposeoofoanyosuchodogoifoitoisonotoclaimedowithinooneoweek,o andotheofeeopaid;o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -94-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(b)oo issueoaotemporaryoorostandingoorderothatoanyodogowithoutocollarsooro otheromarksodistinguishingothemoaoprivateoproperty,ofoundostrayingo onotheostreetsoorobeyondotheoenclosuresoofotheohousesoofotheoownerso ofosuchodogsomayobeodestroyedoandodestroyoorocauseothemotoobeo destroyedoaccordingly.oPubliconoticeoshallobeogivenoofoanyosucho order.o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo Sectiono188.oGeneralobye-laws.-oo AoCommitteeomay,oandoshalloifosoorequiredobyotheoStateoGovernmentobyo byeolaw,-o (a-q)o o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(r)o provideo foro theo seizureo ando confiscationo ofo ownerlesso animalso strayingowithinotheolimitsoofotheomunicipalities.o

(s)oo provideoforotheoregistrationoofoallooroanyospecifiedoclassesoofodogso ando ino particularo ando withouto prejudiceo too theo generalityo ofo foregoing-o o (i-ii)o o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(iii)o provideothatoanyodog,onotoregisteredoandowearingosuchotoken,o mayoifofoundoinoanyopublicoplace,obeodetainedoatoaoplaceotoobeo setoapartoforotheopurposeoandowillobeoliableotoobeodestroyedooro otherwiseodisposedoofoafteroaoperiodotoobeospecifiedoinotheo byeolaws;o

(iii)o THEoPUNJABoMUNICIPALoCORPORATIONoACT,o1976o Sectiono323.oo Prohibitionoofonuisances.o–o

(1)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(2)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -95-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(3)oo Theoowneroorokeeperoofoanyoanimaloshallonotoallowoitostrayingoinoao publicostreetooropublicoplaceowithoutoaokeeper.o

(4)oo Anyoanimalofoundostrayingoasoaforesaidomayobeoremovedobyoano officerooroemployeeoofotheoCorporationoorobyoanyopoliceoofficerotooao pound.o o (5)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo Sectiono324oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo Sectiono325.oRegistrationoandocontroloofodogs.o–o

(1)oo TheoCorporationomay,obyobye-lawsomadeoinothisobehalf-o

(a)oo requireo theo registration,o byo theo registrationo authorityo appointedobyotheoCommissioneroinothisobehalfoofoallodogso keptowithinotheoCity;o

(b)oo requireothatoeveryoregisteredodogoshallowearoaocollarotoowhicho shallo beo attachedo ao metalo tokeno too beo issuedo byo theo registrationoauthority,oandofixotheofeeopayableoforotheoissueo thereofo;o

(c)oo requireothatoanyodogowhichohasonotobeenoregisteredoorowhicho isonotowearingosuchotokenoshall,oifofoundoinoanyopublicoplace,o beodetainedoatoaoplaceosetoapartoforotheopurpose;oando

(d)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(2)oo ThisoCommissioneromayo

(a)oo causeotoobeodestroyed,oorotoobeoconfinedoforosuchoperiodoaso heo mayo direct,o anyo dogo oro othero animalo whicho is,o oro iso reasonablyosuspectedotoobe,osufferingofromorabies,oorowhicho haso beeno bitteno byo anyo dogo oro othero animalo sufferingo oro suspectedotoobeosufferingofromorabies;o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -96-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(b)oo byo publico noticeo directo that,o aftero sucho dateo aso mayo beo specifiedoinotheonotice,odogsowhichoareowithoutocollarsooro withoutomarksodistinguishingothemoasoprivateopropertyoando areofoundostrayingoonotheostreetsoorobeyondotheoenclosuresoofo theohousesoofotheiroowners,oifoany,omayobeodestroyedoando causeothemotoobeodestroyedoaccordingly.o

(3)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(4)oo Nooone,obeingotheoownerooropersonoinochargeoofoanyodog,oshallo allowoitotoobeoatolargeoinoanyopublicostreetooropublicoplaceowithouto beingomuzzledoandowithoutobeingosecuredobyoaochainoleadoinoanyo caseoinowhich-o

(a)oo heoknowsothatotheodogoisolikelyotooannoyoorointimidateoanyo person,ooro

(b)oo theo Commissionero has,o byo publico noticeo duringo theo prevalenceooforabies,odirectedothatodogsoshallonotobeoatolargeo withoutomuzzlesoandochainoleads.o

(5)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo XXXXXXXXXXo Sectiono344oo Seizureoofocertainoanimals.o–o o Ifoanyohorses,ocattleoorootheroquadrupedoanimalsoorobirdsoareokepto onoanyopremisesoinocontraventionoofotheoprovisionsoofoSectiono343,ooroareo foundoabandonedoandoroamingoorotetheredoonoanyostreetooropublicoplaceooro ono anyo lando belongingo too theo Corporation,o theo Commissionero oro anyo officeroempoweredobyohimomayoseizeothemoandomayocauseothemotoobeo impoundedo oro removedo too sucho placeo aso mayo beo appointedo byo theo GovernmentoorotheoCorporationoforothisopurposeoandocostoofoseizureoofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -97-o 2023:PHHC:107430 theseo animalso oro birdso ando ofo impoundingo oro removingo themo ando ofo feedingoandowateringothemoshallobeorecoverableobyosaleobyoauctionoofo theseoanimalsoorobirds:o Providedothatoanyoneoclaimingosuchoanimaloorobirdsomay,owithino seveno dayso ofo theo seizureo geto themo releasedo ono hiso payingo allo expensesoincurredobyotheoCommissioneroinoseizing,oimpoundingooro removingoandoinofeedingoandowateringosuchoanimaloorobird,oandoono hisoproducingoaolicenceoforokeepingotheseoanimalsoandobirdsoissuedo underotheoprovisionsoofoSectiono343.o

(2)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(3)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo o XXXXXXXXXXXXX?o Sectiono399.oo Powersotoomakeobye-laws.o–o

(1)oo Subjecto too theo provisionso ofo thiso Acto theo Corporationo mayo ino additionotooanyobye-lawsowhichoitoisoempoweredotoomakeobyoanyo otheroprovisionoofothisoAct,omakeobye-lawsotooprovideoforoallooroanyo ofotheofollowingomatters,onamelyo:-o A-Do xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo o o E.oo Bye-lawsorelatingotoosanitationoandopublicohealtho-o (1-4)ooxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(5)oo theoregulationooroprohibitionoofotheostablingooroherdingo ofoanimalsooroanyoclassoofoanimalsosooasotooprevento dangerotoopublicohealth;o

(6)oo theoseizureoofoownerlessoanimalsostrayingowithinotheo limitsoofotheoCityoandotheoregulationoandocontroloofo pondso;o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -98-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(7)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(8)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(9)oo theosegregationoinoorotheoremovalooroexclusionofromo anyo parto ofo theo Cityo oro theo destructiono ofo animalso sufferingoororeasonablyosuspectedotoobeosufferingofromo anyoinfectiousoorocontagiousodisease;o (10-12)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo F-Jo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(IV)o THEoPUNJABoPANCHAYATIoRAJoACT,o1994o Sectiono30.ooFunctionsoofoGramoPanchayats.o–oo SubjectotoosuchoconditionsoasomayobeoprescribedobyotheoStateoGovernmento fromotimeotootime,otheoGramoPanchayatohavingoregardotootheoavailabilityo ofofundsoatoitsodisposal,oshalloperformotheofunctionospecifiedobelow:―o

(I)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo o (II)o Construction,orepairoandomaintenanceoofocommunityoassets—o (a-e)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(f)oo pondso foro animals,o cattleo ando shedso foro cart,o bicycle,o rickshaw,oandoautoostand;o (g-u)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(III)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(IV)oo AnimaloHusbandry,oDairyingoandoPoultry—o (a-d)ooxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(e)oo Collectionoandodestructionoofostrayoanimals;o

(f)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo (V-XV)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(XVI)oo PublicoHealthoandoFamilyoWelfare—o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -99-o 2023:PHHC:107430 (a-e)ooxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(f)oo destructionoofostrayodogs;o (g-h)o xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo XXXXXXXXXXXXo Sectiono122.oooooPoweroofoPanchayatoSamitiotoomakeobye-laws.—o

(1)o AoPanchayatoSamitiomay,oandoiforequiredobyotheoStateoGovernmento shall,o fromo timeo too time,o makeo byo notificationo ino theo officialo Gazetteobye-lawsoconsistentowithotheoprovisionsoofothisoActoandotheo rulesomadeothereunder,oforocarryingooutoallooroanyoofotheopurposeoofo thisoAct,oand,owithoutoprejudiceotootheogeneralityoofotheoforgoingo powerosuchobye-lawsomayo makeoprovisionoforoallooroanyoofotheo followingomatters,onamely.o (i-xxviii)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(xxix)oo seizureo ando disposalo ofo ownerlesso animalso strayingo withinotheolimitsoofotheoPanchayatoSamitioarea;o

(xxx)ooo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(xxxi)oo inspectionoandoproperoregulationoofotheopremisesousedo aso staples,o cow-houseso oro houseso oro enclosureso foro sheep,ogoatsooroswine;oando (xxxii)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo

(2)oo xxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxxooooxxxxxxxxxxo XXXoo XXXoo XXXo NATIONALoHIGHWAYoACT,o1956o "Sectiono4.oNationalohighwaysotoovestoinotheoUnion.—o o AllonationalohighwaysoshallovestoinotheoUnion,oandoforotheopurposeso ofothisoActo"highways"oinclude―o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -100-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(i)oo allolandsoappurtenantothereto,owhetherodemarcatedooronot;oo

(ii)oo allobridges,oculverts,otunnels,ocauseways,ocarriagewaysoandoothero structuresoconstructedoonooroacrossosuchohighways;oandoo

(iii)oo allofences,otrees,opostsoandoboundary,ofurlongoandomilestonesoofo suchohighwaysooroanyolandoappurtenantotoosuchohighways.oo Sectiono 5.o Responsibilityo foro developmento ando maintenanceo ofo nationalohighways.—o o o ItoshallobeotheoresponsibilityoofotheoCentraloGovernmentotoo developo ando maintaino ino propero repairo allo nationalo highways;o buto theo CentraloGovernmentomay,obyonotificationoinotheoOfficialoGazette,odirecto thatoanyofunctionoinorelationotootheodevelopmentooromaintenanceoofoanyo nationalo highwayo shall,o subjecto too sucho conditions,o ifo any,o aso mayo beo specifiedoinotheonotification,oalsoobeoexercisableobyotheoGovernmentoofotheo Stateowithinowhichotheonationalohighwayoisosituatedoorobyoanyoofficerooro authorityo subordinateo too theo Centralo Governmento oro too theo Stateo Government."o XXXoo XXXoo XXXo NATIONALoHIGHWAYoAUTHORITYoOFoINDIAoACT,o1988o "16.oo FunctionsoofotheoAuthority.—oo

(1)oo SubjectotootheorulesomadeobyotheoCentraloGovernmentoinothisobehalf,o itoshallobeotheofunctionoofotheoAuthorityotoodevelop,omaintainoandomanageo theonationalohighwaysoandoanyootherohighwaysovestedoin,ooroentrustedoto,o itobyotheoGovernment.o

(2)oo Withoutoprejudiceotootheogeneralityoofotheoprovisionsocontainedoino sub-sectiono (1),o theo Authorityo may,o foro theo dischargeo ofo itso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -101-o 2023:PHHC:107430 functions―o(a)o survey,o develop,o maintaino ando manageo highwaysovestedoin,ooroentrustedoto,oit;oo

(b)oo constructoofficesooroworkshopsoandoestablishoandomaintainohotels,o motels,orestaurantsoandorest-roomsoatooronearotheohighwaysovestedo in,ooroentrustedoto,oit;oo

(c)oo constructoresidentialobuildingsoandotownshipsoforoitsoemployees;oo

(d)oo regulateoandocontrolotheoplyingoofovehiclesoonotheohighwaysovestedo in,ooroentrustedoto,oitoforotheoproperomanagementothereof;oo

(e)oo developoandoprovideoconsultancyoandoconstructionoservicesoinoIndiao ando abroado ando carryo ono researcho activitieso ino relationo too theo development,omaintenanceoandomanagementoofohighwaysooroanyo facilitiesothereat;oo

(f)oo provideosuchofacilitiesoandoamenitiesoforotheousersoofotheohighwayso vestedoin,ooroentrustedoto,oitoasoare,oinotheoopinionoofotheoAuthority,o necessaryoforotheosmoothoflowoofotrafficoonosuchohighways;oo

(g)oo formooneooromoreocompaniesounderotheoCompaniesoAct,o1956o(1oofo 1956)otoofurtherotheoefficientodischargeoofotheofunctionsoimposedoono itobyothisoAct;o1oo [(h)oo engage,ooroentrustoanyoofoitsofunctionsoto,oanyopersonoonosuchotermso andoconditionsoasomayobeoprescribed;]oo

(i)oo adviseotheoCentraloGovernmentoonomattersorelatingotoohighways;oo

(j)oo assist,oonosuchotermsoandoconditionsoasomayobeomutuallyoagreedo upon,o anyo Stateo Governmento ino theo formulationo ando implementationoofoschemesoforohighwayodevelopment;oo

(k)oo collectofeesoonobehalfoofotheoCentraloGovernmentoforoservicesooro benefitsorenderedounderosectiono7oofotheoNationaloHighwaysoAct,o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -102-o 2023:PHHC:107430 1956o(48oofo1956),oasoamendedofromotimeotootime,oandosuchoothero feeso ono behalfo ofo theo Stateo Governmentso ono sucho termso ando conditionsoasomayobeospecifiedobyosuchoStateoGovernments;oandoo

(l)oo takeoallosuchostepsoasomayobeonecessaryooroconvenientofor,ooromayo beoincidentaloto,otheoexerciseoofoanyopoweroorotheodischargeoofoanyo functiono conferredo oro imposedo ono ito byo thiso Act.o (3)o Nothingo containedoinothisosectionoshallobeoconstruedoas―oo

(a)oo authorisingotheodisregardobyotheoAuthorityoofoanyolawoforotheo timeobeingoinoforce;ooroo

(b)oo authorisingoanyopersonotooinstituteoanyoproceedingoinorespecto ofoaodutyooroliabilityotoowhichotheoAuthorityooroitsoofficersooro otheroemployeesowouldonotootherwiseobeosubjectounderothiso Act."o o o PerusaloofotheoaboveoprovisionsoestablishesothatotheoStatuteohasocasto aodutyoonotheseoinstitutionsoofolocaloselfogovernmentoasowelloasoPanchayatsotoo takeoallorequisitesostepsotoocheckotheomenaceoofostrayoanimalsoandostrayodogsotoo preventoinjuryotooindividualsoasoaoresultoofotheosame.oTheodutyohavingothusobeeno imposedo ono theseo agencies,o theo Stateo acknowledgeso itso obligationo too puto effectiveomeasuresotoocheckotheoaboveomenace.oInoitsobidotootackleotheoproblemo atotheograssorootolevel,othereohasobeenodelegationoofotheosaidofunctionsobyotheo stateotoosuchoauthorities.o STRAYoANIMALSoANDoLOCALoBODIES:oLAWoANDoANALYSISo o o ThisoCourtohadodirectedopaymentoofocompensationotootheoclaimantso inotheomatteroofoSavitrioYadavoVersusoStateoofoHaryanaoandoothersobearingo CWPo No.8832o ofo 2016o decidedo ono 16.09.2019o ,o whereino theo provisionso ofo HaryanaoMunicipalo(RegistrationoandoProperoControloofoStrayoAnimals)oBye-CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -103-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Lawso 2006o wereo undero consideration.o Ito waso heldo byo thiso courto thato theo custodianoofotheostrayoanimalsoisotheoStateoandotheoMunicipality.oItoisotheirodutyo tooroundothemoupowithotheohelpoofotheiroenforcementostaffoonoeverydayobasisobyo keepingo ino viewo theo preponderanceo ofo menaceo ofo strayo cattle.o Wheno theo Municipalityo failso too carryo outo itso statutoryo obligationo ofo keepingo theo citizens/residentso freeo fromo possibleo harmo fromo strayo animals,o theyo becomeo liableotoocompensateoforosuchoinjury(ies).oAocompensationoofoRs.20olacsowaso awardedo ino theo saido case.o Theo relevanto extracto ofo theo sameo iso reproducedo hereinafterobelow:o "12.oo Firstly,o Io haveo too dealo witho theo objectiono raisedo byo theo learnedo counselo foro theo respondentso thato thiso petitiono iso noto maintainableoinoviewoofoParagrapho2o(f)oofotheoBye-lawsowhicho defineso"court"oasoCiviloCourtohavingojurisdictionooverotheoarea.oIto isofurtheroprovidedoinoParagrapho7o(b)othatoanoappealocanobeofiledo againstotheoorderoofotheolowerocourtowithinoaoperiodoofofifteenodayso beforeo theo appellateo court.o Paragrapho 9o (1)o ofo theo Bye-lawso iso relevantoandoreadsoasounder:oo "AnoOfficialodulyoauthorisedobyotheolicensingoauthorityotoo seizeoanyoanimalofoundoonotheohighwayooroinopublicoplaceo whichoheohasoreasonotoobelieveotoobeoaostrayoanimaloando detainoitoforoaoweekoorountilotheoowneroofosuchoanimalohaso claimedo foro ito ando paido allo expenseso incurredo byo theo committeeo foro itso detentiono ino additiono too theo feeo aso pero clauseo 4(a).o Ifo theo animalo bearso ao Brandingo Code,o theo committeeomayoserveoaowrittenonoticeotootheoownerostatingo thatotheoanimalohasobeenoseizedoandoisoliableotoobeosoldobyo wayoofoauctionoorodisposedooffoasomayobeodecidedobyotheo committee,oifonotoclaimedowithinosevenodaysoafterotheoserviceo ofotheonotice."oo

13.oo Theo aforesaido provisionso casto ao statutoryo dutyo ono theo Municipalityoandoitsoofficialsotooremainovigilantoinocarryingoouto dutiesoandoremovingostrayocattleofromopublicoplacesoandocommitotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -104-o 2023:PHHC:107430 sameotootheocattleopoundsomaintainedooutoofotheofundsoandorevenueo collectedobyowayooforegistration/renewalofeeoandopenaltyocharges.oo

14.oo Theomatterocanobeoexaminedofromoanotheroangle.oParagrapho 2o(i)odefineso"owner"oasotheoowneroofoanoanimaloandoincludesoanyo otheropersonoinopossessionoorocustodyoofosuchoanimalowhetherowitho orowithoutotheoconsentoofotheoowner.oParagrapho2o(j)odefineso"strayo animal"otoomeanoanoownerlessoanimalo(male/female)oasodefinedoino clauseo(b)oofoParagrapho2ofoundostrayingowithinomunicipalolimits.o Inomyoview,oasoperoParagrapho2o(i)odefiningo"owner",otheowordo "person"o haso too beo reado ino animateo ando inanimateo form.o Theo Municipalityoisoalsooao"person"oinolawoandoitoisoboundobyostatutoryo dutyo ando theo principleso ofo stricto ando vicariouso liabilityo ando iso strictlyoliableotoocompensateobodilyoharmocausedotoomanobyostrayo animalsoinomunicipaloarea.oTheocustodianoofostrayoanimalsoisotheo StateoandotheoMunicipalityoandoitoisotheirodutyotooroundothemoupobyo theiro enforcemento staffo regularlyo ando ono ano everydayo basiso byo keepingoinomindotheopreponderanceoofotheomenaceoofostrayocattleoono roads.oItoisotheirojobotoobrandostrayoanimalsoandoitoisoforotheoownero too proveo too theo contrary.o Theo liabilityo firsto fallso surelyo ando inevitablyo ono theo shoulderso ofo theo Municipalityo too keepo publico placesofreeofromostrayocattleoatoallotimes.oIfotheoMunicipalityofailsotoo carryo outo itso statutoryo obligationso too keepo citizenso freeo fromo possibilitiesoofoharmofromostrayoanimalsoandothisodutyocannotobeo abdicated.o Theyo areo liableo too compensateo familyo ono accounto ofo deathoofomemberodueotooinjuriesocausedotoopersonobyostrayocattleo attacksooroinjuriesoreceivedobyousersoofopublicoplaces,oforowhicho facilities,oroadsoandomarketsoetc.otheyopayomunicipalotaxes,ostateo taxes,ocentralogovernmentotaxes,ofees,oleviesoetc.oo

