Marsh India Insurance Brokers Private Limited v. M/S Atkins Special Risks Ltd. & Ors.

1301 [2023] 9 S.C.R. 1301 : 2023 INSC 293 MARSH INDIA INSURANCE BROKERS PRIVATE LIMITED v. M/S ATKINS SPECIAL RISKS LTD. & ORS. (Civil Appeal No(s).4678-4681 of 2018) MARCH 24, 2023 [ANIRUDDHA BOSE AND SUDHANSHU DHULIA, JJ.] Insurance Act, 1938: s.41(1) – Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (Insurance Brokers) Regulatio ns, 2013 – Clause 37(1) – Complaint by the first respondent-insurance broker alleging adoption of illegal means by appell ant in obtaining business of international reinsurance cov er of J firm, it paid bribe to Chairman of the J firm to obtain b rokerage contract, thus the appellant violated s.41(1) of th e Act of 1938 and Clause 37(1) of the 2013 Regulations – Basis of the complaint was certain emails by which the Chirman allegedly m ade demands for illegal gratification in exchange of handing ov er the brokerage contract to the appellant as also a telep honic conversation against the Chaiman informing the resp ondent no. 1 about demand of bribe from the appellant – Dismis sed by the Regulatory Authority-IRDA – Tribunal set aside the decision of the IRDAI – Held: Order of the tribunal is in the n ature of a remand order which in effect only directed a fresh inquiry and since the fact finding body has already come to its conclusion on lack of evidence, no useful purpose would be ser ved in subjecting the appellant or their contract with J t o another round of inquiry – Barring the fact that the appellant ha d been given the brokerage contract, no other cogent material sh owing any illegality being committed by the appellant in obta ining the contract from J – Order of the tribunal set aside – Order of the IRDA is sustained – Insurance Law. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos.4678-4681 of 2018. From the Judgment and Order dated 16.03.2018 and 21.03.2018 of the Securities Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai in Mis c. Application No.02 of 2018 and IRDA Appeal No.02 of 2018. Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Gopal Jain, Sr. Advs., In dranil Deshmukh, Raunak Dhillon, Ms. Isha Malik, Ms. Salon i Kapadia, Ms. Niharika Shukla, M/s Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, Advs. for the Appellant. Arvind Datar, Sr. Adv., T. Srinivasa Murthy, Senthil Jagadeesan, Ms. Shruti Iyer, Ms. Nishita Jagetia, M/s Bhave and Associates, Harihar Bhave, Dr. Shashwat Bajpai, Rohit Amit Sthal ekar, Advs. for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

ANIRUDDHA BOSE, J. The appellant before us is an Insurance and Re-insu rance Brokerage firm questioning the legality of an order passed by the Securities Appellate Tribunal (“Tribunal”), Mumbai o n 16 th March 2018. By that order, the Tribunal has set aside a d ecision of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of In dia (“IRDA”) dismissing a complaint made by the first respondent alleging adoption of illegal means by the appellant in obtaining business of international re-insurance cover of another firm, Jagson International Limited (“Jagson”) on yearly brokerage/commission. The first respondent had such business with Jagson for the years between 2002-2012.

¶2By the impugned order, the Tribunal has directed the IRDA, in effect, to revisit the complaint made by the respo ndent no.1 and pass a fresh order. Substance of the complaint made by the first respondent, also an Insurance and Re-insurance Brok erage entity was that the appellant had paid bribe to one Mr. Ja gdish Gupta (“respondent no.5”), the Chairman of Jagson for obt aining the brokerage contract. Jagson is involved in the business of oil exploration and such insurance is mainly with regard to its exploration equipments.

¶3The basis of complaint of the first respondent w as certain emails referred to by the first respondent by which the respondent no.5 allegedly had made demand for illegal gratific ation in exchange of handing over the brokerage contract to the appel lant. There is also allegation against the respondent no.5 of informing the respondent no.1, through telephonic conversation, about demand of bribe from the appellant. We find from pleadings that there was inc rease in the number and size of rigs of Jagson subsequent to the year 2012, which required enhanced coverage. Contention of the respo ndent represented by Mr. T. Srinivasa Murthy, learned coun sel is that the appellant has used an India based direct insurance broker to pay money to respondent no.5, as part of the appellant’ s commission to India. The case of the first respondent is that the payment, as is alleged to have been made to the respondent no.5, i s violative of the provisions of Section 41(1) of the Insurance Act, 1938 as also Clause 37(1) of the Insurance Regulatory and Development A uthority (Insurance Brokers) Regulations, 2013.