15.oo Mr.o Viveko Singla,o learnedo Amicuso Curiaeo citeso theo wello knownoSupremeoCourtojudgmentoino"Smt.oNilabetioBeheraoaliaso LalitaoBeheraovs.oStateoofoOrissaoandoothers,oAIRo1993oSCo1960"o toosubmitothatoinocaseoofoviolationoofofundamentalorightotoolife,otheo Stateoisoenjoinedotoopayomonetaryocompensation.oTheowritoremedyo undero Articleo 226o ofo theo Constitutiono ofo Indiao iso justified.o Theo defenceoofosovereignoimmunityoisonotoavailable.oWritopetitionoforo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -105-o 2023:PHHC:107430 compensationoisomaintainableoandoitoisonotoenoughotoorelegateotheo victimotooordinaryoremedyoofocivilosuitotooclaimodamages.oThougho thisowasoaocaseoofodeathoonoaccountoofoinjuriesocausedobyotheopoliceo ino custodialo death,o theo principleso evolvedo areo ofo universalo application.oCompensationoofoRs.1.5olacsowasoawardedoinotheocaseo tootheovictimoandoitowasoobservedothatoawardoofocompensationoino writoproceedingowouldobeotakenointooaccountoforoadjustment,oinotheo eventoofoanyootheroproceedingsotakenobyotheopetitionerofororecoveryo ofocompensationoonotheosameogroundosoothatotheoamountotoothiso extentoisonotorecoveredobyotheopetitionerotwiceoover.oItowasofurthero observedothatosuchoanoorderoisojust.oItoisoalsooinoconsonanceowitho theostatutoryorecognitionoofotheoprincipleoofoadjustmentoprovidedoino Sectiono357(5)oCr.P.C.,o1973oandoSectiono141o(3)oofotheoMotoro Vehicleso Act,o 1988.o Theo aforesaido principleo ino Nilabetio Beherao (supra)ohasobeenoproliferatedoinootherofieldsoofolawoincludingoino casesoofodeathobyoelectrocution,omotoroaccident,oSectiono357o(5)oofo theo Cr.P.C.o ando othero akino lawso ino theo mattero ofo awardo ofo compensation.o Thiso principleo haso alsoo beeno appliedo too deatho causedo dueo too strayo cattleo ando theo principleso haveo alsoo beeno extendedotootheocaseoofopsychiatricoshock,owhichoisoinonascentouse.o Ino theo presento caseo also,o theo petitioner'so husbando hado ao fundamentalo righto too lifeo whicho haso beeno extinguishedo dueo too negligenceoofotheoMunicipalityoinonototakingocareoofoitodutiesobyo continuouslyoroundingoupostrayoanimalsofromopublicoplaces,ostreetso andomarketsoandoconfiningothemoinopounds.oo

16.oo InotheocaseoofoSushmaoRanio(supra)oalso,otheohusbandoofotheo petitionerowasokilledobyoaostrayobulloino2014owhenoheowasoonohiso wayotooaoconstructionositeoonohisomoped.oHeowasoseriouslyoinjuredo ando takeno too theo Civilo Hospital,o Mandio Gobindgarho whereo heo succumbedotootheoinjuriesocausedobyoanoenragedostrayobull.oInotheo aforesaidocaseoalso,oanoobjectionowasotakenoofotheoregularoremedyo byowayoofofilingoaocivilosuit.oInothatocase,otheoStateoofoPunjaboinoitso shorto affidavito hado statedo thato noo provisiono haso beeno madeo foro compensationo ino caseo ofo accidentalo deatho byo theo strayo animals.o However,oasoperotheoPunjaboMunicipaloCorporationsoAct,o1976,o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -106-o 2023:PHHC:107430 anyo animalo foundo strayingo mayo beo removedo byo ano officero oro employeeoofotheoCorporationoorobyoanyopoliceoofficerotooaopound.o ThisoCourtohadoreliedoonotheojudgmentorenderedoinoParminderjito Kauroandoanotherovs.oStateoofoPunjaboandoothers,o2015o(2)oPLRo 693o whereino ano Engineero workingoinotheo Irrigationo Departmento wasohitobyoao strayoanimalo fromo theo backo andosufferedogrievouso injury.oHeowasotakenotoohospitalowhereoheowasodeclaredodead.oThiso CourtofoundothatoasoperoSectiono182o(2)oofotheoPunjaboMunicipalo Act,o1911,oanyoanimalofoundopicketed,otetheredoorostrayingoonoanyo publico streeto withouto theo permissiono ofo theo Committeeo mayo beo removedotooaopoundobyoanyoofficerooroservantoofotheocommitteeooro byoaopoliceoofficer.oNoosuchoeffortowasomadeotootakeocontroloofostrayo animalowhichohadotakenotheolifeoofoaohumanobeing.oConsequently,o theoCourtoawardedoRs.10olacsoasocompensationowithointeresto@o9%o peroannumofromotheodateoofofilingoofotheopetitionotillotheodateoofo payment,oleavingoitoopenotootheopetitionerotooapproachotheoregularo courtoforoanyosumoinoexcessoofowhatowasoassessedobyotheowritoCourt.o Havingo reliedo ono theo aforesaido judgmento ino Parminderjito Kaur,o ShakuntalaoandoParmeshwar,osupraoinotheocaseoofoSushmaoRani,o thisoCourtoallowedocompensationovideoorderodatedo24.2.2016.oLPAo againsto theo judgmento ino Sushmao Ranio filedo byo theo Stateo waso dismissedobyoaoDivisionoBenchoofothisoCourtoinoLPAoNo.1405oofo 2016ovideoorderodatedo24.8.2016opermittingotheowithdrawaloofotheo appeal.oo

17.oo Inotheopresentocase,odeathoadmittedlyooccurredodueotooattacko byo strayo animalo i.e.o bullso ando inquesto reporto ando posto mortemo reportoproveowithoutoanyoiotaoofodoubtothatotheodeathowasoasoao resultoofoinjuriesosufferedoinoaocrossofireoofotwooragingobullsoinoao busyomarket.oAccordingly,otheoobjectionoasotootheomaintainabilityoofo writopetitionoisoover-ruled.oTheowritocourtohasosufficientopoweroando authorityotooawardoadequateocompensationoinotheopresentocase.oo

18.oo Theo Stateo ando theo Municipality,o ino myo view,o iso theo constructiveoownerooforesonulliusoandoallostrayoanimalsowhichocano causeo potentialo harm,o ando therefore,o theo offendingo bullo ino theo presento caseo willo beo deemedo too beo ino theiro care,o custodyo ando CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -107-o 2023:PHHC:107430 possessiono witho ano obligationo too roundo themo up.o Thiso stricto responsibilityoisonototoobeoseenotoobeolightlyoshirkedoandobrushedo asideotoodenyoaojustoclaim.oItoisonotoenoughotoosendotheoaggrievedo partyotootheocivilocourtotooprosecuteoaoprotractedolitigationotoofindo theotrueoownerowhenotheoingredientsoofoawardoofocompensationoareo amplyoavailableoonorecordoandosatisfiedoinothisocase.oIfotheyodoofindo theoowner,otheyocanoalwaysopassoonotheocompensationoafteroitoiso paid.oTheowidowomustobeocompensatedoforoheroterribleolossoinohero middleoageowhenosheowouldohaveoneededoherohusbandotheomost."o (Emphasisosupplied)o o o o AocompensationoofoRs.10,00,000/-owasoawardedobyothisoCourtoino theocaseoofoParminderjitoKauroandoanotheroVs.oStateoofoPunjaboandootherso bearingoCWPoNo.4847oofo2012odecidedoono09.01.2015obyoreferringotooArticleo 226oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndia.oTheodutyowasocastouponotheoMunicipaloCouncilo underoSectiono182(2)oofotheoPunjaboMunicipaloAct,o1911.o o o TheoDelhioHighoCourtoalsoodirectedopaymentoofocompensationoino theo mattero ofo Shakuntalao Vs.o Governmento ofo NCTo ofo Delhio ando anothero bearingo Writo Petitiono (Civil)-13771-2006o decidedo ono 01.07.2009,o whereo theo petitionersohadosustainedoinjuriesoasoaoresultooforagingobullsoentanglingoleadingo tootheovictimsopassingoaway.oItowasoobservedobyotheoDelhioHighoCourtoasounder:o "16.ooooTheoreliefoofocompensationounderopublicolaw,oforoinjuriesocausedo onoaccountoofonegligentoaction,ooroinactionooroindifferenceoofopublico functionariesooroforotheoviolationoofofundamentalorightsoisoaopartoofotheo evolvingopublicolawojurisprudenceoinoIndia.oTheoHighoCourts'oandotheo SupremeoCourt'sopowers,ounderoArticleo226oandoArticleo32orespectively,o toomouldotheoreliefosooasotoocompensateotheovictimohasobeenoaffirmedobyo theoSupremeoCourtoononumerousooccasionsoincludingoCommonoCause,o AoRegisteredoSocietyoV.oUnionoofoIndia,o(1999)o6oSCCo667,oChairmano RailwayoBoardoV.oChandrimaoDas,o(2000)o2oSCCo465,oDelhioDomestico WorkingoWomen'soForumoV.oUnionoofoIndia,o(1995)o1oSCC14,oD.K.o Basuo V.o Stateo ofo W.B,o (1997)o 1o SCCo 416,o Postsangbamo Ningolo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -108-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Thokchomo (Smt)o Ando Another,o Appellants;o V.o Generalo Officero Commandingo1997o(7)oSCCo725;oRuduloShahoV.oStateoofoBihar,o(1983)o 4oSCCo141.oTheoconceptoofocompensationounderopublicolawomustobeo understoodo aso beingo differento fromo theo concepto ofo damageso undero privateolaw.oCompensationounderopublicolawomustonotobeomerelyoseenoaso theomonetaryoequivalentoforocompensatingotowardsotheoinjuryocaused,o butoalsoounderstoodoinotheocontextoofotheofailureoofotheoStateoorostateo agency,otooprotectotheovaluableorightsoofotheocitizens,oparticularlyoofotheo marginalizedoandotheodisempowered.oInotheodecisionoreportedoasoStateo ofoA.P.ov.oChallaoRamakrishnaoReddyo&oOrso2000o(5)oSCCo712,otheo SupremeoCourtoemphasizedothatotheonatureoofotheoproceedingso-othrougho writopetitionsoorothroughootherocivilojurisdictions,owouldonotomakeoanyo difference,oinoapplyingotheoprinciplesoforoawardoofodamagesoinocaseoofo violationoofoaopublicolaworightooroentitlement,oofoaocitizen,oorowhereoheo complainsoofoviolationoofofundamentalorights.o

17.ooooItohasobeenoestablishedonow,oforonearlyothreeodecades,othatotheo rightotoolifeoenshrinedoinoArticleo21oisonotoaorightotoomereovegetativeo ("animal")oexistence,obutotooaolifeowithodignityoandoaodecentostandardoofo living.oTheoinjury,osufferedodueotootheostate'sooroitsoagencies'oneglectoino theo performance,o oro theo wrongfulo performanceo ofo itso duties,o iso aso actionableoinopublicolaw,oasoinotort.oInothisobackgroundotheofailureoofotheo Stateotoopreventotheooccurrenceoofonegligentoactsobyoitsoemployees,ooro thoseowhooareoaccountableotooit,owithinopremisesounderoitsocontrol,ooroino respectoofozonesoofoactivitiesofallingowithinotheirojurisdictionostrikesoato theo rooto ofo theo righto too life,o guaranteedo undero Articleo 21o ofo theo ConstitutionoofoIndia. 18-22o XXXo XXXo XXXo XXXo

23.ooooInoCommonoCauseo(Regd.oSociety)ov.oUnionoofoIndiao(UOI),o&o Govt.oofoNCToofoDelhi,oMCDoandoNDMCoandoRamoPratapoYadavov.o MCDo(decidedoono03.11.2000)oaodecisionoofothisoCourt,otheocourtowaso concernedowithotheopreciseodutyoofotheoMCDotoomaintainopublicoroadso andostreetsoandoensureothatotheyoareofreeoofostrayocattle,oforotheosafetyoofo roadouserso(whichowouldoincludeopedestrians,othoseoplyingovehiclesoando vendorsoonofootpaths,oetc.)oitowasoobservedothat-o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -109-o 2023:PHHC:107430 "14.oTheomenaceoofostrayocattleoisohazardousoandocausesotraffico snarls.oItoaffectsotheosafetyoofohumanobeingsoonotheoroad.oItohaso theopotentialotoocauseoaccidents.oBesides,oitodepictsoaoveryodismalo pictureoofotheocapital.oItoisoalsooveryocrueloonotheobovineoanimalso asotheyoareoletolooseoonotheoroadsobecauseotheoownersodoonoto wantotoofeedothem.oTheseoanimalsohaveotoofendoforothemselves.o Theyo eato whatevero comesoino theirowayoincludingo garbageoando plasticobags.oThisoaffectsotheirohealthoandocausesoextremeotraumao toothem.oWeoalsoofindothatoGosadans,obyoandolarge,ohaveonotobeeno ableotoofulfillotheopurposeoforowhichotheyowereoestablished.oTheo factothatotheoanimalsowhichowereomadeooverotooGosadansohaveo disappearedo speakso volumeso abouto theiro working.o Theo capitalo cityoofoDelhioshouldobeoaoshowowindowoforotheoworld.oTheostrayo cattleo ono theo roadso giveso ao wrongo signal.o Cattleo ando othero animalsowhichoareoletolooseoonotheoroadsobyotheiroownersooooooando alsooresponsibleoforofilth,osqualoroandooutbreakoofodiseases.o ______xxx______xxx______o

16.oo Ito appearso thato theo Stateo ando itso agencieso areo imperviousotootheomenaceoofostrayocattle.oTheyohaveonototakenoanyo effectiveostepsotoopreventotheocattleoandotheobovineoanimalsofromo takingotootheoroads.oThisohasoaffectedotheoqualityoofolifeoofotheo citizens.oTheoinactionoofotheostateoandoitsoagenciesoimpingesoupono theo fundamentalo righto ofo theo citizenso undero Articleo 21o ofo theo Constitution.oUnderoArticleo48oofotheoConstitution,otheoStateointero aliasoisorequiredotooprotectoandosafeguardotheoforestsoandowildo life.oTheoStateobyoneglectingotooperformoitsodutyoinoooooopreventingo theomenaceoofostrayocattleoisoavoidingoimplementationoofoArticleo 48oofotheoConstitution.oItoisotheodutyoofotheoStateotookeepoinoviewo theodirectiveoprinciplesoofotheoStateopolicyowhichoareofundamentalo inotheogovernanceoofotheocountryoandotooapplyothoseoprinciplesoino makingotheolaws.oNooeffectiveolawohasobeenomadeotoopreventotheo ownersoofobovineoanimalsoincludingocattleoandocowsofromobeingo letoloose.oInotheofactsoandocircumstances,otherefore,oitohasobecomeo necessaryotoogiveodirectionsotootheoStateotoocontroloandoprevento CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -110-o 2023:PHHC:107430

17.oAccordingly,oweodirectoandoobserveoasofollows:-o ...................o

3.oo Theo MCDo ando theo NDMCo shallo employo sufficiento numberoofovehiclesotooferryotheoimpoundedocattle.oo

4.oo Theo MCD,o theo NDMCo ando theo policeo departmento shouldoworkotogetherotoostopotheomenaceoofostrayocattle.o

5.oo Co-ordinationo Committeeso shallo beo constitutedo ino eachoofotheoPoliceoDistricts.oEachocommitteeoshalloconsisto ofotheoDeputyoCommissioner,oMCDoofotheoarea/Secretary,o NDMC,o ando theo Deputyo Commissionero ofo Policeo ofo theo concernedoDistrict.oTheotwo-memberoCommitteeoshallobeo responsibleoforoeradicatingotheomenaceoofostrayocattle.o .....o

7.o CattleoandobovineoanimalsolocatedoinoDelhioshallohaveo ao tago numbero tiedo aroundo theiro necks.o Theo tago numbero musto beo indicativeo ofo theo ownero too whomo theo animalo belongsosoothatothereoisonoodifficultyoinotracingotheoowner.o

8.o Prosecutionso shouldo beo launchedo underoSectiono 98oofo theoDelhioPoliceoAct,o1978,oandoSectiono289oofotheoIndiano PenaloCode,o1860oagainstotheoownersoofoanyocattleoando bovineoanimalsowhichoareofoundoonotheostreetsoandoroads.o

9.o Theo MCDo ando theo NDMCo shouldo employo sufficiento numbero ofo personso too catcho strayo cattleo ando bovineo animals.oOnceotheyoareocaughtotheyoshallobeoimpoundedo andomayobeoreleasedoonlyoonopaymentoofofineoofoatoleastoRs.o 1,000/-o each.o Theo vehicleso whicho areo usedo foro carryingo impoundedo cattleo ando bovineo animalso oughto too beo fittedo withorampoinoorderotooobviateotheochanceoofoinjuryotoothem.o Theotransitoandohandlingoofocattleoandobovineoanimalsoaftero beingo impoundedo shallo beo ino consonanceo witho theo provisionso ofo theo Preventiono ofo Crueltyo tooAnimalso Act,o 1960.o .....o

18.oTheoroadsoofoDelhioshouldobeomadeofreeoofostrayocattleo andobovineoanimalsobyo1stoFebruary,o2003.oNoocattleooro CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -111-o 2023:PHHC:107430 bovineoanimalsoshallobeopermittedoonotheoroadsoafterotheo aforesaidodate.oTheoresponsibilityotoocomplyowithotheoordero willobeothatoofotheoaforesaidoCommitteeoinotheirorespectiveo areas."o

24.ooInoaodecisionoofotheoRajasthanoHighoCourtoSanjayoPhophaliyaov.o StateoofoRajasthanoandoOrs.oAIRo1998oRajo96oplacingorelianceoonoL.K.o Koolwalov.oStateoofoRajasthanoAIRo1988oRajo2oitowasoobservedothat-o "itoisoprimary,omandatoryoandoobligatoryodulyoofoMunicipalityotoo keepo cityo cleano ando too removeo insanitation,o nuisanceo etc.o Theo Municipalityocannototakeopleaowhetherofundsoorostaffoisoavailableo oronot."o Itowasofurtheroobservedothat-o "9.o Ito iso ao seriouso mattero wheno theo dogso ando othero animalso sufferingo fromo rabieso biteo animalso ando persons.o Theo dutyo becomeso moreo onerousoono theorespondentso withoregardo tootheo dogso ando sucho animals.o Theo staffo cannoto sayo thato itso dutyo iso completeoifoactionoisotakenoonlyoonocomplaints.oTheyomustonotosito inotheoofficeobutoshouldocontinuouslyotakeoroundoofotheocity.oIfoanyo inactionoisofoundoonotheopartoofotheostaff,otheorespondentsoareo boundotootakeodisciplinaryoactionoagainstosuchostaff.oIfostilloanyo accidento happens,o theno theo injuredo persono oro relativeo ofo theo deceasedopersono wouldo beo competentotoo invokeotheo provisionso ofoSectiono 188oofo IPCo againsto sucho ao negligento staff.o Ito iso expectedothatotheoroadsoofoJodhpurobeocleanedofromotheseostrayo animalso withino ao periodo ofo fouro monthso fromo today.o Theo respondentsowouldobeofreeotoogetoworkothroughocontractors."o

25.ooInoMilkmenoColonyoVikasoSamitiov.oStateoofoRajasthanoandoOrs.o ando Shrio Ghanchio Mahasabha,o Jodhpuro v.o Rajasthano Chaptero ofo Indiano Associationo ofo Lawyerso ando Ors.o AIRo 2007o SCo 1046o theo Supremeo Courto directedo theo Municipalo Corporationo ofo Jodhpuro too removeounattendedostrayoanimals,osuchoas,ostrayocattle,obulls,odogs,opigso etc.ofromotheocityoofoJodhpuroasoexpeditiouslyoasopossibleoandoinoanyo eventoonoorobeforeo30thoApril,o2007.oFurther,oinoaostringoofodecisionsobyo variousoHighoCourtsoitowasoobservedothatokeepingotheopublicostreetsofreeo fromotheomenaceoofostrayoanimalsoisotheoprimaryodutyoofotheomunicipalo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -112-o 2023:PHHC:107430 bodies.oInotheolightoofotheseodecisions,oitoisoheldothatotheodutyotoomaintaino streetsoandopublicoroadsofreeoofostrayocattleoisothatoofotheoMCD.oThiso dutyo iso owedo too allo memberso ofo theo public,o ando iso ano absoluteo obligation."oo (Emphasisosupplied)o WILDoANIMAL:o o o Similarly,oaocompensationoonoaccountoofodeathodueotooattackobyo blueobuck/cowo(Nilgai)owasoawardedotootheotuneoofoRs.5,12,500/-oinotheomattero ofoSukhdevo Kauro ando otherso Versuso Stateoofo Haryanao ando othersobearingo CWPoNo.9865oofo2014odecidedoono11.05.2016.oPrinciplesoofoMotoroVehicleo Act,o1988owereoappliedoforocomputingotheocompensationoinotheosaidocase.oTheo relevantoextractoofotheosameoisoreproducedohereinafterobelow:o "5.oo ThereoisonoodisputeothatoJaswinderoSinghohasobeenokilledobyo blueocowso(Nilgains)oandohisocaseofallsowithinotheoparametersoofo attackobyowildoanimalocausingohisodeath.oItoisoalsoonotoinodisputeo thato earlier,o aso pero theo instructionso datedo 03.11.1998o ofo theo Departmento ofo Wildo Lifeo Preservation,o compensationo waso too beo paidotootheotuneoofoRs.30,000/-oinocaseoofodeathoofoanoadultodueotoo attackoofowildoanimals,owhichohasonowobeenorevisedotootheotuneoofo Rs.2olacsobyowayoofoinstructionsodatedo19.02.2014.oHowever,otheo questionowouldobeoasotoowhetherotheopetitionersoshouldobeosatisfiedo withoRs.2olacsoorotheocompensationohasotoobeoassessedokeepingoino viewo theo longevityo ofo lifeo ofo theo deceased,o multipliedo witho hiso monthlyoearningoandotheomultiplieroofoyearsoheowouldohaveolived,o aso pero theo formulao whicho iso beingo usedo ino caseo ofo deathso ino ao vehicularoaccident.o

6.oo Thereoisonoodisputeothatotheodeceasedowaso39oyearsoofoageoato theotimeoofohisodeathoandohasoleftobehindothreeodependents,ooutoofo whichooneoisohisowidowoandotwooareohisominorosonsoofotheoageoofo 15/16oyears.oSinceotheodeceasedowasoaohealthyomaleoandowasodoingo agriculturaloworkoasothereoisonothingoelseobroughtoonorecordoino respectoofohisooccupation,oheomustohaveobeenoearningotheominimumo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -113-o 2023:PHHC:107430 ofoRs.4,000/-operomonthowhich,oafteromultiplyingowitho12,ocomesotoo Rs.48,000/-operoyear.oHeowouldohaveoalsoospendingo1/3rdoofohiso earningoonohimself,otherefore,otheoamountoofoRs.48,000/-oisoreducedo too Rs.32,000/-o ando byo applyingo theo multipliero ofo 16,o whicho iso providedoinotheoMotoroVehiclesoAct,o1988oforoaopersonobetweenotheo ageo ofo 35o too 40o years,o theo compensationo assessedo wouldo beo Rs.5,12,000/-,owhichoshallobeopaidotootheopetitionersoinsteadoofoRs.2o lacs.oIfoRs.30,000/-ohasoalreadyobeenopaid,othenotheosaidoamounto hasotoobeodeductedofromotheoamountoofocompensationodeterminedo byothisoCourt.oTheoamountoofocompensationoshallobeopaidobyotheo respondentso witho 9%o interesto too beo calculatedo fromo theo dateo ofo applicationofiledoforocompensation,owithinoaoperiodoofo3omonthso fromotheodateooforeceiptoofocertifiedocopyoofothisoorder."o o STRAYoDOGSoANDoCOMPENSATION:o o o InotheomatteroofoAnupamo Tripathio Versuso Uniono ofo Indiaoando othersoreportedoasoo(2016)o13oSCCo492,otheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoobservedo thatomanyochildrenowereobecomingoeasyoandoinnocentotargetsoofotheostrayodogso andothatotheochildrenobeingotheofundamentaloembodimentoofohumanoraceodeserveo dueocareoandoprotectionofromoanyokindoofoattackobyostrayodogs.oReferringotootheo provisionso ofo Animalo Birtho Controlo (Dogs)o Ruleso 2001,o ito waso heldo thato obligationo ofo Localo Authoritieso iso too prevento harmo too humano beingso whileo maintainingo compassiono too strayo animals.o Directionso wereo issuedo too Localo Authoritieso too maintaino sufficiento numbero ofo dogo pounds/animalo kennels/shelters,odogovansoforocapturingoandotransportationoofostrayodogs,otrainedo dogo catcherso ando othero facilitieso includingo theo periodicalo careo ofo theo shelters/bounds.oTheoLocaloAuthoritiesowereoalsoorequiredotoosterilize/immuneo theostrayodogsowithotheoparticipationoofotheoconcernedoorganizationsoamongsto othersoandotheoexpensesowereotoobeoreimbursedoatotheorateotoobeofixedobyotheo Committeeo ono fortnightlyo basiso basedo ono propero sterilization/immunization.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -114-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Noticingothatotheovictimsohaveotooundergoosevereopain,oaoCommitteeowasoformedo forotheoStateoofoKeralaoandointerimoex-gratiaocompensationowasoawardedotootheo victim.oSuchoCommitteeoexistsoonlyoinoKeralaosoofaroandotheosameohasonotobeeno replicatedo byo theo othero States.o Theo Bombayo Higho Courto alsoo grantedo compensationoagainstotheoCiviloAuthoritiesoinotheocaseoofoMarutioShrishailyao HaleoandoothersoVs.oCommissioner,oSanglioMirajoKupwadoCorporationoando othersoreportedoaso2018ooSCCoOnLineoBom.o7549.oo o o Ao Divisiono Bencho ofo theo Himachalo Pradesho Higho Courto ino theo judgmento ofo Courto ato itso owno motiono Versuso Stateo ofo Himachalo Pradesho reportedoaso2010oSCCoOnLineoHPo358odirectedocompensationoofoRs.1,00,000/-o tootheochildowhoowasobittenobyoaostrayodog.o o o SimilaroorderowasoalsoopassedobyotheoDivisionoBenchoofoAllahabado HighoCourtoinoWrito(Civil)oNo.4099oofo2022oandoanointerimocompensationoofo Rs.1,50,000/-owasoawardedoinoanoincidentoofodogobite.oo o o Similarly,oKarnatakaoHighocourtoalsooawardedocompensationoinotheo matteroofoMr.oYusuboVs.oStateoofoKarnatakaoandoothersobearingoWritoPetitiono No.110352o ofo 2019o decidedo ono 10.04.2022o ando directedo theo Districto Administrationo aso wello aso Localo Authoritieso too payo compensationo ofo Rs.10,00,000/-otootheopetitionerowhoseominorosonohadosustainedoinjuriesodueotoo dogobiteoandoeventuallyopassedoaway.o o o Hence,othereoareonumerousoinstancesowhereotheoStateohasobeenoheldo liableotoopayocompensationoonoaccountoofodeath/injuriesodueotoostrayoanimalso /wildoanimalsoorodogs.oHowever,oatotheosameotime,othereoareonumerousoinstanceso whereotheopartiesohaveobeenorelegatedotootheocommonolawoalternativeoremedyo availableotoothemosinceodisputedoquestionsoofofactsowereofoundoarisingoinotheo matter.oHence,otheopublicolaworemedyohasobeenoinvokedoandoexercisedobyotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -115-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Constitutionalo Courtso ando ato theo sameo time,o theo jurisdictiono haso noto beeno exercisedonoticingothatofactsopleadedoneedotoobeoestablishedobyoevidence.o PUBLICoSAFETYoANDoARTICLEo21:oANALYSISo o o TheoquestionowhichoarisesonextoisoasotoowhetheroArticleo21oofotheo ConstitutionoofoIndiaohasotoobeoreadointoopublicosafetyostatutes/provisionsosinceo theoprimeoobjectoofoPublicoSafetyoLegislationoisotooprotectotheoindividualoando compensatingohimoforotheolossosuffered.oTheodutyoofocareoexpectedofromoStateooro itsoofficialsofunctioningounderotheoPublicoSafetyoLegislationois,otherefore,overyo highocomparedotootheostatutoryopowersoandosupervisionodesiredounderoanyoothero Statutes.oTheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoofoIndiaodealtowithotheoissueoasotoowhethero oronototooawardocompensationoforoviolationooforightotoolifeoandopersonalolibertyo guaranteedounderoArticleo21oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndiaoinotheomatteroofoRudulo SahoVersusoStateoofoBiharoreportedoaso1983o(4)oSCCo141.oTheostandoofotheo Stateo waso thato theo claimant/victimo shouldo seeko remedieso undero theo ordinaryo CiviloLaw,ohowever,othisocontentionowasorejectedobyotheothenoChiefoJusticeoofo India,oMr.oY.V.oChandrachudoasoitowouldohaveoamountedotooroboArticleo21oofoitso significantocontent.oTheoHon'bleoChiefoJusticeoofoIndiaoobservedothatorelegatingo theopetitionerotooordinaryoremedyoofoaoCiviloSuitowouldohaveoonlyoprolongedotheo miseryoofotheopersonowhoohadobeenokeptoinoprolongedodetentionodespiteohiso acquittal.oTheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoofoIndiaohadoawardedocompensationoforo violationoofofundamentalorightsoinovariousootherocasesoalsooincludingotheomattero ofoSebastianoM.oHongrayoVersusoUnionoofoIndiaoreportedoaso(1984)oo3oSCCo 544;ooBhimoSenoVs.oStateoofoJammuo&oKashmiroreportedoasoAIRo1986oSCo494;o SahelioVs.oUnionoofoIndiaoVs.oUnionoofoIndiaoreportedoasoAIRo1990oSCo513o andoStateoofoMaharashtraoVs.oRavioKantoPathakooreportedoasoAIRo1991oSCo71.o TheolegalopropositionopropoundedoinotheoabovesaidocasesowasothatotheoUnionoofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -116-o 2023:PHHC:107430 theo Stateo Governmento wouldo beo liableo foro tortuouso actso committedo byo theiro officialsoinoviolationoofoArticleo21oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndia.o o o Theonatureoofoliabilityowasohowever,onotoclearlyospeltooutobyotheo Hon'bleoSupremeoCourtoinotheoaboveosaidodecisions,owhichowasoextensivelyo dealtowithoinotheocaseoofoNilabatioBeharaoVs.oStateoofoOrissa,oAIRo1993oSCo 1960,o whereino ito waso heldo appropriateotoo spelloouto clearlyo theo principleso ono whichotheoliabilityoofotheoStateoarisesoforopaymentoofocompensationoandodrawingo distinctiono betweeno "liability"o ando theo "liabilityo ino law"o foro paymento ofo compensationoinoanoactionoofotorts.oTheojudgmentoinotheomatteroofoNilabati'so caseo (Supra)o waso inspiredo byo theo Privyo Councilo decisiono ino theo mattero ofo Ramesho Lawrenceo Maharajo Vs.o Theo Attorneyo Generalo ofo Trinidado ando Tobagoo(1978)o2oAlloEnglandoReportso670.oAmongstotheoearlierocasesoreportedo inoIndia,otheoGovernmentowasorecognizedoasoliableoforotheotortocommittedobyoitso officialso whileo actingo ino dischargeo ofo theiro statutoryo dutieso ino theo mattero ofo PeninsularoOrientaloSteamoNavigationoCompanyoVersusoSecretaryoofoStateoofo Indiao (1868-69)o 5o Bombayo Higho Courto APP.2o Page-1.o Ao distinctiono was,o however,odrawnobetweenosovereigno ando non-sovereigno functionso ofo theo Easto Indiao Companyo ando ito waso heldo thato maintenanceo ofo dockyardo iso ao non-sovereignofunction,ohence,otheoGovernmentowasonotoliableoforonegligenceoofoitso servants.oTheoabovesaidopointoofoviewowas,ohowever,onotofollowedobyotheoCourtso ofoMadrasoandoBombayoinosubsequentojudgmentsoofoSecretaryoofoStateoforoIndiao Versuso Hario Bhanji,o ILRo (1882)o 5o Madraso 272o ando P.V.o Raoo Versuso KhushaldasoS.oAdvani,oAIRo1949oBombayo277.o o o AoFulloBenchoofoPunjaboandoHaryanaoHighoCourtoinotheomatteroofo RoopoRamoVersusoStateoofoPunjaboreportedoasoAIRo1971oP&Ho336oheldotheo Stateoliableoforotortsoofoitsoservants.oTheopointoofolawowasoreverberatedoinotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -117-o 2023:PHHC:107430 JudgmentoofoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoinotheomatteroofoKasturilaloRaliaoRamo JainoVersusoTheoStateoofoUttaroPradeshoreportedoasoAIRo1965oSCo1039.ooTheo previouslyofollowedodistinctionobetweenosovereignoandonon-sovereignofunctionso waso eveno thougho initiallyo giveno mucho weightageo ando precedenceo ando theo traditionalosovereignofunctionosuchoasomakingoofolaws,oadministrationoofojustice,o maintainingoofolawoandoorder,orepressionoofocrime,ocarryingoofowar,otheomakingo ofo treatieso ando peaceo ando othero consequentialo functionso etc.,o whicho wereo exclusivelyosovereignofunctions,owereoheldotoobeocoveredounderotheodefenceoofo sovereignofunctionsounderotheolawoofoTorts.oHowever,otheopleaoofosovereigno immunityowasonotomadeoavailableoinocaseoofopublicolaworemedyoforoclaimingo monetaryocompensationoforoviolationoofofundamentalorights,oespeciallyotheorighto toolifeoandopersonalolibertyoguaranteedounderotheoConstitutionoofoIndiaobyotheo Hon'bleoSupremeoCourtoinotheomatteroofoNilabatioBeharao(Supra).o o o Theoprinciplesowhichothusoemergeoaboutotheonatureoandoscopeoofo newopublicolaworemedyoinotortsoandocompensatoryojurisprudenceoevolvedobyotheo Hon'bleoSupremeoCourtoareoasounder:o

(i)k Mandatoryocompensationoforoviolationoofofundamentalorightsoisoano acknowledgedo remedyo ino publico lawo foro enforcemento ando protectionoofofundamentalorights;o

(ii)k Suchoaoclaimoisobasedoonostrictoliability;o

(iii)k Suchoaoclaimoisodistinctofrom,oandoinoadditionotootheoremedyoino privateolawoforodamagesoforotort;o

(iv)k Thisoremedyowouldobeoavailableowhenoitoisotheoonlyopracticableo modeooforedressaloavailable;oando

(v)k Againstotheoclaimoforocompensationoforoviolationoofofundamentalo rightsoinoaowritopetitionounderoArticleo226oofotheoConstitutionoofo India,otheodefenceoofosovereignoimmunityomayobeoinapplicable.o o o o Theoremedyothusoprovidedogoesoaolongowayoinoprovidingoreliefotoo theo victims/claimantso foro violationo ofo righto too lifeo ando personalo libertyo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -118-o 2023:PHHC:107430 guaranteedo undero Articleo 21o ofo theo Constitutiono ofo India.o Theo remedyo is,o however,otoobeotemperedobyojudicialorestraint,otooavoidocircumventionoofoprivateo laworemedy.oo Theo abovesaido judicialo pronouncementso establishedo thato publico lawo remedyomayobeoavailedobyoaopersonounderoaogivenosetoofocircumstancesowhereo theoliabilityoofotheorespondentsoisoperoseowelloestablishedoandomadeooutoonotheo principlesoofostrictoliability.oTheoremedyoforoseekingocompensationoonoaccounto ofo failureo ofo publico dutyo iso ino additiono too theo privateo lawo remedyo availableo beforeotheoCiviloCourtowhichoisocompetentotoolookointootheoissueoandoawardo adequateocompensationoafteroexaminingotheoevidence.oTheoinvocationoofopublico laworemedyoisohoweverotoobeoexercisedowithorestraintoandonotoasoaomeansotoo circumvento theo privateo lawo remedy.o Theo publico lawo remedyo shouldo noto beo extendedoasoaoroutineobutowhenoitoisotheoonlyopracticableomodeooforedressal,oino theoexigenciesoofotheorespectiveocase.oAomereopleaoofohardshipoorodelayocannoto beo construedo aso denialo ofo privateo lawo remedy.o Theo expectationo ofo ao fastero adjudicationo cannoto beo theo groundo foro bye-passingo theo wello establishedo procedureoofolawoandopaveowayoforoignoringotheodueoprocessoofolaw.oo Theoissueoofopublicosafetyoandodisbursementoofocompensationounderotheo ConstitutionaloremediesowereoalsooconsideredobyotheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoino theomatteroofoSanjayoGuptaoandoothersoVersusoStateoofoU.P.oreportedoaso(2022)o 7oSCCo203.oTheorelevantoextractoofotheosameoisoreproducedohereinafterobelow:o "13.oItowasothereafter,otheoDivisionoBenchoofotheoDelhioHighoCourto inoaojudgmentoreportedoasoAssn.oofoVictimsoofoUphaaroTragedyo&o Ors.ov.oUnionoofoIndiao &oOrs.o13onoticedotheodeviationsoinotheo buildingoplansoofotheotheater.oTheoHighoCourtoconsideredoaosimilaro argumentoasowasoraisedoonobehalfoofotheoOrganizersohereinoando heldoasounder:o

47.oo XXXo o XXXo o XXXo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -119-o 2023:PHHC:107430

48.oInoD.K.oBasuoVs.StateoofoWestoBengalo(Supra)oitowasoheldo thato theo claimo ino publico lawo foro compensationo foro unconstitutionalodeprivationoofofundamentalorightotoolifeoando liberty,o theo protectiono ofo whicho iso guaranteedo undero theo Constitution,oisoaoclaimobasedoonostrictoliabilityoandoisoino additionotootheoclaimoavailableoinoprivateolawoforodamageso foro tortiouso actso ofo theo publico servants.o Publico lawo proceedingsoserveoaodifferentopurposeothanotheoprivateolawo proceedings.o Awardo ofo compensationo foro establishedo infringemento ofo theo indefeasibleo rightso guaranteedo underoArticleo21oofotheoConstitutionoisoaoremedyoavailableoino publicolawosinceotheopurposeoofopublicolawoisonotoonlyotoo civiliseopublicopowerobutoalsootooassureotheocitizensothatotheyo liveounderoaolegalosystemowhereinotheirorightsoandointerestso shallobeoprotectedoandopreserved.oGrantoofocompensationoino proceedingso underoArticleo 32ooroArticleo 226oofo theo Constitutiono ofo Indiao foro theo establishedo violationo ofo theo fundamentalo rightso guaranteedo underoArticleo 21,o iso ano exerciseoofotheocourtsounderotheopublicolawojurisdictionoforo penalisingo theo wrongdoero ando fixingo theo liabilityo foro theo publicowrongoonotheoStateowhichofailedoinotheodischargeoofoitso publicodutyotooprotectotheofundamentalorightsoofotheocitizen.o Inotheoassessmentoofocompensation,otheoemphasisohasotoobeo ono theo compensatoryo ando noto ono punitiveo element.o Theo objectiveoisotooapplyobalmotootheowoundsoandonototoopunisho theotransgressoroorotheooffender,oasoawardingoappropriateo punishmento foro theo offenceo (irrespectiveo ofo compensation)o mustobeoleftotootheocriminalocourtsoinowhichotheooffenderoiso prosecuted,owhichotheoState,oinolaw,oisodutyoboundotoodo.oTheo awardoofocompensationoinotheopublicolawojurisdictionoisoalsoo withouto prejudiceo too anyo othero actiono likeo civilo suito foro damageso whicho iso lawfullyo availableo too theo victimo oro theo heirsoofotheodeceasedovictimowithorespectotootheosameomattero foro theotortiouso actocommittedobyo theofunctionariesoofotheo State.oTheoquantumoofocompensationowill,oofocourse,odependo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -120-o 2023:PHHC:107430 upono theo peculiaro factso ofo eacho caseo ando noo strait-jacketo formulaocanobeoevolvedoinothatobehalf.oTheoreliefotooredresso theowrongoforotheoestablishedoinvasionoofotheofundamentalo rightso ofo theo citizen,o undero theo publico lawo jurisdictiono is,o thus,o ino additiono too theo traditionalo remedieso ando noto ino derogationo ofo them.o Theo amounto ofo compensationo aso awardedobyotheoCourtoandopaidobyotheoStateotooredressotheo wrongodone,omayoinoaogivenocase,obeoadjustedoagainstoanyo amountowhichomayobeoawardedotootheoclaimantobyowayoofo damageso ino ao civilo suit.o Dr.Dhawano alsoo reliedo upono theo judgmentoreportedoasoM.C.oMehtaoVs.UnionoofoIndia,o1987o

(1)oSupremeoCourtoCaseso395,otoocontendothatotoojustifyotheo awardoofocompensation,otheorequirementoisothatoinfringemento mustobeogross,opatent,oincontrovertibleoandoexofacieoglaring.o Itoisoalsoohisosubmissionothatotheoremedyoofodamagesowasoano extrao ordinaryo remedyo whereo thereo waso grosso violationo arisingooutoofodeliberateoactionooromaliciousoactionoresultingo inodeprivationoofopersonaloliberty.oItoisosubmittedothatotheo exemplaryodamagesoinopublicolawowereonototoobeoconfusedo withodamagesoinoprivateolawoforowhichoprivateolaworemedieso wereo available.o Theo damageso availableo foro constitutionalo wrongsowereobyoveryonatureoexemplaryoandohaveoaolimitedo meaningo ando wereo noto intendedo too beo compensatoryo ino nature.o Ino supporto ofo hiso contentions,o heo referso too theo judgmentsoofotheoSupremeoCourtoinoNilabatioBeharaoVs.Stateo ofoOrissa,o1993o(2)oSupremeoCourtoCaseso746oandoIndiano Councilo foro Enviroo Legalo Actiono ando Otherso Vs.Uniono ofo IndiaoandoOthers,o1996o(3)oSupremeoCourtoCaseso212.oIno NilabatioBeharaoVs.StateoofoOrissa(Supra),oitowasoheldobyo theoSupremeoCourtothatoitowould,ohowever,obeoappropriateotoo spellooutoclearlyotheoprincipleoonowhichotheoliabilityoofotheo Stateoarisesoinosuchocasesoforopaymentoofocompensationoando theo distinctiono betweeno thiso liabilityo ando theo liabilityo ino privateolawoforopaymentoofocompensationoinoanoactionoono tort.o Ito mayo beo mentionedo straightwayo thato awardo ofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -121-o 2023:PHHC:107430 compensationo ino ao proceedingo underoArticleo 32obyo theo SupremeoCourtoorobyotheoHighoCourtounderoArticleo226oofo theoConstitutionoisoaoremedyoavailableoinopublicolaw,obasedo onostrictoliabilityoforocontraventionoofofundamentalorightsotoo whichotheoprincipleoofosovereignoimmunityodoesonotoapply,o evenothoughoitomayobeoavailableoasoaodefenseoinoprivateolawo inoanoactionobasedoonotort.oThisoisoaodistinctionobetweenotheo twooremediesotoobeoborneoinomindowhichoalsooindicatesotheo basiso ono whicho compensationo iso awardedo ino sucho proceedings.oWeoshallonoworeferotootheoearlierodecisionsoofo thiso courto aso wello aso someo othero decisionso beforeo furthero discussiono ofo thiso principle.o Theo compensationo iso ino theo natureo ofo 'exemplaryo damages'o awardedo againsto theo wrongdoero foro theo breacho too itso publico lawo dutyo ando iso independentoofotheorightsoavailableotootheoaggrievedopartyotoo claimo compensationo undero theo privateo lawo ino ano actiono basedo ono tort,o througho ao suito institutedo ino ao courto ofo competentojurisdictionoor/andoprosecuteotheooffenderoundero theopenalolaw.o