¶4A complaint to that effect was made with the IRD A on 11 th August 2015 on behalf of the first respondent, whic h was followed by a writ petition in the High Court (at that time it was the High Court for the State of Telangana and the State of A ndhra Pradesh) seeking an inquiry in respect of the said complaint. This writ petition, registered as W.P. No. 27220 of 2017, was disposed of on 19 th September 2017 with a direction on the IRDA to consider the complaint of M/s. Atkins Special Risk Limited by following du e process; preferably within a period of four weeks from the date of receipt of copy of the Order. In the ensuing hearing, IRDA dis posed of the complaint finding lack of any evidence substantiating the complaint. In its order passed on 9 th January 2018, P.J. Joseph, Member (Non-Life) of IRDA who heard the complaint recorded that it was established that no proof of evidence had been brou ght in by the representative of the first respondent to prove his al legations and the authority could not further proceed with the compla int.

¶5The Insurance Regulator i.e., IRDA, represented by Mr. Arvind Datar, learned senior counsel has reiterated this stand before us.

¶6Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, learned senior counse l appearing for the appellant has argued that there was no foundation of the complaint made by the first respondent. As a result, there was no scope of interference by the Tribunal with the o rder of the IRDA. Drawing our attention towards various e-mails refer red to by Mr. Murthy, it has been argued on behalf of the appella nt that none of them related to any illegal demand made by the appellant from Jagson or respondent no.5. Barring a statement of a telephon ic conversation of one Mr. Graham Atkins, managing director of the respo ndent no.1, in which respondent no.5 was alleged to have mentioned that appellant had agreed to pay him certain sum of money to obtain the bu siness, there was no other material showing any illegality bein g committed by his client in obtaining the contract from Jagson.

¶7Mr. Murthy on the other hand submitted that the scope and power of the investigation of IRDA is very wide and his client had obtained an investigation report by a private investigator which hinted at ‘illegality’ being committed by the appellant.

¶8Argument was also made as to whether the IRDA co uld enter into this controversy having regard to the sc ope of their intervention delineated in Section 14(2) of the Ins urance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999. MARSH INDIA INSURANCE BROKERS PVT. LTD. v. M/S

¶9In this judgment, however, we are not getting in to that controversy as regards jurisdiction of the IRDA to conduct investigation as such investigation was directed by an order of the High Court, particulars of which we have given earl ier. So far as jurisdiction or power of IRDA is concerned, we accept the submission of Mr. Murthy that it is of wide amplitude.

¶10But, on going through the materials made availab le before us at the time of hearing, we are of the opinion th at there was no occasion for interfering with the order of the IRDA by the Tribunal. It is a fact that the order of the Tribunal is in t he nature of a remand order and this order in effect has only directed a fresh inquiry. Mr. Murthy had argued that so far as his client’s compl aint is concerned, they had discharged their onus by raising sufficient suspicion as regards the deal between the respondent no.5 and th e appellant. But, we find that barring the fact that the appellant ha d been given the brokerage contract, there is no other cogent materi al which would warrant a detailed investigation. The Tribunal has, ex-facie, gone wrong in observing that the first respondent had relied on documentary evidence in support of the complaint. We have referr ed to the nature of the documents but we accept the argument of Mr. Datar that these cannot constitute materials to trigger off an inquiry on the aspect of bribery being indulged into by the appellant to ob tain the business from Jagson.

¶11The fact finding body has already come to its c onclusion on lack of evidence. In the given circumstances, we do not fi nd any useful purpose that would be served in subjecting th e appellant or their contract with Jagson to another round of inqui ry. In the order under appeal, the Tribunal has observed that the comp laint showed that the first respondent had relied on documentary evidence in support of the contention that Jagdish Gupta had sought bribe a nd was bribed by the officers of Marsh for diverting their re-ins urance business. But we fail to find any such document from which su ch a conclusion could be reached.

¶12Under these circumstances, we set aside the ord er of the Tribunal and allow the present appeals. The order of the IRDA passed on 9 th January 2018 is sustained.

¶13Pending application(s), if any, shall stand dis posed of. Nidhi Jain Appeals allowed.