49.oInoIndianoCounciloforoEnvirooLegaloActionoandoOtherso Vs.oUnionoofoIndiaoandootherso(Supra),otheoSupremeoCourto hadoheldothatoevenoifoitoisoassumedothatotheoCourtocannoto awardo damageso againsto theo respondentso ino proceedingso underoArticleo32oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndiaothatowouldonoto meano thato theo Courto couldo noto directo theo Centralo Governmentotoodetermineoandorecoverotheocostooforemedialo measuresofromotheorespondents.oItowasoheldothatoSectiono3oofo theo Environmento (Protection)o Act,o 1986o expresslyo empoweredo theo Centralo Governmento too madeo allo sucho measuresoasoitodeemsonecessaryooroexpedientoforotheopurposeo ofoprotectingoandoimprovingotheoqualityoofoenvironment.oTheo righto too claimo damageso waso lefto byo institutiono ofo suitso ino appropriateoCiviloCourtsoandoitowasoheldothatoifosuchosuitso wereofiledoinoformaopauperis,otheoStateoofoRajasthanoshallonoto CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -122-o 2023:PHHC:107430 opposeo thoseo applicationso foro leaveo too sueo ino formao pauperis.o xxxoxxxo

52.o Weo haveo giveno ouro thoughtfulo considerationo too theo argumentsoadvancedobyoDr.RajeevoDhawanothatopublicolawo remedieso byo wayo ofo writo petitiono areo normallyo limitedo too givingo directions,o providingo interimo ando finalo injunctiveo reliefso ando quashingo decisionso whicho areo violativeo ofo theo fundamentalorightsooroviolationoofolawoandothatotheoremedyo ofodamagesoinopublicolawoisonotoavailableoforoeachoandoeveryo transgressionoofofundamentalorightsonoroultraoviresoactsobyo themselvesogiveoriseotoodamagesoandothatowhereotheodisputeso questionso ofofactoinvolved,otheopartyoshouldobeolefto tootheo normalocourseoofogettingotheomatterodecidedobyoaoCiviloCourto butoweohaveonotobeenoableotoomakeoourselvesoagreeableowitho Dr.RajeevoDhawan.oWeohaveoalreadyoheldoinoourojudgmento datedo 29tho February,o 2000o thato theo petitiono foro claimingo damageso ino publico lawo byo filingo ao petitiono underoArticleo 226oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndiaowasomaintainable.oWeohaveo alsooalreadyoheldothatoitowasonotoaomatteroinowhichohighlyo disputedo questionso ofo facto aroseo ando ito appearso too beo ao matteroinowhichofactsocouldobeoascertainedoveryoeasily.o

14.o Ano appealo againsto theo saido ordero waso partlyo allowedo inoMunicipalo Corporationo ofo Delhi,o Delhio v.o Uphaaro Tragedyo VictimsoAssociationo&oOrs.o(2011)o14oSCCo481owhereinothisoCourto heldoasounder:o "60.o Theo contentiono ofo theo licenseeo iso whato couldo beo awardedoasoaopublicolaworemedyoisoonlyoaonominalointerimo oropalliativeocompensationoandoifoanyoclaimantso(legaloheirso ofo theo deceasedo oro anyo injured)o wantedo ao highero compensation,otheyoshouldofileoaosuitofororecoveryothereof.oIto wasocontendedothatoasowhatowasoawardedowasoanointerimooro palliativeo compensation,o theo Higho Courto couldo noto haveo assumedo theo monthlyo incomeo ofo eacho adulto whoo diedo aso beingo noto lesso thano Rso 15,000o ando theno determiningo theo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -123-o 2023:PHHC:107430 compensationo byo applyingo theo multipliero ofo 15o waso improper.oThisogivesoriseotootheofollowingoquestiono:owhethero theo incomeo ando multipliero methodo adoptedo too finallyo determineocompensationocanobeoarrivedoatowhileoawardingo tentativeooropalliativeocompensationobyowayoofoaopublicolawo remedyounderoArticleo226ooro32oofotheoConstitution?o xxoxxoxxo

64.o Therefore,o whato cano beo awardedo aso compensationo byo wayo ofo publico lawo remedyo needo noto onlyo beo ao nominalo palliativeoamount,obutosomethingomore.oItocanobeobyowayoofo makingomonetaryoamountsoforotheowrongodoneoorobyowayoofo exemplaryodamages,oexclusiveoofoanyoamountorecoverableoino aociviloactionobasedoonotortiousoliability..o.....................o xxoxxoxxo

67.oInsofaroasodeathocasesoareoconcernedotheoprincipleoofo determiningo compensationo iso streamlinedo byo severalo decisionso ofo thiso Court.o (Seeo foro exampleo Sarlao Vermao v.o DTCo[(2009)o6oSCCo121o:o(2009)o2oSCCo(Cri)o1002o:o(2009)o 2o SCCo (Civ)o 770]o .)o Ifo threeo factorso areo availableo theo compensationocanobeodetermined.oTheofirstoisotheoageoofotheo deceased,otheosecondoisotheoincomeoofotheodeceasedoandotheo thirdoisonumberoofodependentso(toodetermineotheopercentageo ofo deductiono foro personalo expenses).o Foro convenienceo theo thirdofactorocanoalsoobeoexcludedobyoadoptingoaostandardo deductionoofoone-thirdotowardsopersonaloexpenses.oThereforeo justotwoofactorsoareorequiredotoobeoascertainedotoodetermineo theocompensationoino59oindividualocases.oFirstoisotheoannualo incomeo ofo theo deceased,o two-thirdso ofo whicho becomeso theo annualo losso ofo dependency;o ando second,o theo ageo ofo theo deceasedowhichowillofurnishotheomultiplieroinotermsoofoSarlao Vermao[(2009)o 6o SCCo 121o :o (2009)o 2oSCCo (Cri)o 1002o :o

(2009)o2oSCCo(Civ)o770]o.oTheoannualolossoofodependencyo multipliedobyotheomultiplierowillogiveotheocompensation.oAso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -124-o 2023:PHHC:107430 thiso iso ao comparativelyo simpleo exercise,o weo directo theo Registraro Generalo ofo theo Delhio Higho Courto too receiveoapplicationso ino regardo too deatho cases,o fromo theo claimantso (legalo heirso ofo theo deceased)o whoo wanto ao compensationoinoexcessoofowhatohasobeenoawarded,othatois,o Rso10olakhs/Rso7.5olakhs.oSuchoapplicationsoshouldobeofiledo withinothreeomonthsofromotoday.oHeoshalloholdoaosummaryo inquiryo ando determineo theo compensation.o Anyo amounto awardedo ino excesso ofo whato iso herebyo awardedo aso compensationo shallo beo borneo exclusivelyo byo theo theatreo owner.oTooexpediteotheoprocessotheoclaimantsoconcernedoando theo licenseeo witho theiro respectiveo counselo shallo appearo beforeotheoRegistrarowithoutofurtheronotice.oForothisopurposeo theoclaimantsoandotheotheatreoowneromayoappearobeforeotheo Registraro ono 10-1-2012o ando takeo furthero orderso ino theo matter.oTheohearingoandodeterminationoofocompensationomayo beo assignedo too anyo Registraro oro othero Senioro Judgeo nominatedobyotheolearnedoChiefoJustice/ActingoChiefoJusticeo ofotheoDelhioHighoCourt.o xxoxxoxxoo

76.4.oTheolicenseeo(appellantoinoCAoNo.o6748oofo2004)oando theoDelhioVidyutoBoardoareoheldojointlyoandoseverallyoliableo too compensateo theo victimso ofo theo Uphaaro fireo tragedy.o Thoughotheiroliabilityoisojointoandoseveral,oasobetweenothem,o theoliabilityoshallobeo85%oonotheopartoofotheolicenseeoando 15%oonotheopartoofotheoDVB."o

15.o oIno ao separateo order,o Hon'bleo Mr.o Justiceo K.S.P.o Radhakrishnanoheldoasounder:o "78.oPrivateolawocausesoofoaction,ogenerallyoenforcedobyotheo claimantso againsto publico bodieso ando individuals,o areo negligence,obreachoofostatutoryoduty,omisfeasanceoinopublico office,oetc.oNegligenceoasoaotortoisoaobreachoofolegalodutyotoo takeo careo whicho resultso ino damageo oro injuryo too another.o Breacho ofo statutoryo dutyo iso conceptuallyo separateo ando CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -125-o 2023:PHHC:107430 independento fromo othero relatedo tortso sucho aso negligenceo thoughoanoactionoforonegligenceocanoalsooariseoasoaoresultoofo cursoryoandomalaofideoexerciseoofostatutoryopowers.oRightoofo anoaggrievedopersonotoosueoinoordinaryocivilocourtsoagainsto theoStateoandoitsoofficialsoandoprivateopersonsothroughoano actiono ino torto ando theo principleso too beo followedo ino consideringo sucho claimso areo wello settledo ando requireo noo furtheroelucidation.o xxoxxoxxo

80.o Weo areo primarilyo concernedo witho theo powerso ofo theo constitutionalocourtsoinoentertainingosuchomonetaryoclaimso raisedo byo theo victimso againsto theo violationo ofo statutoryo provisionsobyotheolicensingoauthorities,olicensees,oandootherso affectingotheofundamentalorightsoguaranteedotoothemoundero theoConstitution.oTheoconstitutionalocourtsoinosuchosituationso areo expectedo too vindicateo theo partieso constitutionally,o compensateothemoforotheoresultingoharmoandoalsootoodetero futureomisconduct.oTheoconstitutionalocourtsoseldomoexerciseo theiro constitutionalo powerso too examineo ao claimo foro compensationo merelyo dueo too violationo ofo someo statutoryo provisionsoresultingoinomonetaryolossotootheoclaimants.oMosto ofo theo caseso ino whicho courtso haveo exercisedo theiro constitutionalo powerso areo wheno thereo iso intenseo seriouso violationo ofo personalo liberty,o righto too lifeo oro violationo ofo humanorights.o xxoxxoxxo

93.oLiabilityotoocompensateoforoinfringementoofofundamentalo rightsoguaranteedounderoArticleo21owasosuccessfullyoraisedo inoKhatrio(2)ov.oStateoofoBiharo[(1981)o1oSCCo627o:o1981o SCCo(Cri)o228]o(BhagalpuroBlindedoPrisonersocase).o xxoxxoxxo

96.oCourtsohaveoheldothatodueotootheoactionooroinactionoofotheo Stateooroitsoofficers,oifotheofundamentalorightsoofoaocitizenoareo infringedo theno theo liabilityo ofo theo State,o itso officialso ando CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -126-o 2023:PHHC:107430 instrumentalities,o iso strict.o Theo claimo raisedo foro compensationoinosuchoaocaseoisonotoaoprivateolawoclaimoforo damages,ounderowhichotheodamagesorecoverableoareolarge.o Theo claimo madeo foro compensationo ino publico lawo iso foro compensatingo theo claimantso foro deprivationo ofo lifeo ando personalolibertyowhichohasonothingotoodoowithoaoclaimoinoao privateolawoclaimoinotortoinoanoordinaryocivilocourt.o xxoxxoxxo

98.oBut,oinoaocase,owhereolifeoandopersonalolibertyohaveobeeno violated,o theo absenceo ofo anyo statutoryo provisiono foro compensationoinotheostatuteoisoofonooconsequence.oRightotoo lifeoguaranteedounderoArticleo21oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndiao isotheomostosacredorightopreservedoandoprotectedounderotheo Constitution,o violationo ofo whicho iso alwayso actionableo ando thereo iso noo necessityo ofo statutoryo provisiono aso sucho foro preservingothatoright.oArticleo21oofotheoConstitutionoofoIndiao hasotoobeoreadointooallopublicosafetyostatutes,osinceotheoprimeo objectoofopublicosafetyolegislationoisotooprotectotheoindividualo andotoocompensateohimoforotheolossosuffered.oDutyoofocareo expectedo fromo Stateo oro itso officialso functioningo undero theo publicosafetyolegislationois,otherefore,overyohigh,ocomparedotoo theo statutoryo powerso ando supervisiono expectedo fromo theo officerso functioningo undero theo statuteso likeo theoCompanieso Act,o theoCooperativeo Societieso Actoando sucho similaro legislations.o Wheno weo looko ato theo variouso provisionso ofo theoCinematographo Act,o 1952o ando theo Ruleso madeo thereunder,o theo Delhio Buildingo Regulationso ando theo Electricityolawsotheodutyoofocareoonoofficialsowasohighoando liabilitiesostrict."o(EmphasisoSupplied)o

16.oo Weofindotheoprecedentsoforopaymentoofocompensationoinoao writopetitionounderoArticleo32oofotheoConstitutionofallounderothreeo categoriesoofocases.oFirstocategoryoisowhereotheoactsoofocommissiono oro omissiono areo attributedo too theo Stateo oro itso officerso sucho aso Nilabatio Behera,o Subeo Singh,o Rudulo Saho v.o Stateo ofo Biharo &o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -127-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Anr.,oBhimoSingh,oMLAov.oStateoofoJo&oKo&oOrs.oandoD.K.oBasuov.o StateoofoW.B.o 17otoo57o XXXo XXXo XXXo

58.oo Theo Stateo haso paido Rs.2o lakhso eacho aso ex-gratiao compensationotootheofamiliesoofotheodeceased,oRs.1olakhoeachoforo theopersonsowhoosufferedoseriousoinjuriesoandoRs.50,000/-oeachoforo theopersonsosufferingofromominoroinjuriesowhereasotheoUnionoofo Indiaohasopaidoex-gratiaocompensationoofoRs.1olakhoeachoforotheo deceasedoandoRs.50,000/-oeachoforothoseowithoseriousoinjuries.oIno termsoofotheoorderoofothisoCourt,otheoStateohasopaidoRs.5olakhsoeacho tootheodeceased,oRs.2olakhsoeachotootheovictimsosufferingoseriouso injurieso ando Rs.o 75,000/-o eacho too theo victimso sufferingo minoro injuries,oapartofromotheoamountopaidobyotheoUnionoofoIndia.o

59.oo Theolistoofodeceasedoandoinjuredopersonsohasobeenoproducedo byo theo learnedo counselo foro theo petitioners.o Theo amounto ofo compensationopayableotooeachoofotheovictimoincludingotheofamilieso ofo theo deceasedo haveo noto beeno computedo ando sucho amounto iso requiredotoobeocomputedoinoaccordanceowithotheoprinciplesoofojusto compensationoasoinotheocaseoofoaccidentounderotheoMotoroVehicleo Act,o1988obyotheoMotoroAccidentsoClaimsoTribunal."o (Emphasisosupplied)o o o Hence,o whileo recognizingo theo entitlemento ofo ao persono too claimo compensation,oitoalsooacknowledgedothatotheoprinciplesoofoMotoroVehicleoAct,o 1988ocanobeoreliedouponoforocomputingocompensation.oTheoprinciplesoofotheo MotoroVehiclesoAct,o1988owereorecognizedobyotheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtotoobeo aojustoprincipleoandocriterionoforocomputingocompensationoandohasobeenoadoptedo evenoinocasesoofonegligenceoresultingoinodeath/oinjuries.oTheosaidoprinciplesohaveo nowobecomeocardinaloinoassessmentoofocompensationolayingodownoandoobjectiveo andobroadoformulaoforocomputingocompensation,owhichoisoalsoolargelyoacceptedo byotheomasses.o NEGLIGENCEoANDoCOMPENSATIONoUNDERoPUBLICoLAWo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -128-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o Theo issueo whicho ariseso nexto relateso too whato 'negligence'o iso 'actionable'oandowhatoisotheomeaningoofo'negligence'oforoentertainingoaoclaimo underotheoPublicoLawoforocompensation.oo TheosaidoquestionowasoexaminedobyotheoHouseoofoLordsoinotheomatteroofo DonoghueoVersusoStevenson,oreportedoaso1932oACo562.oLordoAtkenospokeoono behalfoofotheoBencholayingodownoanoimportantoruleothatotheomanufactureroowesoao dutyoofocareoinotheiromanufacturing,otooallopersonsowhooareoforeseeablyolikelyotoo beoaffectedobyotheolackoofocareoinotheopreparationoofothoseoproducts.oItowaso furthero statedo thato negligenceo dependso upono proofo thato oneo persono haso committedoaobreachoofodutyoofocareobindingouponohimselfoandoowedotooanother,o andohasotherebyocausedoinjuryotoothatoother.oTheojudgmentolaidotheofoundationo forocreationoofoaoseparateotortoofonegligenceohasosinceoevolvedoasoamongstomosto importantotort.oActionsounderonegligenceofaroexceedothoseobroughtoforoanyoothero tort.o Ao twoo tiero testo waso evolvedo ino theo judgmento ofo Annso Versuso Londono BoroughoofoMertono(1977),owhichowasoincreasedotooaotripleotestoinotheojudgmento ofoHouseoofoLordsoinoCaparooIndustriesoPLCoversusoDickmanoreportedoaso1990o AlloEnglandoReportso568.oTheothreeorequirementsowhichowereolaidodownowere:-o

(i)o Thereomustobeoreasonableoforeseeabilityoofotheorelevantolaws;o

(ii)o Itomustobeojustoandoreasonableothatoaodutyoshouldoexist;oando

(iii)o Thereomustoexistorelationshipoofoproximityobetweenotheoparties.o o o Theoconceptoofoforeseeabilityoandoproximityohasobeenoacceptedoasoao flexibleoconceptoasotheoboundsoofoforeseeabilityocanobeostretchedooronarrowedotoo almosto certaintyo oro virtuallyo impossibility.o Ito iso theo reasonablenesso i.e.o theo prudenceoofoaoreasonableopersonothatohasobeenoappliedotootheoforeseeabilityoando proximityooforelationship.oHence,oaoclaimantoisorequiredotooestablishothatotheo respondent/defendantoowedoaodutyotoohimoandotoonextoestablishothatothereowaso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -129-o 2023:PHHC:107430 breachoofothisodutyoonotheoparametersoofoaoreasonableoandoprudentomanotoobeo guidedo byo thoseo considerations.o Theo issueo aso regardso compensationo too beo grantedoforotheonegligenceoshownobyotheostatutoryoauthoritiesohasobeenoundero considerationo foro theo Courto ino variouso matters.o Ino ao caseo relatingo too debriso slidingo downo too theo roado ando claimingo liveso ofo twoo persons,o ao claimo waso awardedoagainstoNationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndia.oTheodefenceotakenobyo theoNationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndiaowasotootheoeffectothatoitohadoenteredo intooanoagreementowithoaoconcessionaireoforomaintenanceoandooperationoofosaido SectionoofotheoNationaloHighwayoandothatoitohadonoofurtheroobligationoandothato theoliabilityowasocastoonotheoconcessionaire.oooo o o o Whileo dealingo witho theo aspecto ofo legalityo ofo theo compensationo awardedounderoQuestiono–IIoinotheomatteroofoTheoDirectoro(RoadoDevelopment)o NationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndiaoVersusoAamoAadmioLokoMunchoando otherso bearingo Civilo Appealo No.6932o ofo 2015o decidedo ono 14.07.2020o ,o theo Hon'bleoSupremeoCourtonoticedoandorecordedotheofollowing:o "54.o Theo legalo positiono regardingo highwayso iso outlinedo ino twoo enactments,oi.e.otheoNationaloHighwaysoAct,o1956o("theoHighwayso Act")oandotheoNHAIoAct.oTheoprovisionsoofotheoHighwaysoAct,otoo theoextentotheyoareorelevantoareoasofollows:o "4.o Nationalo highwayso too vesto ino theo Union.o —o Allo nationalo highwaysoshallovestoinotheoUnion,oandoforotheopurposesoofothisoActo "highways"oinclude—

(i)oallolandsoappurtenantothereto,owhetherodemarcatedooronot;

(ii)o allo bridges,o culverts,o tunnels,o causeways,o carriagewayso ando otherostructuresoconstructedoonooroacrossosuchohighways;oand

(iii)oallofences,otrees,opostsoandoboundary,ofurlongoandomilestoneso ofosuchohighwaysooroanyolandoappurtenantotoosuchohighways. CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -130-o 2023:PHHC:107430

5.o Responsibilityo foro developmento ando maintenanceo ofo nationalo highways.—Ito shallo beo theo responsibilityo ofo theo Centralo Governmentotoodevelopoandomaintainoinoproperorepairoallonationalo highways;obutotheoCentraloGovernmentomay,obyonotificationoinotheo Officialo Gazette,o directo thato anyo functiono ino relationo too theo developmento oro maintenanceo ofo anyo nationalo highwayo shall,o subjecto too sucho conditions,o ifo any,o aso mayo beo specifiedo ino theo notification,oalsoobeoexercisableobyotheoGovernmentoofotheoStateo withinowhichotheonationalohighwayoisosituatedoorobyoanyoofficerooro authorityosubordinateotootheoCentraloGovernmentoorotootheoStateo Government. XXXXXXoXXXXXXoXXXXXXo8A.oPoweroofoCentraloGovernmentotoo entero intoo agreementso foro developmento ando maintenanceo ofo nationalohighwayso—o(1)oNotwithstandingoanythingocontainedoino thisoAct,otheoCentraloGovernmentomayoenterointooanoagreementowitho anyopersonoinorelationotootheodevelopmentoandomaintenanceoofotheo wholeooroanyopartoofoaonationalohighway.

(2)o Notwithstandingo anythingo containedo inosectiono 7,o theo persono referredotooinosub-sectiono(1)oisoentitledotoocollectoandoretainofeesoato suchorate,oforoservicesoorobenefitsorenderedobyohimoasotheoCentralo Governmentomay,obyonotificationoinotheoOfficialoGazette,ospecifyo havingo regardo too theo expenditureo involvedo ino building,o maintenance,omanagementoandooperationoofotheowholeooropartoofo suchonationalohighway,ointerestoonotheocapitaloinvested,oreasonableo return,otheovolumeoofotrafficoandotheoperiodoofosuchoagreement.o(3)o Ao persono referredo too ino sub-sectiono (1)o shallo haveo powerso too regulateoandocontrolotheotrafficoinoaccordanceowithotheoprovisionso containedoinoChapteroVIIIoofotheoMotoroVehiclesoAct,o1988o(59oofo 1988)o ono theo nationalo highwayo formingo subject-mattero ofo sucho agreement,oforoproperomanagementothereof."

55.o Sectiono 16o ofo theo NHAIo Acto spellso outo theo functionso ofo theo NHAI;oitoreadsoasofollows:o "16.oFunctionsoofotheoAuthority.—o(1)oSubjectotootheorulesomadeobyo theoCentraloGovernmentoinothisobehalf,oitoshallobeotheofunctionoofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -131-o 2023:PHHC:107430 theo Authorityo too develop,o maintaino ando manageo theo nationalo highwaysoandoanyootherohighwaysovestedoin,ooroentrustedoto,oitobyo theoGovernment.orulesomadeobyotheoCentraloGovernmentoinothiso behalf,oitoshallobeotheofunctionoofotheoAuthorityotoodevelop,omaintaino andomanageotheonationalohighwaysoandoanyootherohighwaysovestedo in,ooroentrustedoto,oitobyotheoGovernment."

56.oActingoinofurtheranceoofoitsopowers,otheoNHAIoenteredointooano agreementowithotheoconcessionaireoforotheoconstruction,ooperationo andomaintenanceoofotheohighwayoinoquestiono(i.e.otheostretchoofo140o kmsoonowhichotheoaccidentooccurred).oTheoquestionoisowhetherotheo NHAI,owhichoindisputablyoownsoandocontrolsotheohighway,oandoono whoseobehalfoitowasoconstructed,oandoforowhichotheomaintenanceo andooperationoagreementowasoenteredointo,oledotooaodutyoofocare,otoo theouserso(ofotheohighway).o

57.o Thiso issueo hado ariseno inoRajkoto Municipalo Corpn.o v.o ManjulbenoJayantilaloNakumoinotheocontextoofocertainofacts.oTheo deceasedousedotootraveloonoaorailwayoseasonoticketotooRajkototoo attendotoohisoofficeowork.oOneodayowhilstoheowasoonotheofootpathoono theowayotoohisooffice,oaoroadsideotreeosuddenlyofelloonohim,oresultingo inoseriousoinjuriesoonotheoheadoandootheropartsoofotheobody,oando laterodiedoinotheohospital.oTheoHighoCourtoallowedotheowritopetition.o Thisocourtonotedotheodistinctionobetweenoaocommonolawodutyoofo careoowedotoomembersoofotheopublic,oandowhetheroliabilityocouldobeo imposedouponoaolocaloauthorityoforobreachoofoitsostatutoryoduty.oTheo courto noticedo previouso Englisho decisionso ando statedo thato theo questionoemergesoasotoowhenowouldotheobreachoofostatutoryodutyo underoaoparticularoenactmentogiveoriseotootortiousoliability?oTheo statutoryodutyogivesoriseotoociviloaction.oTheostatutoryonegligenceoiso suiogenerisoandoindependentoofoanyootheroformoofotortiousoliability.o Ito would,o therefore,o beo ofo necessityo too findo outo fromo theo constructionoofoeachostatutoryodutyowhetherotheoparticularodutyoiso generalodutyoinopublicolawooroprivateolawodutyotowardsotheoplaintiff.o Theoplaintiffomustoshowothato(a)otheoinjuryosufferedoisowithinotheo ambito ofo statute;o (b)o statutoryo dutyo imposeso ao liabilityo foro civilo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -132-o 2023:PHHC:107430 action;o(c)otheostatutoryodutyowasonotofulfilled;oando(d)otheobreacho ofodutyohasocausedohimoinjury.oTheseoessentialsoareorequiredotoobeo consideredoinoeachocase.oTheoactionoforobreachoofostatutoryodutyo mayo belongo too theo categoryo ofo eitherostrictooroabsoluteo liabilityo whicho iso required,o therefore,o too beo(1997)o 9o SCCo 552oGorriso v.o Scotto[(1874)o9oExcho125]oandoKilgollanov.oWilliamoCookeo&oCo.o Ltd.o(1956)o2oAlloERo294,oCA]oconsideredoinotheonatureoofostatutoryo dutyotheodefendantoowesotootheoplaintiff;owhetherooronototheodutyoiso absolute;oandotheopublicopolicyounderlyingotheoduty.oInomostocases,o theo statuteo mayo noto giveo riseo too causeo ofo actiono unlesso ito iso breachedo ando ito haso causedo damageo too theo plaintiff,o thougho occasionallyotheostatuteomayomakeobreachoofodutyoactionableopero se.oTheoburden,otherefore,oisoonotheoplaintiffotooproveoonobalanceoofo probabilitieso thato theo defendanto oweso thato dutyo ofo careo too theo plaintiffooroclassoofopersonsotoowhomoheobelongs,othatodefendanto waso negligento ino theo performanceo oro omissiono ofo thato dutyo ando breachoofodutyocausedooromateriallyocontributedotoohisoinjuryoando thatodutyoofocareoisoowedoonotheodefendant.oIfotheostatuteorequireso certainoprotectionoonotheoprincipleoofovolentiononofitoinjuria,otheo liabilityostandsoexcluded.oTheobreachoofodutyocreatedobyoaostatute,oifo itoresultsoinodamageotooanoindividualoprimaofacie,oisotortoforowhicho theoactionoforodamagesowillolieoinotheosuit.oOneowouldooftenotakeotheo Act,oasoaowhole,otoofindooutotheoobjectoofotheolawoandotoofindoouto whetherooneohasoaorightoandoremedyoprovidedoforobreachoofoduty.oIto would,otherefore,obeoofonecessityoinoeveryocaseotoofindotheointentiono ofo legislatureo ino creatingo dutyo ando theo resultanto consequenceso sufferedofromotheoactionooroomissionothereof,owhichoareorequiredotoo beo considered.o Noo actiono foro damageso lieso ifo ono propero constructionoofostatute,otheointentionoisothatosomeootheroremedyoiso available.o Oneo ofo theo testso ino determiningo theo intentiono ofo theo statuteoisotooascertainowhetherotheodutyoisoowedoprimarilyotootheo generalopublicoorocommunityoandoonlyoincidentallyotooanoindividualo oro primarilyo too theo individualo oro classo ofo individualso ando onlyo incidentallyotootheogeneralopublicoorotheocommunity.oIfotheostatuteo aimsoatodutyotooprotectoaoparticularocitizenooroparticularoclassoofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -133-o 2023:PHHC:107430 citizensotoowhichotheoplaintiffobelongs,oitoprimaofacieocreatesoatotheo sameotimeocorelativeorightovestedoinothoseocitizensoofowhichoplaintiffo iso one;o heo haso remedyo foro enforcement,o namely,o theo actiono foro damagesoforoanyolossooccasionedodueotoonegligenceooroforofailureo ofoit.oButothisotestoisonotoalwaysoconclusive.o

19.oDutyomayobeoofosuchoparamountoimportanceothatoitoisoowedotoo allotheopublic.oItowouldobeowrongotoothinkothatoonoanoaction,otheo dutyocouldobeoenforcedobyowayoofodamagesowhenodutyoisoowedotooao sectionoofopublicoandocannotobeoenforcedoifoanoindividualosustainso damagesotoowhomotheoCorporationoowesonoodutyoandonooprivateo interestoisoinfringed.oBreachoofostatutoryoduty,otherefore,orequireso too beo examinedo ino theo contextoino whicho theo dutyoisocreatedo noto towardsotheoindividual,obutohasoitsoeffectoonotheorightoofoindividualo vis-?-visotheosociety.o Statutoryodutyogenerallyoisotowardsopublicoatolargeoandonototowardso anoindividualooroindividualsoandotheocorelativeorightoisovestedoinotheo publico ando noto ino privateo person,o eveno thougho theyo mayo suffero damages.oTheodutyoinosuchoaocaseoisotoobeoenforcedobyowayoofo criminalo prosecutiono oro byo wayo ofo injunctiono ato theo suito undero Sectiono192oofoCPCoorowitholeaveoofocourtounderoOrderoI,oRuleo8o CPCobyopublic-ospiritedopersonooroinoanyoappropriateomannerotoo enforceotheorightoandonotobyowayoofoprivateoactionoforodamages.oIno thatosituation,otheolegislature,owhileorecognisingotheoprivateorighto vestedo ino ano injuredo individual,o mayo intendo thato ito shallo beo maintainedo solelyo byo someo specialo remedyo providedo foro ao particularo caseo ando noto byo ordinaryo methodo ofo ano actiono foro damagesoasopenaltyoorocompensation.o XXXXXXoXXXXXXoXXXXXXo

24.o Generally,o ao publico authorityo entrustedo witho noo statutoryo obligationotooexerciseoaopower,odoesonotocomeounderocommonolawo dutyoofocareotoodoosoobutobyoconductotheopublicoauthorityomayoplaceo itselfoinosuchoaosituationothatoitoattractsotheodutyoofocareowhichocallso foroexerciseoofotheopower.oCommonoillustrationoisoprovidedobyoano actionoinowhichoanoauthorityoinotheoexerciseoofoitsofunctions,oifoito hadocreatedoaodanger,otherebyosubjectingoitselfotooaodutyoofocareoforo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -134-o 2023:PHHC:107430 theosafetyoofoothersowhichomustobeodischargedobyoanoexerciseoofoitso statutoryopoweroorobyogivingonecessaryowarnings.oItoisotheoconducto ofotheoauthorityoinocreatingotheodangerothatoattractsotheodutyoofocareo asoenvisagedoinoSheppardov.oBoroughoofoGlossopo[(1921)o3oKBo132o :o1921oAlloERoRepo61,oCA]o.oTheostatuteodoesonotobyoitselfogiveoriseo tooaociviloactionobutoitoformsotheoformulationoonowhichotheocommono lawocanobuildoaocauseoofoaction….o XXXXXXoXXXXXXoXXXXXXo

39.o Ito cano beo seeno thato ordinarilyo theo principleo ofo theo lawo ofo negligenceoappliesotoopublicoauthoritiesoalso.oTheyoareoliableotoo damagesobecauseobyoaonegligentoactoorofailureotooactowhenotheyoareo underoaodutyotooactooroforoaofailureotooconsiderowhetherotooexerciseo ao powero conferredo ono themo witho theo intentiono thato ito wouldo beo exercisedoifoandowhenopublicointerestorequiresoit.oWhereotheopublico authorityo haso decidedo too exerciseo ao powero ando haso doneo ito negligentlyoaopersonowhoohasoactedoinorelianceoonowhatotheopublico authorityo haso done,o mayo haveo noo difficultyo ino provingo thato theo damageso whicho heo haso sufferedo haveo beeno causedo byo theo negligence.o Whereo theo damageo haso resultedo fromo ao negligentofailureotooactothereomayobeogreaterodifficultyoinoprovingo causationoandorequiresoexaminationoinogreaterodetail.o…"o

58.oInotheoUK,otheodutyoofoaohighwayoauthorityowasodescribedobyo DiplockoL.J.oinoGriffithsov.oLiverpooloCorporationoasofollows:o "Theodutyoatocommonolawotoomaintain,owhichoincludesoaodutyotoo repairoaohighway,owasonotobasedoinonegligenceobutoinonuisance.oIto waso ano absoluteo dutyo too maintain,o noto merelyo ao dutyo too takeo reasonableocareotoomaintain,oandotheostatutoryodutyowhichoreplacedo itowasoalsooabsolute."oAgain,oDiplock,oLJostatedoinoBurnsideov.o Emersonodescribedotheodutyoasofollows: "inosuchogoodorepairoasorendersoitoreasonablyopassableoforotheo ordinaryotrafficoofotheoneighbourhoodoatoalloseasonsoofotheoyearo withoutodangerocausedobyoitsophysicalocondition."

59.oLater,oinoHaydonov.oKentoCountyoCounciloLordoDenningoM.R.o explainedothatowhileotheodutyotoomaintainotheohighwayomeantoano CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -135-o 2023:PHHC:107430 absoluteodutyotooensureothatoitowasoinoaoconditionotoobeousedoasoao highwayoandotooensureosafety,oitodidonotoincludeotheodutyotooensureo atoallotimesothatotheoroadosurfaceowasokeptoclean.oItowasoclarifiedo however,othatotheoissueohadotoobeoconsideredoinoeachocase,oandoito wasotoobeoconsideredowhetherotheoauthorityohadotakenoreasonableo stepso too keepo ito ino goodo repairo aftero beingo notifiedo abouto obstruction: "Ifosectiono41oisotoobeoconstruedoasocapableoofoimposingoaodutyotoo takeoremedialomeasuresotoodealowithoiceoandosnowoonoaohighway,ooro footway,o whicho iso ino goodo physicalo repair,o soo thato whethero ino particularocircumstancesothatodutyohasoarisenoisotoobeodecidedo'asoao questionoofofactoandodegree,'oitowouldoseemothatotheofactsorelevanto toodeterminingowhetherotheodutyohasoarisenowouldobeoessentiallyo similarotoothoseorelevantotoodecidingowhetheroaobreachoofotheodutyo hasobeenoprovedoandowhetherotheostatutoryodefenceounderosectiono 58ohasobeenomadeoout.oParliamentodidonotodefineothoseofactsoforotheo purposeoofosectiono41.oTheoconceptoofotheopassingoofosufficientotimeo toomakeoitoprimaofacieounreasonableoforotheohighwayoauthorityotoo haveofailedotootakeoremedialomeasuresomustopresupposeosomeoideao ofotheoamountoando[1967]o1oQ.B.o374o[1968]o1oW.L.R.o1490o[1978]o Q.B.o343onatureoofotheoresourcesoforodealingowithosnowoandoiceo whichoareoorooughtotoobeoavailableotootheoauthority,oandoofotheo ordero ofo priorityo amongo differento carriagewayso ando footwayso whichoguidesoorowhichooughtotooguideotheoauthority;oandoofotheo necessaryo degreeo ofo urgencyo ino usingo thoseo resources.o Noo sucho guidanceo iso giveno ino theo statuteo witho referenceo too proofo ofo theo arisingoofotheoduty."

60.oInoStovinovoWise,otheodefendantoemergedofromoaosideoroadoando ranodownotheoplaintiff,obecauseosheowasonotokeepingoaoproperolook-out.o Wheno sheo waso suedo foro damages,o theo defendanto joinedo theo Countyo Councilo aso ao thirdo partyo becauseo theo visibilityo ato theo intersectionowasopooroandotheyosaidothatotheoCouncil,owhichohado theo dutyo too maintaino theo roado shouldo haveo doneo somethingo too improveoit.oTheocouncilohadostatutoryopowersowhichowouldohaveo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -136-o 2023:PHHC:107430 enabledotheonecessaryoworkotoobeodoneoandothereowasoevidenceothato theo relevanto officerso hado decidedo ino principleo thato ito shouldo beo done,obutotheyohadonototakenostepsotoodooit.oTheoHouseoofoLordso heldothatothereowasonoodutyoofocareoinoprivateolawobasedoonotheo statutoryoduty,oandothato"Driversoofovehiclesomustotakeotheohighwayo networkoasotheyofindoit".oItowasoheldothatostatutoryopowerocouldonoto beo convertedo intoo ao commono lawo duty.o Theo councilo hado doneo nothingowhich,oapartofromostatute,owouldohaveoattractedoaocommono lawodutyoofocare.oItohadodoneonothingoatoall.oTheoonlyobasisoono whicho ito waso ao candidateo foro liabilityo waso thato Parliamento hado entrustedoitowithogeneraloresponsibilityoforotheohighwaysoandogiveno ito theo powero too improveo themo ando takeo othero measureso foro theo safetyo ofo theiro users.o Lordo Hoffmanno observed,o "Ino summary,o therefore,oIothinkothatotheominimumopreconditionsoforobasingoaodutyo ofocareouponotheoexistenceoofoaostatutoryopower,oifoitocanobeodoneoato all,o are,o first,o thato ito wouldo ino theo circumstanceso haveo beeno irrationalonototoohaveoexercisedotheopower,osoothatothereowasoino effecto ao publico lawo dutyo too act,o ando secondly,o thato thereo areo exceptionalo groundso foro holdingo thato theo policyo ofo theo statuteo requireso compensationo too beo paido too personso whoo suffero losso becauseotheopowerowasonotoexercised."o1996o(3)oAlloERo801

61.oStovino(supra)oandoitsoenunciationothatotheoexistenceoofoaopublico dutyodidonotoperoseoextendotooaoprivateodutyoofocareotootakeospecialo measures,ounlessoexceptionalofeaturesowereoproved,owasofollowedo ino Gorringeo v.o Calderdaleo Metropolitano Borougho Council.o Theo entireolawowasore-examinedoandotheocorrectoposition,orestatedoinoao recentojudgmentobyotheoUKoSupremeoCourtoinoRobinsonov.oChiefo ConstableoofoWestoYorkshireoPolice,owhichoobservedoasofollows:o "32oo Ato commono law,o publico authoritieso areo generallyo subjectotootheosameoliabilitiesoinotortoasoprivateoindividualso andobodies:osee,oforoexample,oEntickovoCarringtono(1765)o2o WilsoKBo275oandoMerseyoDocksoandoHarbouroBoardovoGibbso

(1866)o LRo 1o HLo 93.o Diceyo famouslyo statedo thato "everyo official,ofromotheoPrimeoMinisterodownotooaoconstableooroao CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -137-o 2023:PHHC:107430 collectoroofotaxes,oisounderotheosameoresponsibilityoforoeveryo actodoneowithoutolegalojustificationoasoanyootherocitizen":o Theo Lawo ofo theo Constitution,o 3rdo edo (1889),o po 181.o Ano importantoexceptionoatocommonolawowasotheoCrown,obutothato exceptiono waso addressedo byo theo Crowno Proceedingso Acto 1947,osectiono2.

33.oo Accordingly,oifoconductowouldobeotortiousoifocommittedo byoaoprivateopersonoorobody,oitoisogenerallyoequallyotortiouso ifocommittedobyoaopublicoauthority:osee,oforoexample,oDorseto YachtoCooLtdovoHomeoOfficeo[1970]oACo1004,oasoexplainedo ino Gorringe'so caseo 2004o (1)o WLRo 1057,o parao 39.o Thato generalo principleo iso subjecto too theo possibilityo thato theo commonolawoorostatuteomayoprovideootherwise,oforoexampleo byoauthorisingotheoconductoinoquestion:oGeddisovoProprietorso ofoBannoReservoiro(1878)o3oAppoCaso430.oItofollowsothato publico authoritieso areo generallyo undero ao dutyo ofo careo too avoidocausingoactionableoharmoinosituationsowhereoaodutyoofo careo wouldo ariseo undero ordinaryo principleso ofo theo lawo ofo negligence,ounlessotheolawoprovidesootherwise.

34.oo Ono theo othero hand,o publico authorities,o likeo privateo individualsoandobodies,oareogenerallyounderonoodutyoofocareo toopreventotheooccurrenceoofoharm:oasoLordoToulsonoJSCo statedo ino Michael'so caseo [2015]o ACo 1732,o parao 97,o "theo commono lawo doeso noto generallyo imposeo liabilityo foro pureo omissions".oThiso"omissionsoprinciple"ohaso2004o(1)oWLRo 1057o2019o (2)o Allo ERo 1041obeenohelpfullyo summarisedo byo TofarisoandoSteel,o"NegligenceoLiabilityoforoOmissionsoando theoPolice"o[2016]oCLJo128:o "Inotheotortoofonegligence,oaopersonoAoisonotounderoao dutyotootakeocareotoopreventoharmooccurringotoopersono BothroughoaosourceoofodangeronotocreatedobyoAounlesso

(i)oAohasoassumedoaoresponsibilityotooprotectoBofromo thatodanger,o(ii)oAohasodoneosomethingowhichopreventso anotherofromoprotectingoBofromothatodanger,o(iii)oAo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -138-o 2023:PHHC:107430 haso ao specialo levelo ofo controlo overo thato sourceo ofo danger,o oro (iv)o A'so statuso createso ano obligationo too protecto Bo fromo thato danger."o 35o Aso thato summaryo makesoclear,othereoareocertainocircumstancesoinowhicho publicoauthorities,olikeoprivateoindividualsoandobodies,o cano comeo undero ao dutyo ofo careo too prevento theo occurrenceo ofo harm:o see,o foro example,o Barretto vo Enfieldo Londono Borougho Councilo [2001]o2o ACo 550o ando Phelpso vo Hillingdono Londono Borougho Councilo [2001]o 2o ACo 619,o aso explainedo ino Gorringe'so caseo 2004o(1)oWLRo1057,oparaso39–40.oInotheoabsenceoofo sucho circumstances,o however,o publico authoritieso generallyooweonoodutyoofocareotowardsoindividualsotoo conferoaobenefitouponothemobyoprotectingothemofromo harm,oanyomoreothanowouldoaoprivateoindividualooro body:o see,o foro example,o Smitho vo Littlewoodso Organisationo Ltdo [1987]o ACo 241,o concerningo ao privateo body,o appliedo ino Mitchello vo Glasgowo Cityo Councilo [2009]o ACo 874,o concerningo ao publico authority.o

36.oThatoisoso,onotwithstandingothatoaopublicoauthorityomayo haveostatutoryopowersoorodutiesoenablingoororequiringoitotoo preventotheoharmoinoquestion.oAowelloknownoillustrationoofo thatoprincipleoisotheodecisionoofotheoHouseoofoLordsoinoEasto SuffolkoRiversoCatchmentoBoardovoKento[1941]oACo74.oTheo positionoisodifferentoif,oonoitsotrueoconstruction,otheostatutoryo poweroorodutyoisointendedotoogiveoriseotooaodutyotooindividualo membersoofotheopublicowhichoisoenforceableobyomeansoofoao privateo righto ofo action.o If,o however,o theo statuteo doeso noto createoaoprivateorightoofoaction,otheno"itowouldobe,otoosayotheo least,ounusualoifotheomereoexistenceoofotheostatutoryodutyo[or,o aofortiori,oaostatutoryopower]ocouldogenerateoaocommonolawo dutyoofocare":oGorringe'socaseo2004o(1)oWLRo1057,oparao

23.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -139-o 2023:PHHC:107430

40.o However,o untilo theo reasoningo ino theo Annso caseo waso repudiated,o ito waso noto possibleo too justifyo ao rejectiono ofo liability,owhereoaoprimaofacieodutyoofocareoaroseoatotheofirsto stageoofotheoanalysisofromotheoforeseeabilityoofoharm,oonotheo basisothatopublicobodiesoareonotogenerallyoliableoforofailingo tooexerciseotheirostatutoryopowersoorodutiesosooasotooconfero theo benefito ofo protectiono fromo harm.o Instead,o ito waso necessaryo too haveo recourseo too publico policyo ino ordero too justifyotheorejectionoofoliabilityoatotheosecondostage.oThatowaso accordinglyotheoapproachoadoptedobyotheoHouseoofoLordso andotheoCourtoofoAppealoinoaoseriesoofojudgments,oincludingo Hill'so caseo [1989]o ACo 53.o Theo needo too haveo recourseo too publicopolicyoforothatopurposeohasobeenosupersededobyotheo returnotooorthodoxyoinoGorringe'socase.oSinceothatocase,oao publicoauthority'sonon-liabilityoforotheoconsequencesoofoano omissiono cano generallyo beo justifiedo ono theo basiso thato theo omissionso principleo iso ao generalo principleo ofo theo lawo ofo negligence,oandotheolawoofonegligenceogenerallyoappliesotoo publicoauthoritiesoinotheosameowayothatoitoappliesotooprivateo individualsoandobodies.o

41.o Equally,o concernso abouto publico policyo cannoto ino themselvesooverrideoaoliabilityowhichowouldoariseoatocommono lawoforoaopositiveoactocarriedooutoinotheocourseoofoperformingo aostatutoryofunction:otheotrueoquestionoisowhether,oproperlyo construed,o theo statuteo excludeso theo liabilityo whicho wouldo otherwiseoarise:oseeoGorringe'socaseo2004o(1)oWLRo1057,o parao38,operoLordoHoffmann.o

42.o Thato iso noto too denyo thato whato mighto beo describedo aso policyoconsiderationsosometimesohaveoaoroleotooplayoinotheo lawoofonegligence.oAsoexplainedoearlier,owhereoestablishedo principleso doo noto provideo ao clearo answero too theo questiono whethero ao dutyo ofo careo shouldo beo recognisedo ino ao novelo situation,o theo courto willo haveo too considero whethero itso recognitionowouldobeojustoandoreasonable."o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -140-o 2023:PHHC:107430

62.oo Ino Yetkino v.o Mahmood,o whereo injuryo waso causedo too ao highwayo usero byo shrubso whicho hado overgrowno ando impededo visibility,o theo courto upheldo theo claimo foro damages.o Theo courto observedoasofollows:o "…Theo plantingo ofo vegetationo ino theo raisedo bedso ofo theo centralo reservationoisoobviouslyoaoreasonableoexerciseoofotheoauthority'so powersobutotooplantoshrubsowhichowillogrowosoolargeoasotooobscureo theoviewoandothenonototooensureothatotheyoareotrimmedobackoisoao negligentoexerciseoofothoseopowers.oTheojudgeoheldothatothatofailureo wasoaocauseo2011oQBo827oofothisoaccident.oItoisonotosuggestedothato heo waso noto righto soo too hold.o Io haveo noo doubto that,o ino theo circumstancesoofothisocase,otheolocaloauthorityohadoaocommonolawo dutyo ofo careo towardso theo claimant,o notwithstandingo hero owno negligence,othatothatodutyowasobreachedoandothatotheobreachowasoao causeoofotheoaccident.oThereowasonooneedoforotheojudgeotooconsidero whetherotheodangerocreatedobyotheobushesoamountedotooaotrapooro enticement.o Ito followso ino myo judgmento thato theo judgeo erredo ino dismissingotheoclaim.oHeoshouldohaveoheldothatoprimaryoliabilityo wasoestablished."

63.oo AosimilaroapproachowasoindicatedobyothisocourtoinoMunicipalo Corpn.oofoDelhiov.oSushilaoDevio(whereoaotreeofelloonoaopasser-byo causingoinjury)otheocourtoupheldotheofindingsothatotheomunicipalo corporationowasoliable,ostatingothat:o "13.oByoaocatenaoofodecisions,otheolawoisowellosettledothatoifothereoiso aotreeostandingoonotheodefendant'solandowhichoisodriedoorodeadoando forothatoreasonomayofalloandotheodefectoisooneowhichoisoeitheroknowno oroshouldohaveobeenoknownotootheodefendant,othenotheodefendantoiso liableoforoanyoinjuryocausedobyotheofalloofotheotreeo(seeoBrownov.o Harrisono[1947oWNo191o:o63oTLRo484],oQuinnov.oScotto[(1965)o1o WLRo1004o:o(1965)o2oAlloERo588]oandoMackieov.oDumbartonshireo CountyoCouncilo[1927oWNo247]o).oTheodutyoofotheoowner/occupiero ofotheopremisesobyotheosideoofotheoroadowhereonopersonsolawfullyo passoby,oextendsotooguardingoagainstowhatomayohappenojustobyotheo sideo ofo theo premiseso ono accounto ofo anythingo dangerouso ono theo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -141-o 2023:PHHC:107430 premises.o Theo premiseso musto beo maintainedo ino ao safeo stateo ofo repair.oTheoowner/occupierocannotoescapeotheoliabilityoforoinjuryo causedo byo anyo dangerouso thingo existingo ono theo premiseso byo pleadingothatoheohadoemployedoaocompetentopersonotookeepotheo premiseso ino safeo repairs.o Ino Municipalo Corpn.o ofo Delhio v.o Subhagwantio[AIRo1966oSCo1750]oaoclockotowerowhichowaso80o years'ooldocollapsedoinoChandnioChowk,oDelhiocausingotheodeathoofo aonumberoofopersons.oTheiroLordshipsoheldothatotheoownerocouldo notobeopermittedotootakeoaodefenceothatoheoneitheroknewonorooughto toohaveo knownotheodanger.o "[T]heo ownero isolegallyo responsibleo irrespectiveo ofo whethero theo damageo iso causedo byo ao patento oro ao latentodefect,"o—osaidotheiroLordships.oInoouroopinionotheosameo principleoisoapplicableotootheoowneroofoaotreeostandingobyotheosideo ofoaoroad.oIfotheotreeoisodangerousoinotheosenseothatoonoaccountoofo anyodiseaseoorobeingodeadotheotreeooroitsobranchoisolikelyotoofalloando therebyoinjureoanyopasser-byothenosuchoao(1999)o4oSCCo317oatopageo 323otreeoorobranchomustobeoremovedosooasotooavertotheodangerotoo life.oItoisopertinentotoonoteothatoitoisonototheodefenceoofotheoMunicipalo Corporationo thato viso majoro oro ano acto ofo Godo sucho aso ao storm,o tempest,o lightningo oro extraordinaryo heavyo raino hado occurredo causingo theo fallo ofo theo brancho ofo theo treeo ando henceo theo Corporationo waso noto liable."o Thiso approacho thato ao statutoryo corporationoorolocaloauthorityocanobeoheldoliableoinotortoforoinjuryo occasionedo ono accounto ofo omissiono too oversee,o oro defectiveo supervisionoofoitsoactivitiesocontractedooutotooanotheroagency,owaso alsoofollowedoinoVadodaraoMunicipaloCorporationovoPurshottamoV.o Muranji.

64.oo TheotermsoofotheoagreementowhichotheoNHAIoenteredointoo withotheoconcessionaireoclearlyocontemplatedotheosafetyoofohighwayo userso (Clauseo 18.1.1)o ando ano elaborateo highwayo monitoringo mechanismo (Clauseo 19.1).o Theo agreemento alsoo requiredo anyo unusualooccurrencesotoobeoreported;oanoindependentoengineerowaso requiredo to,o ando dido inspecto theo highway.o Theo reportso ofo theo inspectingo engineero revealo thato theo deficiencieso byo wayo ofo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -142-o 2023:PHHC:107430 narrowingoofowaterochannels,oandotheounusualocollectionoofodebris,o wereonoted.oEvenobeforeotheoincident,otheoNHAIowasoaliveotoothis;oito hado separatelyo writteno too Rathod,o ando latero too theo localo administrationoaboutoitothroughoitsoletterodatedo15.04.2011.oThato letteroisorevealing;oitointeroalia,ostatesothat:o "Duringo pre-monsoono rainso allo theo excavatedo mucko haso beeno carriedo too NH4o alongwitho raino watero ando blocko Satarao boundo trafficolaneoforoquiteosomeotime.oTheoproblemowillobeosevereoduringo heavyorainsoofoJulyoandoAugust. o Asosuchosafetyoofohighwayoandotunneloisocompletelyoatostakeo dueotooindiscriminateocuttingoofohillsoonoupperosideoofotunneloando bothotheoend."

65.oo HavingoregardotootheodutyoimposedoonotheoNHAIobyovirtueo ofoSectionso4oando5oofotheoHighwaysoAct,oreadowithoSectiono16oofo theoNHAIoAct,othereocanobeonoomanneroofodoubtothatotheoNHAIowaso responsibleoforotheomaintenanceoofotheo2014o(16)oSCCo14ohighway,o includingotheostretchouponowhichotheoaccidentooccurred.oTheoreporto ofotheosub-divisionaloofficeroclearlyoshowsothatoinspectionoreportso wereo furnishedo too theo NHAIo shortlyo beforeo theo incident,o highlightingo theo deficiencies;o also,o theo NHAI'so correspondenceo withoRathod,oandotheolocaloadministration,orevealothatoitowasoawareo ofo theo dangero ando likelihoodo ofo risko too humano life,o ando theo foreseeabilityoofotheoeventothatoactuallyooccurredolater.oFurther,o letterso addressedo byo theo localo administrationo ando theo NHAIo too Rathodo similarlyo showo thato ito waso incumbento upono himo too takeo remedialo action.o Theo failureo ofo theo NHAIo too ensureo remedialo action,o ando likewiseo theo failureo byo Rathodo too takeo measureso too preventotheoaccident,oprimaofacie,odiscloseotheiroliability."o o CONSIDERATIONoANDoCONCLUSION:o o o Itoisoevidentofromoaoperusaloofotheoaboveothatotheolawonotoonlyo imposesoanoobligationoonotheorespondent-StateoAgenciesotoocurbotheomenaceoofo animalso(stray/wild/pet)oonopublicostreets/passages,obutohasoalsooburdenedotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -143-o 2023:PHHC:107430 instrumentalitiesowithotheoliabilityotoopayocompensationoonotheooccurrenceoofo sucho lapse.o Eveno thougho multipleo agencieso tillo theo Gramo Panchayatso ato theo primaryolevelohaveobeenomadeodutyoboundoinotheolegislativeoscheme,ohowever,o allotheoagencies/individuallyoasowelloasocollectively,oindulgedoinodoingowhatotheyo doobesto–oshiftotheoburden.oAnoincreasingonumberoofofatalitiesoandoanoalarmingo rateo ofo strayo animalo ono roadso (whicho iso ao directo outcomeo ofo Stateo policyo implementationo withouto impacto assessmento ando infrastructureo creation)o haso startedotakingoitsotolloonohumanolife.oItoisothusoessentialothatotheoStateoandoitso instrumentalitiesoshouldonowoshareotheoburdenoandoshoulderotheoresponsibility.oo o o Notwithstandingo thato sucho ao largeo numbero ofo caseso areo beingo reportedo ando eveno institutedo beforeo theo Courts,o theo Stateo haso showno noo inclinationotooaddressotheoissue.oTheyohaveochosenotoolookotheootherowayoaso peopleosufferoinjuriesoeveryodayoandounderplayotheomagnitudeoofotheoproblemobyo under-recordingotheoincidents.oTheodenialoofoexistenceoofoaoproblemodoesonoto redressotheoproblemobutoonlyoescalatesotheoagonyoofotheocitizen.oo o o Thiso Courto requestedo theo agencieso too frameo certaino schemeo ando afteromuchopersuasion,oonlyotheoStatesoofoPunjaboandoHaryanaohaveobeenoableotoo notifyo ao schemeo foro grantingo ex-gratiao financialo assistance.o Theo U.T.o Chandigarho ando theoNationalo Highwayo Authorityo ofo Indiao (NHAI)o haveo noto comeo upo witho anyo scheme.o Besides,o theo saido schemeso haveo beeno notifiedo prospectivelyoandodoonotoundertakeoanyoeffortsotooaddressotheocasesothatohaveo alreadyobeenofiledobeforeothisoCourt.oTheorelevantoaspectoofotheopolicyoisoaso under:oo POLICYoNOTIFIEDoBYoTHEoSTATEoOFoHARYANAo

(i)o o TheoabovesaidopolicyoisoconfinedoonlyotootheoresidentsoofoHaryanao andoalsoodoesonotoextendotheobenefitsotootheovictimsowhoohaveosufferedoinjuries.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -144-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Hence,oevenothoughoincident/accidentomayohaveooccurredoquaoaoclaimantowithino theoterritoryoofotheoStateoandoifohe/sheoisonotoresidentoofotheoStateoofoHaryana,otheo benefitoofotheopolicyoisonotoavailableotoohim/her.o

(ii)o o Theo policyo stipulateso compensationo onlyo ino caseso ofo deatho oro permanentodisabilityoandodoesonototalkoofoanyorelief/compensationotowardsotheo simpleoorogrievanceohurt/injuriesonotoresultingointooanyopermanentodisability.o

(iii)o o Thereoisonootimeoframeoprescribedoinotheoabovesaidopolicyowithino whichotheocompensationoisotoobeopaid.ooo POLICYoNOTIFIEDoBYoTHEoSTATEoOFoPUNJABo

(i)o o Theo saido policyo stipulateso theo determinationo ando granto ofo compensationo byo theo Committeeo whicho iso confinedo ino itso scopeo too Localo GovernmentoasowelloasotheoDepartmentoofoPanchayatoandoDevelopment.oTheo expressiono usedo foro granto ofo compensationo againsto concernedo Authority/o Departmentoisoinorelationotootheovictimsoifoanimaloattackowithinoitsojurisdiction.o Theoissueoofojurisdictionohasobeenoleftowideoandopavingowayoforotheodisputesoaso toowhetherotheoforestoareaoasowelloasoNationaloHighwaysowouldobeowithinotheo jurisdictionoofotheoLocaloGovernmentoand/orotheosaidorespectiveodepartments.o

(ii)o o Eveno thougho theo policyo stipulatedograntoofo compensationotootheo victimoofotheoattackoofoanoanimal,ohowever,otheotenoroofotheopolicyostipulateso awardoofocompensationotootheolegaloheirsoorotootheovictimoinocaseoofoaopermanento incapacitation.oHence,otheoinjurieso(simple/grievous)ohaveonotobeenotakenointoo consideration.o

(iii)o o Additionally,o theo U.T.o Chandigarho ando theo Nationalo Highwayo Authorityo ofo Indiao haveo failedo too notifyo anyo comprehensiveo policyo oro fileo responseo despiteo havingo beeno grantedo sufficiento numbero ofo opportunities.o Furthermore,otheopoliciesonotifiedobyotheorespectiveoStatesoandotheoAuthoritieso CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -145-o 2023:PHHC:107430 constitutedothereunderoareotooconsiderotheofutureoclaims,obutotheyoareosilentowitho respecto too theo claimo petitionso pendingo aso ono theo dateo ofo notificationo ofo theo policies.oo o o Theoabovesaidopoliciesohaveoalthoughobeenonotifiedobyotheoaboveo saidoState(s),ohowever,otheosaidopoliciesoareoprospectiveoinotheiroapplicationofromo theodateoofoNotificationoandodoonotoredressotheogrievanceoofotheopersonsowhoo haveoalreadyofiledotheirocasesobeforeothisoCourtooroanyootheroCourt/Forum.o o o Hence,oitohasobecomeoessentialoforothisoCourtotooproceedofurtheroando toopassoaocomprehensiveoorderosoothatoclaimsoofotheocitizensocanobeoconsideredo objectivelyoandodecidedoonoaopre-determinedouniformocriteria.o o o Havingo consideredo theo positiono aso legislatedo ando througho theo judicialopronouncements,oitoisonecessaryotooadvertotootheopointsothatoariseoforo considerationoofothisoCourt,owhichoareoasounder:o

(i)o Whethero theo doctrineo ofo stricto liabilityo wouldo applyo ono incidents/o accidentso dueo too stray/wildo animalso ono roadso ando publicostreetsofasteningotheoliabilityoonotheoState?o o o o Aoperusaloofotheostatutoryoprovisionsoasoalsootheoprecedentsoreferredo tooaboveofromotheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoasowelloasotheoHighoCourtsoacrossotheo countryo clearlyo establisheso thato theo Stateo aso wello aso itso Agencieso ando InstrumentalitiesoincludingotheoNationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndiaohaveobeeno fastenedowithotheoresponsibilityoofokeepingoandomaintainingotheirostreets/roadso safeoincludingofromotheomenaceoofostray/wildoanimalsoandostrayodogs.oTheoStateso aso wello aso itso Agencieso haveo alsoo beeno heldo liableo too compensateo too theo victims/heirsoofotheovictimsobyoholdingothatotheoStateoowedoaopublicodutyotoo safeguardotheocitizens/residentsofromotheoabovesaidomenaceoandohavingofailedotoo fulfillo theo saido obligations,o theyo cannoto beo permittedo too escapeo liabilityo byo pleadingopaucityooforesourcesooroinsufficiencyoofofunds.oPeopleocannotobeoleftotoo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -146-o 2023:PHHC:107430 fendoforothemselvesoforoaoStateofailure.oTheorightsoofotheoclaimantsostandofurthero crystallizedo sinceo theo Stateo haso beeno collectingo roado tax/usero feeo fromo theo personsousingotheohighwaysoandoroadsoandotheoLocaloBodiesoareoalsoocollectingo variouso typeso ofo taxes/fee/cesso fromo theo residentso ando areo entitledo too levyo penalty/fineo ono theo ownerso whoo haveo noto beeno ableo too impound/keepo theiro animalsoinochainsoand/orocontrol.oo o o SuchopublicodutyohavingobeenocastoonotheoState,oitocannotoclaimo itselfoinsulatedoagainstobeingosuedoforosuchocompensationomerelyobecauseotheo StateohasochosenotoodeputeoanoAgencyoi.e.oLocaloAuthority,oGramoPanchayat,o Concessionaireo etc.o foro dischargeo ofo sucho functions.o Theo enforcemento mechanismo prescribedo byo theo Stateo iso foro itso convenienceo ando effectiveo implementationo ofo theo safetyo measureso ando too determineo theo lapseso ofo theo employees.oTheosameocannotobeousedoasoaoshieldotoopleadothatoitoisoimmuneotoo anyo claimo ando thato onlyo theo Agencyo deputedo byo ito iso liableo foro sucho compensation.oSuchointeroseodeterminationooforightsoandoobligationsoamongsto theoStateoandoitsoinstrumentalitiesocannotolayobasisoforodelayingotheoreliefotootheo victim(s).oTheolawospecificallyorecognizesothatoaopersonomayobeoheldoliableoino respecto ofo wrongfulo actso oro omissionso ofo anothero undero theo followingo circumstances:o

(i)o asohavingobeenoratifiedooroauthorizedotoodooaoparticularoact;o

(ii)o asostandingotowardsotheootheropersonoinoaorelationoentailingo responsibilitiesoforowrongsodoneobyothatoperson;oando

(iii)o oasohavingoabettedotheotortuousoactsocommittedobyoothers.oo o o Hence,o wheno ano acto iso doneo byo ano agento oro anyo Agencyo oro InstrumentalityoofotheoState,otheosameoisodeemedotoobeodoneobyoitoforoandoono behalfoofotheoState,owhoowouldononethelessoprincipallyoremainoboundotooensureo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -147-o 2023:PHHC:107430 thatoanoadequateoandoappropriateomechanismobeoputoinoplaceotoosafeguardotheo livesoofoitsocitizens/residents.oUnderosuchocircumstances,oevenothoughotheoStateo mayobeoentitledotoorecoveroitsolossoand/oromakeogoodoitsorightsobyoenforcingotheo sameo againsto theo Agency/Instrumentality/personso whoo committedo theo lapse,o however,osuchorightsomerelyogovernointeroseodutiesoandoobligationsoamongstotheo StateoandoitsoauthorizedoAgencies/Instrumentalities/opersonsobutotheoStateowouldo nonethelessobeojointlyooroseverallyoliableotoocompensateotheovictim(s)oforoanyo sucho losso sustainedo byo sucho victim(s).o Hence,o theo liabilityo ofo Stateo ono theo principlesoofostrictoliabilityoisowelloacceptedowhereoaccidentsohaveooccurredodueo toostray/wildoanimals.oTheoStateoisothusoliableotoocompensateoonooccurrenceoofo suchoanoevent.o

(ii)o Whethero claimo foro compensation/financialo assistanceo cano beo madeo onlyo byo wayo ofo ao writo petitiono ino theo absenceo ofo anyo statutoryoregulationsoorothereoisoalternativeomechanism?o o o o o Theoperusaloofotheojudgmentsoandotheolaworeferredotooaboveodoeso showo thato writo petitiono mayo beo entertainedo buto ito doeso noto ruleo thato compensation/financialoassistanceocanobeoclaimedoonlyobyowayoofoaowritopetitiono andonoootheromeanoisoavailable.oTheojurisdictionoandoremedyounderotheocommono lawowouldoalwaysobeoavailableotootheopersonsoaggrievedotooclaimocompensation.o Aowritopetitionoisothusonotoanoexclusiveojurisdictionoandoisoonlyoanoalternateotoo whatoshouldootherwiseobeotheonormaloprocedure.oTheocounseloforotheopartiesohado alsoofairlyoconcededothatotheojurisdictionoofotheoCiviloCourtowouldonotobeobarredo inosuchocasesoandothatotheopetitionersohadobeenoadvisedotooapproachothisoCourto onlyoonoaccountoofoanoexpeditiousoredressaloofotheirogrievancesocoupledowithotheo difficultiesothatoareobeingofacedobyothemoinotheoeventoofoapproachingotheoCivilo Court.oTheolawoisowellosettledothatowhereoanoalternativeoremedyoisoavailableotooao person,osuchoaopersonoisoexpectedotoofirstoexhaustohisoalternativeoremediesobeforeo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -148-o 2023:PHHC:107430 approachingo theo writo Court.o Ito iso onlyo ino certaino exceptionalo circumstances,o graveoexigenciesoorohardshipoofoanoexceptionalonatureoand/orowhereoaocompetento Courtofeelsothatosuchointerferenceoisonecessaryoforomeetingotheoendsoofojustice,o thatoaowritoCourtomayoexerciseoitsojurisdiction.oTheopresenceoofoanoalternativeo remedyoisothoughonotoaobarotooentertainoaowritopetitionoforograntoofocompensationo inoanoappropriateoandobefittingocase,ohowever,osuchoindulgence,oinoexceptionalo cases,oshouldonotobeoconstruedoasolayingodownoaolegalocourseoandoprocedureoforo adjudicationo ofo sucho disputes,o creatingo ao senseo ofo entitlemento too bypasso theo normaloprocedure.oTheocases,owhereinodisputedoquestionsoofofactsoarise,oshouldo beoexaminedoonlyobyoaocompetentoCourtoandoordinarilyoaowritoCourtowouldonoto beoanoappropriateoremedy.o

(iii)o Whicho agencyo oro authorityo oughto too beo heldo liableo foro compensationoandotheoprocedureore9uiredotoobeofollowedoforo computationoofocompensation.o o o o o SinceootheoStateoandoitsoagencies/instrumentalitiesohaveobeenoheldo liableo too payo compensationo too ao persono aggrieved,o hence,o ito iso necessaryo too reiterateotheoAuthoritiesoliableotoopayotheocompensationoinotheoeventoofoanyoclaimo beingo filedo beforeo ao competento Courto soo aso too ruleo outo theo confusiono oro ambiguityo ino theo mindso ofo theo litigatingo public.o Theo Stateo througho theo departmentoofoLocaloSelf-Governmentoinorelationotootheoareasofallingowithinotheo notifiedoMunicipaloAuthoritiesoandothroughotheoDepartmentoofoPanchayatoando DevelopmentoforotheoareasofallingooutsideotheojurisdictionoofoLocalooGovernmento wouldobeoliableotoopayotheoclaimsoagainstotheoAwardopassed.oSimilarly,owhereo theo incidento ino questiono haso occurredo ono ao Stateo Road/Stateo Highway,o theo GovernmentothroughotheoDepartmentoofoPWDo(B&R)oandowhereotheoroadoiso undero anyo scheme/granto byo theo Government,o theo Governmento througho theo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -149-o 2023:PHHC:107430 Departmentoimplementingotheosaidoschemeoshallobeoliableoforobeingoprosecutedo andodisbursingotheoclaimoawarded.oo o o Whereo theo claimso areo againsto theo incidents/accidentso thato haveo takenoplaceoonotheoNationaloHighways,otheoNationaloHighwayoAuthorityoofoIndiao shallobeoprincipallyoliable.oo o o Whereo theo incident/accidento iso ono accounto ofo wildo animal,o theo GovernmentothroughotheoDepartmentoofoForest,oWildlifeoandoEnvironmento(aso mayobeoapplicable)owouldobeoliableotoodisburseotheocompensation.oHowever,o whereothereoisoinvolvementoofomoreothanooneodepartmento(e.g.oaowildoanimal/o strayo animalo causeso accidento ono Highwayo etc.),o theo competento Courto mayo apportionotheocompensationobetweenotheorespectiveodepartments.o o o o o Havingodealtowithotheoaboveoissues,oitohasoalsoobecomeoessentialotoo addresso theo reasonso thato haveo beeno giveno oro citedo byo theo petitionerso foro approachingotheoHighoCourtoinsteadoofofilingotheoclaimopetitions/suitsobeforeotheo competento Civilo Courto foro redressalo ofo theiro grievanceso soo thato appropriateo guidelinesomayobeoissuedotooensureothatotheoremedyoisomadeoexpeditiousoandotheo hardshipofacedobyoaoclaimantocanobeomitigated.oTheorespectiveoreasonsoareobeingo dealtowithoasounder:o

(1)o o Theo absenceo ofo statutoryo policy/frameo worko providingo ao o uniformocriterionoforodeterminationoofocompensation.o o o o ThisoHighoCourtohasoheldoinonumerousoprecedentojudgmentsothato theoprinciplesoasoprescribedoinotheoMotoroVehicleoAct,o1988ocanobeoadoptedoforo computationoofocompensationoinocasesorelatingotootortuousoclaimopertainingotoo death/injury.oTheoprinciplesoofocomputationoofocompensationounderotheoMotoro Vehicleso Act,o 1988,o aso ao justo ando objectiveo procedureo foro assessment,o haso alreadyo evolvedo througho numerouso precedento judgmentso ofo theo Hon'bleo SupremeoCourtoofoIndiaooasowelloasowelloasoofothisocourtoandohaveoalsoocomeotoo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -150-o 2023:PHHC:107430 beoacceptedobyotheomasses.oHence,otheoabovesaidocriteriaoisoheldotoobeoaojust,o reasonableoandofairocriteriaoforocomputationoofocompensationobyotheoCiviloCourtso foroassessingotheocompensationoinotheseomattersoasowell.oTheoCiviloCourtsomayo thuso relyo ono theo sameo foro computationo ofo compensationo eveno ino accidents/o incidentsodueotoowildoanimal/strayoanimal.oo

(2)o Theo commono law/Civilo Courto remedyo iso perceivedo aso inefficient;oineffectiveoandoincapableoofodeliveringoexpeditiouso andoreasonableocompensation.ooo o o o Soofaroasotheoabovesaidoreasonoisoconcerned,otheosameoisoperceptive.o Theo efficiency,o effectivenesso ando capabilityo ofo ao systemo iso dependento ono participatingostakeoholdersoandonotojustoonotheoadjudicatoryoprocedure.oOftenotheo delayo iso causedo byo theo delayingo aso wello aso dilatoryo tacticso adoptedo byo theo respectiveo parties.o However,o despiteo theo same,o theo Civilo Courto remedyo haso proveno itso effectiveness,o efficiencyo ando capabilityo ofo deliveringo expeditiouso dispensationo ofo justiceo ando determiningo theo just,o reasonableo ando equitableo compensation.oInotheomatterorelatingotooclaimsoagainstotheoStateoandoitsoAgencieso ando instrumentalities,o theo proceduralo delayso areo lessero aso comparedo too theo dilatoryotacticsoadoptedobyotheocontestingoprivateoparties.oTheoCourtoexpectsothato theo stakeo holdero shallo puto everyo honesto efforto ando endeavouro too ensureo theo expeditiouso disposalo ofo theo liso claimingo compensationo byo theo familieso ino harness.o Theo Civilo Courtso may,o however,o takeo recourseo too theo summaryo procedureoorotheocaseomanagementoprovidedounderotheoCommercialoCourtsoActo foroexpeditingotheoprocess.o

(3)o Ino theo evento ofo approachingo theo Civilo Court,o ano ad-valoremo Courto feeoiso re9uiredo too beo paido byo theo claimantoando manyo times,otheofamiliesoofotheovictimsoareonotoinoaopositionotooaffordo paymentoofoad-valoremoCourtofee.oTheoapplicationoforofilingotheo suitoasoaopauperoisooftenodelayedodueotoomultipleoconditionsoando restrictionso ando delayso ino obtainingo certificateso fromo theo administrativeoauthorities.oo o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -151-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o Underotheocurrentostatutoryoprovisions,oanoad-valoremoCourtoFeeo hasobeenoprescribedoinocasesorelatingotooclaims.oTheoaffixationoofofixedoCourto FeeohasobeenonotifiedobyotheoStateoGovernmentoinoclaimocasesounderotheoMotoro Vehicleso Act,o 1988o beforeo theo Motoro Accidentso Claimso Tribunal.o Theo determinationoofoCourtoFeeobeingowithinotheodomainoofotheoState,oitodoesonotofallo withinotheopowersoofothisoCourtotoodirectothatoanyoCourtoFeeootherothanotheooneo prescribedounderotheostatuteobeoaffixed.oTakingointooconsiderationothatotheocaseso ofotheopetitioner(s)owouldonotobeodifferentoinosubstanceothanotheoclaimsolodgedo undero theo Motoro Vehicleso Act,o 1988o beforeo theo Motoro Accidentso Claimso Tribunal,oletothisojudgmentobeoplacedobeforeotheoChiefoSecretaryoofobothotheo Statesotootakeoaoreasonedoandoconsciousodecisionoofodrawingosuchoparityoandotoo prescribeotheoCourtoFeeowhichomayobeoconsiderateoandobringsoaboutotheoparity.o SinceothereoisonoochallengeoraisedotootheolegalityoofotheoCourtoFeeoorotheoCourto FeeoAct,ohence,othisoCourtodoesonotodeemoitoappropriateotooventureointootheosaido aspect.oTillotheoCourtofeeoisosuitablyomodifiedobyotheoState,otheoCourtoFeeoaso prescribedo undero theo Statuteo haso too beo paid.o Theo hardshipso claimedo byo theo petitionerso cannoto beo theo basiso ofo waivero ofo Courto Fee.o Ao mechanismo is,o however,odulyoprovidedoforoseekingopermissionotoopursueotheocaseoasopauper,oifo circumstancesosooexist.oTheomereopleaoofohardshipo(whichoisoaoquestionoofofactotoo beodetermined)oisonotosufficientotoorelaxotheomandateoofolawoand/orotooprovideoao valido excuseo foro noto approachingo theo Courtso ino theo mannero whicho iso moreo appropriateoandoaddressesotheoissuesowholesomely.o

(4)o Theopoliceousuallyodoonotoconductoanyoin9uiryoregardingotheo incidentso reportingo injurieso causedo byo accidento dueo too stray/wildoanimal.oConse9uentlyonooMLRoisopreparedobyotheo Civilo Hospitalso foro wanto ofo referenceo byo theo police.o Theo claimantothusohasotoofaceonumerousohardshipsoinoestablishingo thato injurieso (fatal/non-fatal)o areo ono accounto ofo theo incidents/accidentso causedo directlyo oro indirectlyo dueo too CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -152-o 2023:PHHC:107430 stray/wildo animalo impairingo theo prospectso ofo ao fairo compensation.o o o Theo aboveo reasono espouseso realo ando genuineo concerno ofo theo claimantsoandohighlightsotheopracticalodifficultiesothatomayobeofacedobyothemo whileoseekingodeterminationoofojust,ofairoandoequitableocompensation.oInotheo absenceoofoanyoregulationoandodirectothirdopartyoinvolvement,otheoclaimantohaso toorunofromooneopillarotootheootherotooshakeothingsoup.oTheosystemotooofeelsoitso incapability,oinotheoabsenceoofoanyoprescribedomechanism,ofororespondingotootheo requests/grievanceso ofo ao claimant.o Thiso slowso downo theo paceo ofo grievanceo redressaloandoaddsotootheoharassmentoofotheoclaimantoleadingotoohisodepletingo trustoinotheoabilityoofotheosystemotoodeliveroexpeditious,ojust,ofairoandoequitableo relief.oTheoissueohighlightingotheohardshipsofacedobyotheovictims/familiesoofotheo victimso ino gettingo theo policeo aid/assistanceo waso consideredo byo theo Hon'bleo SupremeoCourtoofoIndiaoinotheomatteroofo"Goharo Mohammedo Versuso Uttaro PradeshoStateoRoadoTransportoCorporationoandoothers"oreportedoaso(2023)o4o SCCo381ohadolaidodownocertainoproceduresothatowereorequiredotoobeofollowedobyo theoInvestigatingoAgenciesoinotheomattersorelatingotooMotoroVehiclesoAct,o1988o foro expeditiouso disposalo ofo theo claimso relatingo too compensation.o Theo saido principles/oguidelinesoareoextractedoasounder:o "62.o Accordingly,o thiso appealo iso decidedo witho theo followingo directions:o

i)oo Theo appealo filedo byo theo ownero challengingo theo issueo ofo liabilityoisoherebyodismissedoconfirmingotheoorderopassedobyo theoHighoCourtoandoMACT.o

ii)oo Onoreceivingotheointimationoregardingoroadoaccidentobyouseo ofoaomotorovehicleoatopublicoplace,otheoSHOoconcernedoshallo takeostepsoasoperoSectiono159oofotheoM.V.oAmendmentoAct.o

iii)oo Aftero registeringo theo FIR,o Investigatingo Officero shallo takeo recourseoasospecifiedoinotheoM.V.oAmendmentoRules,o2022o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -153-o 2023:PHHC:107430 andosubmitotheoFARowithino48ohoursotootheoClaimsoTribunal.o TheoIARoandoDARoshallobeofiledobeforeotheoClaimsoTribunalo withinotheotimeolimitosubjectotoocomplianceoofotheoprovisionso ofotheoRules.o

iv)oo Theo registeringo officero iso dutyo boundo too verifyo theo registrationoofotheovehicle,odrivingolicence,ofitnessoofovehicle,o permitoandootheroancillaryoissuesoandosubmitotheoreportoino coordinationo too theo policeo officero beforeo theo Claimso Tribunal.o

v)oo Theoflowochartoandoallootherodocuments,oasospecifiedoinotheo Rules,oshalloeitherobeoinovernacularolanguageooroinoEnglisho language,oasotheocaseomayobeoandoshallobeosuppliedoasopero Rules.oTheoInvestigatingoOfficeroshalloinformotheovictim(s)/o legalo representative(s),o driver(s),o owner(s),o insuranceo companiesoandootherostakeholdersowithorespectotootheoactiono takenofollowingotheoM.V.oAmendmentoRulesoandoshallotakeo stepsotooproduceotheowitnessesoonotheodate,osoofixedobyotheo Tribunal.o

vi)oo Foro theo purposeo too carryo outo theo directiono No.(iii),o distributionoofopoliceostationsoattachingothemowithotheoClaimo Tribunalso iso required.o Therefore,o distributiono memoo attachingotheopoliceostationsotootheoClaimoTribunalsoshallobeo issuedobyotheo Registraro Generaloofo theoHigho Courtso fromo timeotootime,oifonotoalreadyoissuedotooensureotheocomplianceo ofotheoRules.o

vii)oo InoviewoofotheoM.V.oAmendmentoActoandoRules,oasodiscussedo hereinabove,o theo roleo ofo theo Investigatingo Officero iso veryo important.oHeoisorequiredotoocomplyowithotheoprovisionsoofo theo Ruleso withino theo timeo limit,o aso prescribedo therein.o Therefore,o foro effectiveo implementationo ofo theoM.V.o Amendmento Actoando theo Ruleso framedo thereunder,o theo specifiedo trainedo policeo personnelo areo requiredo too beo deputedo too dealo witho theo motoro accidento claimo cases.o Therefore,o weo directo thato theo Chiefo Secretary/Directoro GeneraloofoPoliceoinoeachoandoeveryoState/UnionoTerritoryo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -154-o 2023:PHHC:107430 shallodevelopoaospecializedounitoinoeveryopoliceostationooroato townoleveloandopostotheotrainedopoliceopersonnelotooensureo theo complianceo ofo theo provisionso ofo theoM.V.o Amendmento ActoandotheoRules,owithinoaoperiodoofothreeomonthsofromotheo dateoofothisoorder.o

viii)oo Ono receivingo FARo fromo theo policeo station,o theo Claimso Tribunalo shallo registero sucho FARo aso Miscellaneouso Application.oOnofilingotheoIARoandoDARobyotheoInvestigatingo OfficeroinoconnectionowithotheosaidoFAR,oitoshallobeoattachedo witho theo sameo Miscellaneouso Application.o Theo Claimso Tribunalo shallo passo appropriateo orderso ino theo saido applicationo too carryo outotheo purposeo ofoSectiono 149oofo theo M.V.oAmendmentoActoandotheoRules,oasodiscussedoabove.o

ix)oo TheoClaimoTribunalsoareodirectedotoosatisfyothemselvesowitho theoofferoofotheoDesignatedoOfficeroofotheoinsuranceocompanyo withoanointentotooawardojustoandoreasonableocompensation.o Afterorecordingosuchosatisfaction,otheosettlementobeorecordedo underoSectiono149(2)oofotheoM.V.oAmendmentoAct,osubjectotoo consentobyotheoclaimant(s).oIfotheoclaimant(s)oisonotoreadyotoo acceptotheosame,otheodateobeofixedoforohearingoandoaffordingo anoopportunityotooproduceotheodocumentsoandootheroevidenceo seekingoenhancement,otheopetitionobeodecided.oInotheosaido event,otheosaidoenquiryoshallobeolimitedoonlyotootheoextentoofo theo enhancemento ofo compensation,o shiftingo onuso ono theo claimant(s).o

x)oo Theo Generalo Insuranceo Councilo ando allo insuranceo companieso areo directedotoo issueoappropriateo directionso too followotheomandateoofoSectiono149oofotheoM.V.oAmendmento ActoandotheoamendedoRules.oTheoappointmentoofotheoNodalo Officero prescribedo ino Ruleo 24oando theo Designatedo Officero prescribedo ino Ruleo 23o shallo beo immediatelyo notifiedo ando modifiedoordersobeoalsoonotifiedotimeotootimeotooallotheopoliceo stations/stakeholders.o

xi)oo Ifotheoclaimant(s)ofilesoanoapplicationounderoSectiono164ooro 166o ofo theoM.V.o Amendmento Act,o ono receivingo theo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -155-o 2023:PHHC:107430 information,o theo Miscellaneouso Applicationo registeredo underoSectiono 149oshallo beo sento too theo Claimso Tribunalo whereotheoapplicationounderoSectiono164ooro166oisopendingo immediatelyobyotheoClaimsoTribunal.o

xii)oo Ino caseo theo claimant(s)o oro legalo representative(s)o ofo theo deceasedo haveo filedo separateo claimo petition(s)o ino theo territorialojurisdictionoofodifferentoHighoCourts,oinotheosaido situation,o theo firsto claimo petitiono filedo byo theo claimant(s)/legalo representative(s)o shallo beo maintainedo byo theo saido Claimso Tribunalo ando theo subsequento claimo petition(s)o shallo stando transferredo too theo Claimso Tribunalo whereotheofirstoclaimopetitionowasofiledoandopending.oItoiso madeo clearo hereo thato theo claimant(s)o areonoto requiredo too applyo beforeo thiso Courto seekingo transfero ofo othero claimo petition(s)o thougho filedo ino theo territorialo jurisdictiono ofo differentoHighoCourts.oTheoRegistraroGeneralsoofotheoHigho Courtso shallo takeo appropriateo stepso ando passo appropriateo orderoinothisoregardoinofurtheranceotootheodirectionsoofothiso Court.o

xiii)o Ifotheoclaimant(s)otakesorecourseounderoSectiono164ooro166oofo theoM.V.oAmendmentoAct,oasotheocaseomayobe,ohe/theyoareo directedo too joino Nodalo Officer/Designatedo Officero ofo theo insuranceocompanyoasorespondentsoinotheoclaimopetitionoaso properopartyoofotheoplaceoofoaccidentowhereotheoFIRohasobeeno registeredobyotheopoliceostation.oThoseoofficersomayofacilitateo theo Claimso Tribunalo specifyingo theo recourseo aso takeno underoSectiono149oofotheoM.V.oAmendmentoAct.o

xiv)oo RegistraroGeneraloofotheoHighoCourts,oStatesoLegaloServiceso Authorityo ando Stateo Judicialo Academieso areo requestedo too sensitizeoallostakeholdersoasoearlyoasopossibleowithorespectotoo theo provisionso ofo Chapterso XIo ando XIIo ofo theo M.V.o AmendmentoActoandotheoM.V.ooAmendmentoRules,o2022oando tooensureotheomandateoofolaw.o

xv)oo Foro complianceo ofo mandateo ofo Ruleo 30o ofo theo M.V.o AmendmentoRules,o2022,oitoisodirectedothatoonodisputingotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -156-o 2023:PHHC:107430 liabilityo byo theo insuranceo company,o theo Claimso Tribunalo shallorecordotheoevidenceothroughoLocaloCommissioneroando theofeeoandoexpensesoofosuchoLocaloCommissioneroshallobeo borneobyotheoinsuranceocompany.o

xvi)oo TheoStateoAuthoritiesoshallotakeoappropriateostepsotoodevelopo aojointoweboportal/platformotoocoordinateoandofacilitateotheo stakeholderso foro theo purposeo too carryo outo theo provisionso ofoM.V.oAmendmentoActoandotheoRulesoinocoordinationowitho anyotechnicaloagencyoandobeonotifiedotoopublicoatolarge."o o o o Theoaboveosaidoguidelinesopavedowayoforoexpeditiousoredressaloofo theogrievanceoofotheoclaimants.oThereoisothusoaonecessityothatosuchomechanismo shouldoalsoobeofollowedoinocasesopertainingotooincidents/accidentsoonoaccountoofo dogobite/stray/wildoanimals.oAdoptionoofosuchoaomechanismowouldopaveowayoforo determinationoofoaoclaimoandoascertainmentoofotheofactsoalleged.oTheoimmediateo responseowouldoreduceotheopossibilityoofomanipulationsoatoaolaterostageoandoalsoo protecto theo rightso ofo theo Stateo againsto anyo falseo ando vexatiouso claims.o Additionally,oasotheoStateomayobeoentitledotooandobeowithinoitsorightsotooseeko recoveryoofoitsolossofromotheopersonoresponsibleoforotheolapse,opromptnessoonotheo partoofotheoStateoAgenciesoinoidentifyingosuchopersonsoisolikelyotooalsooprotecto theointerestoofotheoState.o o o Itoisotherefore,odeemedoexpedientotooissueotheofollowingoguidelineso too beo followedo byo theo policeo ono receipto ofo ao complainto abouto anyo incident/accidento reportedo dueo too involvemento ofo animalso (stray/wild/peto oro deserted):o

(a)o Ono receipto ofo informationo regardingo accidento dueo too stray/wildo animal,o theo SHOo shallo geto ao DDRo recordedo withouto anyo undueo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -157-o 2023:PHHC:107430

(b)o Theo policeo officero shallo verifyo theo claimo madeo ando recordo statementsoofowitnessesoandoprepareotheositeoplanoandosummary.o

(c)o Aocopyoofotheoaboveoreportobeoforwardedotootheoclaimant.o

(d)o Theoaboveoreportobeofurnishedowithinoaoperiodoofo30odaysooforeceipto ofosuchoinformation.o o o Theo Directorso Generalo ofo Policeo ofo theo respectiveo Stateso areo directedotooissueoappropriateoinstructionsotootheoAuthoritiesoinothisoregard.o o o Havingoaddressedotheoissuesothatoaroseoforoconsiderationoofothiso Courto ando havingo alsoo consideredo theo reasonso giveno byo theo petitionerso foro approachingotheoHighoCourt,othisoCourtonowoadvertsotootheocasesoinohand.o o o Itoisoevidentofromotheoillustrativeocasesothatotheorespondentsoareo disputingotheooccurrenceoinotheomanneroasoclaimedoandoalsoothatocompensationo cannotobeodeterminedoinowritoproceedingsoconsideringovariousofactualoaspectso involved.oTheocasesoinohandoraiseoseveraloquestionsothatowouldorequireoevidenceo too beo ledo byo theo partieso ando wouldo noto beo appropriateo too beo decidedo ino ao summaryomanner.oSomeoofosuchoissuesothatoareoarisingoinotheseocasesoareoaso under:o a.k Largeo numbero ofo writo petitionso haveo beeno filedo aftero inordinateo delayoandotheoclaimoper-seoisobarredobyolimitation.oEvidenceoneedso toobeopresentedotooestablishothatothereoisoaosubsistingoclaimoasoito wouldobeoaomixedoquestionoofolawoandofact.o b.k Theomanneroinowhichotheoincidentoisoallegedotoohaveotakenoplaceoiso corroboratedosolelyobyoaoselfoservingostatementoofotheoclaimant.oTheo supportingocontemporaneousodocumentsoandotheowitnessesoneedsotoo beoexaminedotooestablishothatotheoaccidentooccurredoinotheomannero CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -158-o 2023:PHHC:107430 c.k Theo requisiteo detailso areo noto availableo aso wouldo conclusivelyo determineotheoincomeoandodependencyoofotheodeceasedoorotheolosso dueotooinjury.oTheoassessmentoofoannualoincomeoandodependencyoiso thusorequiredotoobeoestablishedobyoleadingoevidence.o d.k Thereoisonothingoonorecordotooestablishotheoage,otooconfirmowhethero theodeceasedowasoholdingoaovalidodrivingolicence,owasowearingoao helmet,owasonotounderotheoinfluenceoofoalcoholoetc.oandoitowasonotoao caseoofocontributoryonegligence.o e.k Thereoisonothingoonorecordoasotoowhetherotheoclaimantsowhoohaveo sufferedoinjuriesodueotoohittingoanotherovehicleoinoanoattemptotoo saveo fromo theo animal,o haveo noto filedo anyo othero caseo foro compensationounderotheoMotoroVehiclesoAct.o f.k Thereoisoinsufficientomaterialoonorecordoaboutotheoapportionmentoofo compensationobetweenodifferentostakeoholders.oInoaolargeonumberoofo sucho cases,o thereo iso nothingo too determineo aso too whethero theo petitionersoareotheoonlyoclaimantsooroheirs.o g.k Ino certaino cases,o theo incidento waso noto witnessedo ando eveno theo familyohasofiledotheopetitionowithoutodisclosingotheosourceoofotheo information.oInosomeosuchocasesotheoriderohasorammedohisovehicleo ino theo berms,o trees,o fenceo etc.o ando theo caseo seto upo iso thato theo accidentooccurredoinoaobidotoosaveofromotheostrayoanimalothatocameo inofrontosuddenly.o h.k Inoaolargeonumberoofocasesofiledobeforeothisocourt,otheodocumentso onlyoestablishodeathooroinjuryoandodoonotoestablishotheocauseoofosucho deatho oro injury.o Theo claimo iso thuso basedo merelyo ono theo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -159-o 2023:PHHC:107430 i.o Theo caseso whereocompensationoisobeingo claimedo dueotoo injurieso sustained,o theo natureo ofo injuryo sustained,o theo disabilityo ifo anyo suffered,otheomedicaloexpensesoincurredoetc.oareoalloquestionsothato needodeterminationoafteroevidenceoinoaffirmativeohasobeenoled.o o o Ito iso thuso apparento thato theo abovesaido issueso wouldo fallo undero disputedoquestionsoofofactowhichoareorequiredotoobeodeterminedobyotheocompetento Court(s)oasoperolaw.oEvenothoughopublicolaworemedyoforoseekingocompensationo inoanoestablishedocaseoofoStateonegligenceo(onoprinciplesoofostrictoliability)oisonoto barred,o however,o sucho remedy,o beingo ano extraordinaryo remedy,o iso noto ao substituteotootheodueoprocessoofolaw.oTheowritocourtomay,owhereotheofactsoaocaseo shocko itso judicialo conscienceo oro whereo theo circumstanceso areo compellingo oro necessaryoinolargerointerestoofojustice,ostilloinvokeoitsojurisdictionoandoawardo compensationowhichoitofeelsoisojust.oHowever,oexceptionsocannotobeoconstruedoaso aoruleoorotooholdothatoonlyoaowritocourtoisocompetentotooentertainosuchopetitionsooro claims.oAnoinconvenienceohasotoobeodifferentiatedofromotravestyoofojustice.oTheo needo foro provingo ao caseo cannoto beo dispensedo witho merelyo foro theo sakeo ofo expeditiousodisbursementoofocompensation.oPublicoexchequeroisoaomoneyothatoiso heldoinotrustoandoneedsotoobeodealtowithoaohigherodegreeoofocautionoratherothanoono reflexoreactionooroonopretextoofosympathyoalone.oo o o Thisocourtoisoconsciousoofotheofactothatosomeocasesohaveoremainedo pendingoforosomeotimeobeforeothisocourt,ohowever,otheoaforesaidofactualoaspectso stilloneedotoobeodeterminedobeforeoaojustocompensationoonoaouniformoprocedureo andocriteriaocanobeoawardedoandodisbursed.oTheoStateohavingoframedoaopolicyoforo futureo claimso foro granto ofo financialo assistanceo ino sucho incidents,o ito wouldo otherwiseo seemo inappropriateo foro thiso courto too beo awardingo anyo differento financialoassistanceothanodeterminedobyotheoStateoforosettlingofutureoclaims.oo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -160-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o TheofinancialoassistanceoannouncedobyotheoStateoisoinonoomanneroao barotooclaimoadequateocompensationoandoonlyohelpsotheofamilyotootideooverotheo immediateofinancialocrisisoandomeetotheoexigenciesoandoprovidesoaidotoopursueo otheroremedies.o o o Referenceotootheoabovesaidopoliciesohasobeenomadeotooextractotheo prescribedomechanismoandotoonoticeothatoaoBodyohasonowobeenoconstitutedobyo theo respondent-Stateso ofo Punjabo ando Haryanao too entertaino theo claimso ando too disburseotheofinancialoassistanceoquantifiedoandotheoquantumodetermined.oTheo principlesolaidodownoandotheoproceduresodrawnoinotheosaidopoliciesoasowelloasotheo quantumoofocompensationoprescribedothereunderoareobeingoreliedouponobyotheo Courtowhileoadjudicatingotheomattersoplaced/filedobeforeoit.oTheoreferenceotootheo abovesaido policies/schemeso iso usedo aso ano aido too formulateo ao uniformo ando objectiveo procedureo foro determinationo ofo theo claimo ando computationo ofo compensationoasowelloasoquantumoofoex-gratiaofinancialoassistanceotootheovictimso evenoinotheopendingopetitions.oSinceotheoStateohasodevisedoao mechanismoforo considerationo ofo futureo claims,o whileo acceptingo theo quantumo ofo financialo assistanceotoobeojustoandoproper,othisoCourtodeemsoitoappropriateotoodisposeoofo theseo petitions,o withouto prejudiceo too theo rightso ofo theo respectiveo parties,o too submitotheiroclaimotootheoCommitteeobeingoconstitutedobyothisoCourt,oatoeacho districto ando sucho claimso shallo thereaftero beo decidedo byo saido Committeeo expeditiouslyo ando ino theo timeo prescribed.o Hence,o theo followingo additionalo guidelinesoareoissued:o

(i)o o TheoStatesoofoPunjab,oHaryanaoandoUToChandigarhoshalloconstituteo aoCommitteeotoodetermineocompensationotoobeopaidoonoaccountoofoaoclaimomadeo withorespectotooanoaccident/incidentocausedodueotoostrayocattle/animalowithosucho definitionowouldoincludeotheoanimalsosuchoasocows,obulls,ooxen,odonkeys,odogs,o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -161-o 2023:PHHC:107430 nilgai,obuffaloesoetc.oandoalsooincludeotheowild,opetoandodesertedoanimalsoasowell.o Theo saido Committeeo shallo beo comprisedo ofo Deputyo Commissionero ofo theo concernedoDistrictoasoitsoChairpersonoandoshallohaveotheofollowingomembers:o

(a)o SuperintendentoofoPolice/DeputyoSuperintendentoofoPoliceo(Traffic),o

(b)o SuboDivisionaloMagistrateoofotheoconcernedoarea,o

(c)o TheoDistrictoTransportoOfficer,o

(d)o RepresentativeoofotheoChiefoMedicaloOfficer,o Additionalomemberso(onocaseotoocaseobasis)o

(a)o DistrictoDevelopmentoandoPanchayatoOfficer,o(whereotheocasesorelatingotoo theoaccident/incidentsoareoreportedotoobeoinoaoPanchayatoarea).o

(b)o Theo Districto Foresto Officer,o (whereo theo caseso relatingo too theo accident/o incidentsohaveotakenoplaceoonoaccountoofoanyowildoanimal).o

(c)o TheoExecutiveoEngineer,oPWDo(B&R)o(whereotheoincidents/accidentsodueo too stray/wildo animalo haveo takeno placeo ono theo Stateo Roads/Stateo Highways).o

(d)o AdditionaloCommissioner/ExecutiveoOfficer/SecretaryoofotheoMunicipalo Corporations/Committeeso(whereoitorelatesotootheoLocaloSelfoGovernment/o notifiedoareaounderoMunicipalolaw).o

(e)o Theo Projecto Director/o hiso Nomineeo ando theo Concessionaire/Authorizedo personoofoConcessionaire,oifoany,o(whereotheoaccident/incidentsohappenoono NationaloHighways).o

(f)o TheoExecutiveoOfficeroorohisonomineeoofotheoimplementingoDepartmento (whereotheoincidents/accidentsoareoreportedotoohaveotakenoplaceoatotheositeo ofoaoprojectobeingoimplemented/carriedooutounderosomeoschemeoofotheo CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -162-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o Theopetitionersohereinoshall,oifosooadvised,ofileotheiroapplicationso beforeo theo aforesaido Committeeo foro granto ofo compensationo alongwitho theo supportingo documentso aso providedo ino theo respectiveo policieso notifiedo byo theo respectiveo States.o Ino theo claimso thato areo filedo ino theo UT,o Chandigarh,o theo requisiteodocumentsorequiredotoobeoappendedoshallobeotheosameoasohaveobeeno providedo ino theo scheme/policyo notifiedo byo theo Stateo ofo Haryanao o extractedo earlier.o o o TheocompensationotoobeoawardedobyotheosaidoCommitteeoforotheo incidents/accidentsopertainingotootheodeath/permanentodisabilityoinotheorespectiveo Stateso shallo beo aso prescribedo ino theo respectiveo Stateo Policieso foro theo claimso lodgedoinotheorespectiveoStates,owhileoinorelationotootheoclaimsolodgedoinotheoUT,o Chandigarh,otheobenefitoasoextendedoinotheopolicyoofoPunjaboshallobeoawardedo sinceotheocompensationoproposedoinotheosaidopolicyoisomoreobeneficial.oo o o Theo abovesaido Authorityo mayo alsoo apportiono theo compensationo betweenotwoooromoreodepartmentsowhereotheoinvolvementoisoofooneooromoreo suchodepartments.oo o o TheoAwardoshallobeopassedobyotheoabovesaidoCommitteeowithinoao periodoofofouromonthsoofotheoclaimsobeingofiledobeforeoitoalongwithorequisiteo documents.oo o o CopyoofotheoAwardoshallobeosentotootheorespectiveodepartmentsoaso noticedoalreadyothroughotheoPrincipaloSecretary/SecretaryoorotheoProjectoDirectoro (inocaseoofoNHAI),owhooshallobeoliableotooensureothatotheocompensation/financialo assistanceoisodisbursedotootheoclaimantoexpeditiouslyoandopreferablyowithinoao periodoofosixoweeksoofotheoreceiptoofocopyoofotheoAwardopassedobyotheoabovesaido CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -163-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o Theoabovesaidoprocedureowouldonotooperateoasoaobaroagainstoanyo claimant(s)otooapproachotheoCiviloCourtodirectlyoinsteadoofoapproachingotheosaido Committeeoand/orotooseekojust,ofairoandoequitableocompensationothroughotheo Civilo Court,o ino caseo theo victim/claimanto iso noto satisfiedo witho theo financialo assistanceo prescribedo above.o Theo compensationo undero theo policieso iso too beo consideredo aso ano interimo financialo assistance/ex-gratiao granto too helpo theo victim/claimantotooovercomeotheoimmediateofinancialocrisisoandowouldonotobeoao waivero ofo hiso righto too proceedo too theo Civilo Courto foro determinationo ofo compensation.o o o TheoamountoawardedobyotheoCommitteeomayobeosetooffoagainstotheo finaloawardopassedobyotheoCiviloCourt.oHowever,owhereotheoamountoawardedobyo CiviloCourtoisolessothanotheoamountoassessedobyotheoCommittee,onoorefundoshallo beoclaimed.o o o Inotheoeventoofoaoclaimant/victimoapproachingotheoCiviloCourtoforo seekingo just,o fairo ando equitableo compensation,o theo sameo shallo beo decidedo expeditiouslyoalongwithotheoapplicationsothatomayobeofiled.oWhileocomputingo sucho compensation,o theo Civilo Courto mayo takeo theo aido ofo theo guidelines/o parametersoprovidedounderotheoMotoroVehiclesoAct,o1988.o o o Theoperiododuringowhichotheoproceedingsohaveoremainedopendingo beforeothisoCourtoand/orotheoCommitteeoshallobeotakenointooconsiderationowhileo computingolimitationoforoinstitutionoofotheoproceedingsobeforeotheoCiviloCourt.ooo o o Additionally,o ino theo caseso relatingo too dogo bite,o theo financialo assistanceoshallobeoatoaominimumoofoRs.10,000/-operoteethomarkoandowhereotheo fleshohasobeenopulledooffotheoskin,oitoshallobeoaominimumoofoRs.20,000/-opero"0.2o cm"oofowound.o CWP-22904oofo2016o+o192ocaseso -164-o 2023:PHHC:107430 o o TheoStateoshallobeoprimarilyoresponsibleotoopayocompensationowitho aorightotoorecoverotheosameofromotheodefaultingoAgencies/oInstrumentalitiesoofo theoStateoand/orotheoprivateoperson,oifoany.o o o Petitionsostandodisposedoofoaccordingly.o o o Allomisc.oapplicationsoincludingotheoapplicationsoforoimpleadmento ofoLRsoand/oroproper/necessaryoparties,oasotheocaseomayobe,oareoalsoodisposedoofo witho libertyo too theo applicantso too fileo theo sameo afresho beforeo theo competento Authority/Committee,oifosooadvised,oandoinoaccordanceowitholaw.o o o Ao copyo ofo thiso judgmento beo sento too theo officeo ofo Principalo Secretary,oHomeoasowelloasoDirectoroGeneraloofoPolice,oPunjaboandoHaryanaoando U.T.oChandigarhoasowelloforonecessaryoandopromptoaction/compliance.o o o o o o o o o o o o (VINODoS.oBHARDWAJ)o Date:o18.08.2023o o o o o o ooooooooooooooooJUDGEo rajendero o o o Whetherospeaking/reasonedo :oYes/Noo o o o Whetheroreportableo o :oYes/Noo